Holographic waveguide
A waveguide including at least a first photopolymer layer and a second photopolymer layer having a barrier layer therebetween and a first transparent layer and second transparent layer overlaying the first and second photopolymer layers, respectively. The waveguide can further include at least one holographic incoupler and at least one holographic outcoupler, each configured to be responsive to light within a first waveband and unresponsive to light outside of the first waveband, and further configured to be transmissive or reflective.
1. A waveguide comprising:
a first photopolymer layer;
a second photopolymer layer;
a first barrier layer disposed between the first photopolymer layer and the second photopolymer layer;
a first transparent layer; and
a second transparent layer, wherein the first photopolymer layer, the first barrier layer, and the second photopolymer layer are disposed between the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer.
2. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein:
the first photopolymer layer has a first holographic incoupler and a first holographic outcoupler recorded therein, the first holographic incoupler and the first holographic outcoupler responsive to light having a wavelength in a first waveband and unresponsive to light having a wavelength outside the first waveband; and
the second photopolymer layer has a second holographic incoupler and a second holographic outcoupler recorded therein, the second holographic incoupler and the second holographic outcoupler responsive to light having a wavelength in a second waveband and unresponsive to light having a wavelength outside the second waveband, the second waveband different from the first waveband.
3. The waveguide of claim 2 , wherein:
the first holographic incoupler is positioned and oriented to redirect first light having a wavelength in the first waveband to totally internally reflect within a volume of the waveguide towards the first holographic outcoupler;
the first holographic outcoupler is positioned and oriented to receive the first light from the first holographic incoupler, and to redirect the first light to exit the volume of the waveguide;
the second holographic incoupler is positioned and oriented to redirect second light having a wavelength in the second waveband to totally internally reflect within the volume of the waveguide towards the second holographic outcoupler; and
the second holographic outcoupler is positioned and oriented to receive the second light from the second holographic incoupler, and to redirect the second light to exit the volume of the waveguide.
4. The waveguide of claim 3 , wherein:
the first photopolymer layer has a third holographic incoupler and a third holographic outcoupler recorded therein, the third holographic incoupler and the third holographic outcoupler responsive to light having a wavelength in a third waveband and unresponsive to light having a wavelength outside the third waveband, the third waveband different from the first waveband and the second waveband;
the third holographic incoupler is positioned and oriented to redirect third light having a wavelength in the third waveband to totally internally reflect within the volume of the waveguide towards the third holographic outcoupler; and
the third holographic outcoupler is positioned and oriented to receive the third light from the third holographic incoupler, and to redirect the third light to exit the volume of the waveguide.
5. The waveguide of claim 4 , wherein the first waveband, the second waveband, and the third waveband do not overlap.
6. The waveguide of claim 4 , wherein:
the first photopolymer layer and the second photopolymer layer are parallel to each other;
the first holographic incoupler, the second holographic incoupler, and the third holographic incoupler are aligned with one another along a first axis orthogonal to the first photopolymer layer and the second photopolymer layer; and
the first holographic outcoupler, the second holographic outcoupler, and the third holographic outcoupler are aligned with one another along a second axis orthogonal to the first photopolymer layer and the second photopolymer layer.
7. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein each of the first photopolymer layer, the second photopolymer layer, the first barrier layer, the first transparent layer, and the second transparent layer have a same index of refraction, and light which totally internally reflects within a volume of the waveguide reflects off an outermost surface of the first transparent layer and an outermost surface of the second transparent layer.
8. The waveguide of any claim 1 , further comprising:
a third photopolymer layer; and
a second barrier layer disposed between the second photopolymer layer and the third photopolymer layer, wherein the second barrier layer and the third photopolymer layer are disposed between the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer.
9. The waveguide of claim 8 wherein:
the first photopolymer layer has a first holographic incoupler and a first holographic outcoupler recorded therein, the first holographic incoupler and the first holographic outcoupler responsive to light having a wavelength in a first waveband and unresponsive to light having a wavelength outside the first waveband;
the second photopolymer layer has a second holographic incoupler and a second holographic outcoupler recorded therein, the second holographic incoupler and the second holographic outcoupler responsive to light having a wavelength in a second waveband and unresponsive to light having a wavelength outside the second waveband, the second waveband different from the first waveband; and
the third photopolymer layer has a third holographic incoupler and a third holographic outcoupler recorded therein, the third holographic incoupler and the third holographic outcoupler responsive to light having a wavelength in a third waveband and unresponsive to light having a wavelength outside the third waveband, the third waveband different from the first waveband and the second waveband.
10. The waveguide of claim 9 wherein:
the first holographic incoupler is positioned and oriented to redirect first light having a wavelength in the first waveband to totally internally reflect within the a volume of the waveguide towards the first holographic outcoupler;
the first holographic outcoupler is positioned and oriented to receive the first light from the first holographic incoupler, and to redirect the first light to exit the volume of the waveguide;
the second holographic incoupler is positioned and oriented to redirect second light having a wavelength in the second waveband to totally internally reflect within the volume of the waveguide towards the second holographic outcoupler; and
the second holographic outcoupler is positioned and oriented to receive the second light from the second holographic incoupler, and to redirect the second light to exit the volume of the waveguide;
the third holographic incoupler is positioned and oriented to redirect third light having a wavelength in the third waveband to totally internally reflect within the volume of the waveguide towards the third holographic outcoupler; and
the third holographic outcoupler is positioned and oriented to receive the third light from the third holographic incoupler, and to redirect the third light to exit the volume of the waveguide.
11. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein each of the first photopolymer layer, the second photopolymer layer, the first barrier layer, the first transparent layer, and the second transparent layer are planar.
12. A waveguide comprising:
a first transparent layer;
a first photopolymer layer carried by the first transparent layer; a barrier layer carried by the first photopolymer layer;
a second photopolymer layer carried by the barrier layer; and
a second transparent layer carried by the second photopolymer layer.
13. The waveguide of claim 12 wherein:
the first photopolymer layer has a first holographic incoupler and a first holographic outcoupler recorded therein, the first holographic incoupler and the first holographic outcoupler responsive to light having a wavelength in a first waveband and unresponsive to light having a wavelength outside the first waveband; and
the second photopolymer layer has a second holographic incoupler and a second holographic outcoupler recorded therein, the second holographic incoupler and the second holographic outcoupler responsive to light having a wavelength in a second waveband and unresponsive to light having a wavelength outside the second waveband, the second waveband different from the first waveband.
14. The waveguide of claim 13 wherein:
the first holographic incoupler is positioned and oriented to redirect first light having a wavelength in the first waveband to totally internally reflect within the a volume of the waveguide towards the first holographic outcoupler;
the first holographic outcoupler is positioned and oriented to receive the first light from the first holographic incoupler, and to redirect the first light to exit the volume of the waveguide;
the second holographic incoupler is positioned and oriented to redirect second light having a wavelength in the second waveband to totally internally reflect within the volume of the waveguide towards the second holographic outcoupler; and
the second holographic outcoupler is positioned and oriented to receive the second light from the second holographic incoupler, and to redirect the second light to exit the volume of the waveguide.
15. The waveguide of claim 14 wherein:
the first photopolymer layer has a third holographic incoupler and a third holographic outcoupler recorded therein, the third holographic incoupler and the third holographic outcoupler responsive to light having a wavelength in a third waveband and unresponsive to light having a wavelength outside the third waveband, the third waveband different from the first waveband and the second waveband;
the third holographic incoupler is positioned and oriented to redirect third light having a wavelength in the third waveband to totally internally reflect within the volume of the waveguide towards the third holographic outcoupler; and
the third holographic outcoupler is positioned and oriented to receive the third light from the third holographic incoupler, and to redirect the third light to exit the volume of the waveguide.
16. The waveguide of claim 15 wherein the first waveband, the second waveband, and the third waveband do not overlap.
17. The waveguide of claim 15 , wherein:
the first photopolymer layer and the second photopolymer layer are parallel to each other;
the first holographic incoupler, the second holographic incoupler, and the third holographic incoupler are laterally aligned with one another; and
the first holographic outcoupler, the second holographic outcoupler, and the third holographic outcoupler are laterally aligned with one another.
18. The waveguide of claim 12 , wherein each of the first photopolymer layer, the second photopolymer layer, the barrier layer, the first transparent layer, and the second transparent layer have a same index of refraction, and light which totally internally reflects within a volume of the waveguide reflects off an outermost surface of the first transparent layer and an outermost surface of the second transparent layer.
19. The waveguide of claim 12 , wherein each of the first photopolymer layer, the second photopolymer layer, the barrier layer, the first transparent layer, and the second transparent layer are planar.
20. The waveguide of claim 12 , wherein the waveguide is disposed between a first curved surface and a second curved surface of a transparent carrier material to form an optical combiner.