Marked items and verification methods
The invention provides methods for stably immobilizing nucleic acid tracers onto surfaces of products and objects. This method is applied for the identification and authentication of the marked object or product. The present invention further provides specific coated articles and their use in product verification; processes for manufacturing such coated articles, methods for the verification of the coated article, methods for the quantification of the coated article blending, and products suitable for such verification and quantification method.
1. A marked item containing a coating, said coating comprises tracers in a matrix, wherein:
the coating is located on, or applied to, a surface of said item; and
the coating fully covers the surface of said item, or covers at least one macroscopic surface area of said item, or covers a multitude of microscopic surface areas of said item; and
the coating comprises a multitude of said tracers embedded in said matrix;
the tracer consists of nucleic acids encapsulated within particles or consists of nucleic acids attached to the surface of particles which are encapsulated within particles; and
the tracer is free of covalent bonds to said item; and
the matrix is a silica-matrix, and
the matrix possesses a non-porous structure, thereby sealing said tracer.
2. The marked item according to claim 1 , wherein said coating is additionally located in a multitude of microscopic indentions present in the surface of said item.
3. The marked item according to claim 1 , wherein said tracer contains or consist of nucleic acids attached to the surface of particles which are encapsulated within particles.
4. The marked item according to claim 1 , wherein said nucleic acids are selected from the group consisting of natural occurring nucleic acids and synthetic nucleic acids.
5. The marked item according to claim 1 , wherein said matrix is obtained from a precursor; said precursor is selected from the group of:
metal-alkoxides of a formula (I)
M IV (OR) 4 (I), wherein
M represents Si, optionally doped with Ti, Zr, Al, and
R represents independently from each other a C 1-4 alkyl group;
functional silanes of a formula (II)
R′Si(OR) 3 , (II), wherein
R represents independently from each other a C 1-4 alkyl group, and
R′ represents a functional organic group selected from C 1-4 aminoalkyl, C 1-4 epoxyalkyl, C 1-4 vinyl-alkyl, C 1-4 (meth) acryloxyalkyl, C 1-4 isocyano-alkyl, C 1-4 mercaptoalkyl and C 1-20 alkyl; and
polymeric silanes of a formula (III)
R″Si(OR) 3 (III), wherein
R represents independently from each other a C 1-4 alkyl group, and
R″ represents a polymeric chain selected from PEGs, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, PVCs, polystyrenes; polyurethanes.
6. The marked item according to claim 1 , wherein said item contains a surface that is not a silicate; and/or that is inert towards aqueous fluoride solutions.
7. The marked item according to claim 1 , said item is selected from the group consisting of
luxury goods;
fiber or fabrics;
items of clothing and accessories;
art pieces;
industrial components;
auto parts;
electronic devices;
paper;
cash or valuables;
packaging material;
tobacco;
explosives and weapons;
wood;
pharmaceuticals and beauty items; and
food and animal feed.
8. The marked item according to claim 1 , wherein the surface of the item
is of smooth structure, as characterized by an arithmetic mean surface roughness below 0.8 μm; or
is of rough structure as characterized by an arithmetic mean surface roughness above 0.8 μm.