System and method for jointly controlling connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and manual connected vehicles (MCVs)
The present disclosure provides a system and a method for jointly controlling one or multiple connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and one or multiple manual connected vehicles (MCVs) moving to form traffic on the same or intersecting roads. The method includes collecting states of each of the CAVs, each of the MCVs, and each of traffic signs regulating the traffic, and solving a multi-variable mixed-integer problem (MIP) optimizing a cost function for values of control commands changing states of each CAV and values of control commands changing states of each of the traffic signs. The cost function is optimized subject to a motion model of each of the CAVs, subject to constraints modeling general traffic rules, subject to timing constraints, and subject to a motion model of each MCV. The method further includes transmitting the optimized values of the control commands to the corresponding CAVs and corresponding traffic signs.
1. A traffic control system for jointly controlling one or multiple connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and one or multiple manual connected vehicles (MCVs) moving to form traffic on same or intersecting roads, comprising:
at least one processor; and
a memory having instructions stored thereon that,
when executed by the at least one processor, causes the traffic control system to:
collect digital representation of states of each of the CAVs, each of the MCVs, and each of traffic signs regulating the traffic;
solve a multi-variable mixed-integer problem optimizing over a finite future prediction time interval a cost function for values of control commands changing states of each of the CAVs and values of control commands changing states of each of the traffic signs, wherein the cost function of individual goals of each CAV and MCV and a common goal for individual group of the CAVs and the MCVs is optimized subject to a motion model of each of the CAVs described by a differential or difference equation relating a control command to a CAV with a change of a state of the CAV, subject to constraints modeling general traffic rules, subject to timing constraints, and subject to a motion model of each of the MCVs described by a switch function relating dynamic traffic rules for an MCV with a state of the MCV and a state of each of the traffic signs;
transmit optimized values of control commands to corresponding CAVs and corresponding traffic signs; and
control the CAVs and traffic signs based on the optimized values of the control commands.
2. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the switch function includes a rule-free motion model unaffected by the dynamic traffic rules, and one or multiple rule-restricted motion models.
3. The traffic control system of claim 2 , wherein a rule-restricted motion model of the one or multiple rule-restricted motion models is selected for a MCV, based on the states of each of the traffic signs and a state of the MCV.
4. The traffic control system of claim 2 , wherein each rule-restricted motion model is independent of the states of each of the traffic signs.
5. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the cost function includes a term indicative of a difference between a current velocity and a desired velocity of each of the CAVs and the MCVs.
6. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the cost function includes a term indicative of a difference between a current lane and a desired lane of each of the CAVs and the MCVs.
7. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the cost function includes a term indicative of a difference between a combination of current states of the traffic signs and a desired value for the combination.
8. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the cost function includes a term that penalizes a change of a traffic sign state.
9. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the cost function includes a term that penalizes a change of a lane of each vehicle.
10. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the timing constraints include at least one of a timer enabling or disabling a change of the traffic signs and a timer enabling or disabling a change of CAV driving lane.
11. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-variable mixed-integer problem is one of a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) or a mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP).
12. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to solve the multi-variable mixed-integer problem, based on a branch-and-bound algorithm.
13. The traffic control system of claim 12 , wherein the branch-and-bound algorithm includes fixing at least one variable, based on the states of each of the CAVs and the MCVs.
14. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the general traffic rules includes one or more of rules of crossing intersections, avoiding collision with neighbor vehicles, occupying an open lane, and satisfying lane speed limit.
15. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic traffic rules correspond to traffic signs which change based on corresponding control commands.
16. The traffic control system of claim 15 , wherein the traffic signs include one or more of a traffic light, a variable speed limit, and a lane access status.
17. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the state of the CAV includes one or more of a position, a velocity, an acceleration, and a lane of the CAV, and wherein the state of the MCV includes one or more of a position, a velocity, an acceleration, and a lane of the MCV.
18. The traffic control system of claim 1 , wherein the states of each of the traffic signs includes one or more of a traffic light status, a value of variable speed limit, and a lane access status.
19. A method for jointly controlling one or multiple connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and one or multiple manual connected vehicles (MCVs) moving to form traffic on same or intersecting roads, the method comprising:
collecting digital representation of states of each of the CAVs, each of the MCVs, and each of traffic signs regulating the traffic;
solving a multi-variable mixed-integer problem (MIP) optimizing over a finite future prediction time interval a cost function for values of control commands changing states of each of the CAVs and values of control commands changing states of each of the traffic signs, wherein the cost function of individual goals of each CAV and MCV and a common goal for individual group of the CAVs and the MCVs is optimized subject to a motion model of each of the CAVs described by a differential equation relating a control command to a CAV with a change of a state of the CAV, subject to constraints modeling general traffic rules, subject to timing constraints, and subject to a motion model of each of the MCVs described by a switch function relating a dynamic traffic rule for an MCV with a state of the MCV and a state of each of the traffic signs;
transmitting optimized values of the control commands to corresponding CAVs and corresponding traffic signs; and
controlling the CAVs and traffic signs based on the optimized values of the control commands.
20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium embodied thereon a program executable by a processor for performing a method for jointly controlling one or multiple connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and one or multiple manual connected vehicles (MCVs) moving to form traffic on same or intersecting roads, the method comprising:
collecting digital representation of states of each of the CAVs, each of the MCVs, and each of traffic signs regulating the traffic;
solving a multi-variable mixed-integer problem (MIP) optimizing over a finite future prediction time interval a cost function for values of control commands changing states of each of the CAVs and values of control commands changing states of each of the traffic signs, wherein the cost function of individual goals of each CAV and MCV and a common goal for individual group of the CAVs and the MCVs is optimized subject to a motion model of each of the CAVs described by a differential equation relating a control command to a CAV with a change of a state of the CAV, subject to constraints modeling general traffic rules, subject to timing constraints, and subject to a motion model of each of the MCVs described by a switch function relating a dynamic traffic rule for an MCV with a state of the MCV and a state of each of the traffic signs;
transmitting optimized values of the control commands to corresponding CAVs and corresponding traffic signs; and
controlling the CAVs and traffic signs based on the optimized values of the control commands.