Thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle
It is proposed a thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle comprising: a first cooling circuit filled with a first coolant, having at least a first pump, a second cooling circuit filled with a second coolant, having at least a second pump, a third cooling circuit filled with a third coolant, having at least a third pump, wherein the first, second and third cooling circuits are fluidically independent from one another, wherein there is provided at least a selective heat exchanger arrangement, for selectively coupling thermally the third cooling circuit with the first cooling circuit and/or with the second cooling circuit, under predefined conditions.
1. A thermal management system for a vehicle comprising one or more fuel cells, the system comprising:
a first cooling circuit filled with a first coolant, having at least a first pump,
a second cooling circuit filled with a second coolant, having at least a second pump, and
a third cooling circuit filled with a third coolant, having at least a third pump,
wherein the first, second, and third cooling circuits are fluidically independent from one another, and
wherein there is provided at least a selective heat exchanger arrangement, for selectively coupling thermally the third cooling circuit with the first cooling circuit and/or with the second cooling circuit, under predefined conditions.
2. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first cooling circuit comprises:
a first base circuit,
a first auxiliary branch, and
a first selection valve configured to, in a base position, isolate the first auxiliary branch from the first base circuit and configured to, in an activated position, deviate all or a portion of a first coolant flow into the first auxiliary branch,
wherein the selective heat exchanger arrangement comprises a first heat exchanger arranged on the first auxiliary branch for thermal coupling of the first cooling circuit with the third cooling circuit, when the first selection valve is in the activated position.
3. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein:
the second cooling circuit comprises:
a second base circuit,
a second auxiliary branch, and
a second selection valve configured to, in a base position, isolate the second auxiliary branch from the second base circuit and configured to, in an activated position, deviate all or a portion of a second coolant flow into the second auxiliary branch,
wherein the selective heat exchanger arrangement comprises a second heat exchanger arranged on the second auxiliary branch for thermally coupling the second cooling circuit with the third cooling circuit, when the second selection valve is in the activated position.
4. The thermal management system of claim 2 , wherein:
the first coolant has a first operating temperature range,
the second coolant has a second operating temperature range, and
the third coolant has a third operating temperature range,
wherein the first operating temperature range is inferior to the second operating temperature range and the second operating temperature range is inferior to the third operating temperature range.
5. The thermal management system of claim 4 , wherein the first or the second selection valve switches to an activated position when the third coolant is outside the third operating temperature range.
6. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein:
the third cooling circuit comprises:
a third base circuit,
an auxiliary branch, and
a third selection valve configured to, in an activated position, deviate a portion of a third coolant flow from the third base circuit to the third auxiliary branch.
7. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the third cooling circuit cools and/or heats the one or more fuel cells and/or warms a cabin of the vehicle.
8. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the second cooling circuit cools and/or heats a power electronics module.
9. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the first cooling circuit cools and/or heats one or more electrical storage devices such as a battery.
10. The thermal management system of claim 6 , wherein:
the first, second, and third selection valves are 3-way valves, preferably proportional flow control 3-way valves.
11. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein there is provided, in each cooling circuit, a heat intake portion and a heat rejecting portion.
12. The thermal management system of claim 11 , wherein an air flow is configured to flow through, in order:
the heat rejection portion of the first cooling circuit,
the heat rejection portion of the second cooling circuit, and
the heat rejection portion of the third cooling circuit.
13. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the first cooling circuit comprises an electric heater configured to speed up battery temperature rise.
14. A method for the thermal management of a vehicle comprising the thermal management system of claim 1 , comprising:
determining a temperature of the third cooling circuit,
determining whether the third cooling circuit temperature is above an operating temperature range, and
if the third cooling circuit is above the operating temperature range, configuring the selective heat exchanger arrangement, for selectively coupling thermally the third cooling circuit with the first cooling circuit and/or with the second cooling circuit, under predefined conditions.
15. A vehicle comprising:
a fuel cell,
a battery to power an electric motor of the vehicle, and
a power electronic module to control an electricity supply from the fuel cell and the battery to the electric motor and the thermal management system of claim 1 .