Secure communication protocol
A method of transmitting a message from a sender to a receiver is provided, wherein the communication between the sender and receiver is performed using a hybrid automatic-repeat-request protocol. Artificial noise is added digitally to a first data packet in order to trigger transmission of a second data packet. Corresponding artificial noise is added digitally to the second data packet such that the receiver device can process the data packets together to remove the introduced artificial noise and extract the desired message. Also disclosed are methods where artificial noise is added to a predetermined set of plural data packets in a similar fashion.
1. A method of transmitting a message from a sender to a receiver, wherein a communication between the sender and the receiver is performed using a hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ) protocol in which a first data packet transmitted from a sender device of the sender to a receiver device of the receiver comprises a first part representing the message transmitted and a second part representing an error detection code used by the receiver to perform an error check on the first part of the first data packet, and in which, upon the error check failing, the sender device is triggered to transmit to the receiver device a second data packet comprising a corresponding first part representing the message transmitted and a corresponding second part representing a first forward error correction code, the method comprising:
(i) when the message is transmitted from the sender to the receiver:
generating at the sender device the first data packet, the first data packet including the first part representing the message transmitted and the second part representing the error detection code for performing the error check on the first part of the first data packet; and
digitally introducing at the sender device a first artificial noise component to the first data packet by modifying a first set of bits in the first data packet, wherein the first artificial noise component present within the first set of bits of the first data packet causes the error check to fail and automatically triggers the sender device to transmit the second data packet;
(ii) the sender device transmitting the first data packet including the first artificial noise component introduced to the receiver device over a sender-receiver communications channel;
(iii) receiving the first data packet including the first artificial noise component at the receiver device, the receiver device performing the error check on the first data packet;
(iv) in response to determining that the error check has failed, the sender device generating the second data packet, the second data packet including the corresponding first part representing the message transmitted and the corresponding second part representing the first forward error correction code, wherein the generating the second data packet further comprises the sender device digitally introducing a second artificial noise component to the second data packet by modifying a second set of bits in the second data packet, wherein the second artificial noise component is configured to process the first data packet and the second data packet together to remove the first artificial noise component and the second artificial noise component to extract the message;
(v) the sender device transmitting the second data packet including the second artificial noise component to the receiver device over the sender-receiver communications channel; and
(vi) receiving the second data packet including the second artificial noise component at the receiver device and processing the first data packet and the second data packet together to extract the message.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein in response to the receiver determining that the error check fails, the receiver transmits a negative acknowledgement signal to the sender, the negative acknowledgement signal triggering the sender device to transmit the second data packet.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HARQ protocol is a type-I HARQ protocol such that, in step (i), the first data packet includes a third part representing a second forward error correction code.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the digitally introducing the first artificial noise component to the first data packet by modifying the first set of bits in the first data packet comprises:
modifying the first set of bits of the first part of the first data packet representing the message transmitted prior to adding the third part of the first data packet representing the second forward error correction code.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HARQ protocol is a type-II HARQ protocol.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the digitally introducing the second artificial noise component to the second data packet by modifying the second set of bits in the second data packet comprises:
modifying the second set of bits of the corresponding first part of the second data packet representing the message transmitted prior to adding the corresponding second part of the second data packet representing the first forward error correction code.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first artificial noise component and the second artificial noise component are given by r 1 =g/|h b1 | 2 and r 2 =g/|h b2 | 2 , respectively, wherein g is a global artificial noise key, and wherein |h b1 | 2 and |h b2 / 2 are transfer functions of a legitimate transmitter-receiver channel at a time of transmitting of the first data packet and the second data packet, respectively.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first data packet is digitally stored, and wherein the first data packet and the second data packet are processed together using one or more of: (a) maximal ratio combining, (b) selection combining, or (c) equal gain combining.
9. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
sending greater than two data packets, wherein a respective artificial noise component is digitally introduced to each of the greater than two data packets, whereby the respective artificial noise component is generated such that when the greater than two data packets are processed together at the receiver the respective artificial noise component is removed.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(i) the sender is an aircraft and the receiver is a ground receiver; or
(ii) the sender is a ground sender and the receiver is the aircraft.
11. A method of transmitting a message from a sender to a receiver, performed at a sender device of the sender, wherein a communication between the sender and the receiver is performed using a hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ) protocol in which a first data packet transmitted from the sender device to a receiver device of the receiver comprises a first part representing the message transmitted and a second part representing an error detection code used by the receiver to perform an error check on the first part of the first data packet, and in which upon the error check failing, the sender device is triggered to transmit to the receiver a second data packet comprising a corresponding first part representing the message transmitted and a corresponding second part representing a first forward error correction code, the method comprising:
(i) when the message is transmitted from the sender to the receiver:
generating the first data packet, the first data packet including the first part representing the message transmitted and the second part representing the error detection code for performing the error check on the first part of the first data packet; and
digitally introducing a first artificial noise component to the first data packet by modifying a first set of bits in the first data packet, wherein the first artificial noise component present within the first set of bits in the first data packet causes the error check to fail and automatically triggers the sender to transmit the second data packet;
(ii) transmitting the first data packet including the first artificial noise component introduced to the receiver device over a sender-receiver communications channel;
(iii) in response to the sender device determining that the error check has failed, the sender device generating the second data packet, the second data packet including the corresponding first part representing the message transmitted and the corresponding second part representing the first forward error correction code, wherein the generating the second data packet further comprises digitally introducing a second artificial noise component to the second data packet by modifying a second set of bits in the second data packet, wherein the second artificial noise component is configured to remove at the receiver the first artificial noise component introduced to the first data packet; and
(iv) transmitting the second data packet including the second artificial noise component to the receiver over the sender-receiver communications channel.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
(i) the sender is an aircraft and the receiver is a ground receiver; or
(ii) the sender is a ground sender and the receiver is the aircraft.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein in response to the receiver determining that the error check fails, the receiver transmits a negative acknowledgement signal to the sender, the negative acknowledgement signal triggering the sender device to transmit the second data packet.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the HARQ protocol is a type-I HARQ protocol such that, in step (i), the first data packet includes a third part representing a second forward error correction code.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the digitally introducing the first artificial noise component to the first data packet by modifying the first set of bits in the first data packet comprises:
modifying the first set of bits of the first part of the first data packet representing the message transmitted prior to adding the third part of the first data packet representing the second forward error correction code.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the HARQ protocol is a type-II HARQ protocol.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the digitally introducing the second artificial noise component to the second data packet by modifying the second set of bits in the second data packet comprises:
modifying the second set of bits of the corresponding first part of the second data packet representing the message transmitted prior to adding the corresponding second part of the second data packet representing the first forward error correction code.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first artificial noise component and the second artificial noise component are given by r 1 =g/|h b1 | 2 and r 2 =g/|h b2 | 2 , respectively, wherein g is a global artificial noise key, and wherein |h b1 | 2 and |h b2 | 2 are transfer functions of a legitimate transmitter-receiver channel at a time of transmitting of the first data packet and the second data packet, respectively.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first data packet is digitally stored, and wherein the first data packet and the second data packet are processed together using one or more of: (a) maximal ratio combining, (b) selection combining, or (c) equal gain combining.
20. The method of claim 11 , comprising:
sending greater than two data packets, wherein a respective artificial noise component is digitally introduced to each of the greater than two data packets, whereby each respective artificial noise component is generated such that when the greater than two data packets are processed together at the receiver the respective artificial noise component is removed.