Granted Patent
B2
US 12,357,674 · App. 18/529,590 · Granted Jul 15, 2025
Methods for promoting wound healing and hair growth comprising GDNF administration
Assignee:
The Jackson Laboratory
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Abstract
The present invention generally relates to uses of glial cell line-derived growth factor (GDNF) in cutaneous wound healing and hair growth. Methods of effecting hair growth and/or wound healing which feature administration of GDNF, or a biologically active fragment thereof, to subjects, e.g., human subject, are disclosed herein. The invention relates also to formulations and kits for achieving the indicated pharmaceutical advantages.
Claims (21)
1. A method for promoting hair growth comprising:
administering to skin comprising hair follicles of a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a topical formulation comprising recombinant human glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), wherein the therapeutically effective amount increases the number of hair follicles in the skin of the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has androgenetic alopecia.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has acute or chronic telogen effluvium.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the topical formulation is administered to the scalp of the subject.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the topical formulation is an emulsion.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the emulsion is a continuous phase emulsion.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the emulsion is a disperse phase emulsion.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the emulsion is a cream, lotion, ointment, or gel.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the emulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the emulsion is a microemulsion.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is administered daily for at least 3-5 days.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a female.
13. A method for promoting hair growth comprising:
administering to the scalp of a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a topical formulation comprising recombinant human glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), wherein the therapeutically effective amount increases the number of hair follicles in the scalp of the subject, and wherein the subject has androgenetic alopecia.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the subject is female.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the topical formulation is an emulsion.
16. A method for promoting hair growth comprising:
administering to the scalp of a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a topical formulation comprising recombinant human glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), wherein the therapeutically effective amount increases the number of hair follicles in the scalp of the subject, and wherein the subject has acute or chronic telogen effluvium.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the subject is female.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the topical formulation is an emulsion.
Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Mar 5, 2024
From: BRAUN, ROBERT E.; SHARMA, MANJU
To: THE JACKSON LABORATORY
Reel/Frame 066644/0531 →
Continuity (5)
Division
14775386
Provisional Application
61787870
· Mar 15, 2013
References Cited (273)
US 4407957A
· Lim
· 1983
[cited by applicant]
US 4870017A
· Ben-Bassat et al.
· 1989
[cited by applicant]
US 4911928A
· Wallach
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
US 5641749A
· Yan et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5705485A
· Cini et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5733875A
· Martin
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5741778A
· Martin et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5798113A
· Dionne et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5800828A
· Dionne et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5834014A
· Weiner et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5837681A
· Magal
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5929041A
· Magal
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6093802A
· Lin et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6184200B1
· Hu
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6221376B1
· Lin et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6245330B1
· Horellou et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6362319B1
· Lin et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 7226758B1
· Lin et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7390781B2
· Hu
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7479279B2
· Paulista et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7611865B2
· Hu
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 8138148B2
· Bock et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8383114B2
· Sloey et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 20030166537A1
· Hanke
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20060258576A1
· Immonen
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20100056440A1
· Rossomando et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20100172865A1
· Shantha et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20110281802A1
· Armbruster et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 20110306546A1
· Armani et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 20190307846A1
· Braun et al.
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
US 20200147174A1
· Braun et al.
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
EP 0610254A1
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
EP 0920448A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
EP 1372698A2
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
JP 2012246249B2
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9306116A1
· 1993
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9719694A1
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9907843A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
WO WO0001815A2
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
WO WO0130375A2
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
WO WO02076494A2
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2005023861A2
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2007103182A2
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2014152511A1
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], The printout of the website from the Mayo Clinic, downloaded Nov. 28, 2017 from mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hair-loss/basics/treatment/con-20-027666?p=1; 7 pages total. (Year: 2017).
[cited by applicant]
Aarabi, S. et al., “Hypertrophic scar formation following burns and trauma: new approaches to treatment,” PLoS Med.., vol. 4(9):e234:7 pages (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Adly, M.A., et al., “Analysis of the expression pattern of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurturin, their cognate receptors GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2, and a common signal transduction element c-Ret in the…
[cited by applicant]
Adly, M.A., et al., “Expression patterns of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurturin, their cognate receptors GFRalpha-1, GFRalpha-2, and a common signal transduction element c-Ret in the human skin ha…
[cited by applicant]
Albers, K.M., et al., “Glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor expression in skin alters the mechanical sensitivity of cutaneous nociceptors,” J Neurosci., vol. 26: 2981-2990 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Albers, K.M., et al., “The skin as a neurotrophic organ,” Neuroscientist, vol. 13: 371-382 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Altschul et al., “Basic Local Alignment Search Tool,” J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410, (1990).
[cited by applicant]
Altschul et al., “Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs,” Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 25(17):3389-3402 (1997).
[cited by applicant]
Altschuler, R.A., “Stress pathways in the rat cochlea and potential for protection from acquired deafness,” Audiol Neurootol., vol. 7: 152-156. (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Altschuler, R.A., et al. (1999). Rescue and regrowth of sensory nerves following deafferentation by neurotrophic factors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 884, 305-311.
[cited by applicant]
Anand, P., “Neurotrophic factors and their receptors in human sensory neuropathies,” Prog Brain Res., vol. 146: 477-492 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Anand, U., et al., “TRPA1 receptor localisation in the human peripheral nervous system and functional studies in cultured human and rat sensory neurons,” Neurosci Lett., vol. 438: 221-227 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Aoki, Y., et al., “Expression and co-expression of VR1, CGRP, and IB4-binding glycoprotein in dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats: differences between the disc afferents and the cutaneous afferents,” Spine (Phila Pa 19…
[cited by applicant]
Ayllon, J., et al., “Long-term response and postsurgical complete remissions after treatment with sunitinib malate, an oral multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcin…
[cited by applicant]
Baba, T., et al. “Electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex exerts antiapoptotic, angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic stroke rats through phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway,” Stroke, v…
[cited by applicant]
Barrientos S, et al., “Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing,” Wound Repair Regen, vol. 16:585-601 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Batchelor, P.E., et al., “Activated macrophages and microglia induce dopaminergic sprouting in the injured striatum and express brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,” J Neuro…
[cited by applicant]
Batchelor, P.E., et al., “Inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression reduces dopaminergic sprouting in the injured striatum,” Eur J Neurosci., vol. 12: 346…
[cited by applicant]
Batchelor, P.E., et al., “Macrophages and Microglia Produce Local Trophic Gradients That Stimulate Axonal Sprouting Toward but Not beyond the Wound Edge,” Mol Cell Neurosci., vol. 21: 436-453 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Batchelor, P.E., et al., “Stimulation of axonal sprouting by trophic factors immobilized within the wound core,” Brain Res., vol. 1209: 49-56 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Baudet, C., et al. “Positive and negative interactions of GDNF, NTN and ART in developing sensory neuron subpopulations, and their collaboration with neurotrophins,” Development, vol. 127: 4335-4344 (2000).
[cited by applicant]
Becker, D.L., et al.,“Connexins in wound healing; perspectives in diabetic patients,” Biochim. Biophys Acta, vol. 1818:2068-2075 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Bennett NT, et al., “Growth factors and wound healing: Part II. Role in normal and chronic wound healing,” Am J Surg, . vol. 166:74-81 (1993).
[cited by applicant]
Birch et al., Female pattern hair loss. Clin Exp Dermatol. Jul. 2002;27(5):383-88. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01085.x.
[cited by applicant]
Botchkareva et al., American Journal of Pathology, 2000; 156: 1041-1053.
[cited by applicant]
Botchkareva et al., New roles for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin: involvement in hair cycle control. Am J Pathol. Mar. 2000;156(3):1041-53. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64972-3.
[cited by applicant]
Bourane, S., et al., “Low-threshold mechanoreceptor subtypes selectively express MafA and are specified by Ret signaling.” Neuron, vol. 64: 857-870 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Bowenkamp, K.E., et al., “Intracerebroventricular glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor improves motor function and supports nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in bilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats,” Exp Neur…
[cited by applicant]
Bradbury, E.J., et al., “The expression of P2X3 purinoreceptors in sensory neurons: effects of axotomy and glial-derived neurotrophic factor,” Mol Cell Neurosci., vol. 12: 256-268 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Braiman-Wilksman, L. et al., “Novel Insights into Wound Healing Sequence of Events,” Toxicol. Pathol., vol. 25: 767-779(2007).
[cited by applicant]
Brem, H. et al. “Healing of elderly patients with diabetic foot ulcers, venous stasis ulcers, and pressure ulcers,” Surg Technol Int., vol. 11, 161-167 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Bukowiecki et al., Wound-Healing Studies in Cornea and Skin: Parallels, Differences and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci. Jun. 12, 2017;18(6):1257. doi: 10.3390/ijms18061257.
[cited by applicant]
Burt, Evolutionary grouping of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Apr. 30, 1992;184(2):590-5.
[cited by applicant]
Carlsten et al., Society for Neuroscience Abstract Viewer and Itinerary Planner. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. Nov. 2002. Abstract No. 757.5.
[cited by applicant]
Carlsten, J.A., et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-responsive and neurotrophin-3-responsive neurons require the cytoskeletal linker protein dystonin for postnatal survival,” J Comp Neurol., vol. 432: 1…
[cited by applicant]
Cavanagh, P.R., et al. “The non-healing diabetic foot wound: fact or fiction?,” Ostomy Wound Manage, vol. 44(3A supp), 6S-12S (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Chang, H et al., “Genetic analysis of the mammalian transforming growth factor-beta superfamily,” Endocri Rev, vol. 23(6):787-823 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Charron, M. et al., “A 3-kilobase region derived from the rat cathepsin L gene directs in vivo expression of a reporter gene in sertoli cells in a manner comparable to that of the endogenous gene,” Biol Reprod, vol. 81(…
[cited by applicant]
Chen, S.H., et al., “Premarin stimulates estrogen receptor-alpha to protect against traumatic brain injury in male rats,” Crit Care Med., vol. 37: 3097-3106 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Chi, J.H., “Scar-busting chondroitinase with peripheral nerve grafting promotes axonal regeneration in chronic spinal cord injury,” Neurosurgery, vol. 66: N12 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Christianson, J.A., et al., “Restorative effects of neurotrophin treatment on diabetes-induced cutaneous axon loss in mice,” Exp Neurol., vol. 179, 188-199 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Cobianchi, S., et al., “Differential effects of activity dependent treatments on axonal regeneration and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury,” Exp Neurol., vol. 240:157-167 (2013).
[cited by applicant]
Conley et al., Recombinant protein production in a variety of Nicotiana hosts: a comparative analysis. Plant Biotechnol J. May 2011;9(4):434-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00563.x. Epub Oct. 8, 2010.
[cited by applicant]
Deng, L.X., et al., “GDNF modifies reactive astrogliosis allowing robust axonal regeneration through Schwann cell-seeded guidance channels after spinal cord injury,” Exp Neurol., vol. 229: 238-250. (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Deonarine, K., et al, “Gene expression profiling of cutaneous wound healing,” J. Transl. Med., vol. 5 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Dhurat, R. et al., “Hair evaluation methods: merits and demerits,” Int J Trichology 1(2): 108-119 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Diegelmann, R.F., et al, “Wound healing: an overview of acute, fibrotic and delayed healing,” Front Biosci, vol. 9:283-289 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Donahue, T.R., et al., “CXCR2 and RET single nucleotide polymorphisms in pancreatic cancer,” World J Surg., vol. 33, 710-715 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Ebadi, M., et al., “Neurotrophins and their receptors in nerve injury and repair,” Neurochem Int., vol. 30: 347-374 (1997).
[cited by applicant]
Eigenbrot et al., “X-ray structure of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor at 1.9 A resolution and implications for receptor binding,” Nat Struct Biol., vol. 4 (6):435-438 (1997).
[cited by applicant]
Eketjall et al. “Distinct structural elements in GDNF mediate binding to GFRalphal and activation of the GFRalphal-c-Ret receptor complex,” EMBO, vol. 18(21): 5901-5910 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Elcin YM et al., “Controlled release of endothelial cell growth factor from chitosan-albumin microspheres for localized angiogenesis: in vitro and in vivo studies,” Artif. Cell Blood Substit. Immobil Biotechnol., vol. 2…
[cited by applicant]
Elitt, C.M., et al. “Artemin overexpression in skin enhances expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cutaneous sensory neurons and leads to behavioral sensitivity to heat and cold,” J Neurosci., vol. 26: 8578-8587 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Elitt, C.M., et al., “Overexpression of artemin in the tongue increases expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in trigeminal afferents and causes oral sensitivity to capsaicin and mustard oil,” Brain Res., vol. 1230: 80-90 (2008…
[cited by applicant]
Falanga V, et al., “The “trap” hypothesis of venous ulceration,” Lancet, vol. 341:1006-1008 (1993).
[cited by applicant]
Fernandez-San Millan et al., “Expression of recombinant proteins lacking methionine as N-terminal amino acid in plastids: human serum albumin as a case study,” J Biotechnol., vol. 127(4):593-604 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Freedberg M, et al., “Keratins and the keratinocyte activation cycle,” J Invest Dermatol., vol. 116(5):633-640 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Freedman, G., et al. “Practical treatment of pain in patients with chronic wounds: pathogenesis-guided management,” Am J Surg., vol. 188(1A Suppl):31-35 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Friedrich, R.E., et al., “Vascular wall cells contribute to tumourigenesis in cutaneous neurofibromas of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. A comparative histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study,…
[cited by applicant]
Fritzsch, B. et al. “Making and breaking the innervation of the ear: neurotrophic support during ear development and its clinical implications,” Cell Tissue Res., vol. 295:369-382 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Fundin, B.T., et al., “A rapid and dynamic regulation of GDNF-family ligands and receptors correlate with the developmental dependency of cutaneous sensory innervation,” Development, vol. 126: 2597-2610 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
GENBANK Submission; NIH/NCBI, Accession No. L19063.1. Lin et al., Jun. 8, 1993. 1 page.
[cited by applicant]
Ghassemi, F., et al., “Betal adducin gene expression in DRG is developmentally regulated and is upregulated by glial-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor,” Brain Res Mol Brain Res., vol. 90 :118-124 (2011…
[cited by applicant]
Gilliver, S.C., et al., “MIF: a key player in cutaneous biology and wound healing,” Exp. Dermatol.,vol. 20(1): 1-6 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Golden, J.P., et al., “Expression of neurturin, GDNF, and GDNF family-receptor mRNA in the developing and mature mouse,” Exp Neurol., vol. 158: 504-528 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Grose R, et al., “Wound-healing studies in transgenic and knockout mice,” Mol Biotechnol., vol. 28(2):147-166 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Gudi, V., et al., “Spatial and temporal profiles of growth factor expression during CNS demyelination reveal the dynamics of repair priming,” PLoS One, vol. 6: e22623 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Gurtner GC, et al., “Wound repair and regeneration,” Nature, vol. 453(7193):314-321 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Hackam, D.J., et al., “Cellular, biochemical, and clinical aspects of wound healing,” Surg Infect., vol. 3 (Suppl 1), S23-S35 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Hakuba, N., et al., Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of a gene prevents hearing loss and progressive inner hair cell loss after transient cochlear ischemia in gerbils. Gene Ther 10, 426-433 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Hantash BM, et al.,“Adult and fetal wound healing,” Front Biosci., vol. 13:51-61 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Harding, K.G., et al., “Wound chronicity and fibroblast senescence—implications for treatment,” Int Wound J., vol. 2 (4):364-368 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Hellmich et al., “Embryonic expression of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) suggests multiple developmental roles in neural differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.,” Mech Dev., vol. 54(…
[cited by applicant]
Hess, D.C., et al., “Stem cells and neurological diseases,” Cell Prolif., vol. 41 (Suppl 1): 94-114 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Hiltunen, P.H., et al., “Sympathetic cholinergic target innervation requires GDNF family receptor GFR alpha 2,” Mol Cell Neurosci., vol. 26: 450-457 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Hsieh, J.H., et al., “Patterns of target tissue reinnervation and trophic factor expression after nerve grafting,” Plast Reconstr Surg. (2013).
[cited by applicant]
Hsieh, Y.L., et al., “Effects of 4-methylcatechol on skin reinnervation: promotion of cutaneous nerve regeneration after crush injury,” J Neuropathol Exp Neurol., vol. 68:1269-1281 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Huang et al., Abstracts presented at the 12th International Congress on Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins. Amino Acids. Jul. 2011;41(1):S20.
[cited by applicant]
Imamura, T., et al., “The microenvironment of freeze-injured mouse urinary bladders enables successful tissue engineering,” Tissue Eng., Part A 15: 3367-3375 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Ishida, A., et al., “Approach to ex vivo gene therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease,” Brain Dev., vol. 22 (Suppl 1):S143-147 (2000).
[cited by applicant]
Jankowski, M.P., et al., “Enhanced artemin/GFRalpha3 levels regulate mechanically insensitive, heat-sensitive C-fiber recruitment after axotomy and regeneration,” J Neurosci., vol. 30: 16272-16283 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Jeon, S.M., et al., “Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 immunoreactivity in sensory ganglia and hindpaw after adjuvant injection,” Neuroreport, vol. 19: 183-186. (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Johanson, C., et al., “Traumatic brain injury and recovery mechanisms: peptide modulation of periventricular neurogenic regions by the choroid plexus-CSF nexus,” J Neural Transm., vol. 118: 115-133 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Jones, K.R., et al., “Evidence-based management of chronic wounds,” Adv. Skin Wound Care vol. 20(11):591-600 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Kanzaki, S., et al., “From gene identification to gene therapy,” Audiol Neurootol., vol. 7: 161-164 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Kanzaki, S., et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and chronic electrical stimulation prevent VIII cranial nerve degeneration following denervation,” J Comp Neurol., vol. 454: 350-360 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Kao, C.H., et al., “Body cooling ameliorating spinal cord injury may be neurogenesis-, anti-inflammation- and angiogenesis-associated in rats,” J Trauma, vol. 70: 885-893 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Karlin, S. et al., “Methods for assessing the statistical significance of molecular sequence features by using general scoring schemes,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 87:2264-2268, (1990).
[cited by applicant]
Karlin, S., “Applications and statistics for multiple high-scoring segments in molecular sequences,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, vol. 90:5873-5877 (1993).
[cited by applicant]
Kato, M et al., “RET tyrosine kinase enhances hair growth in association with promotion of melanogenesis,” Oncogene, vol. 20: 7536-7541 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Kawamoto, K., et al., “Gene-based therapy for inner ear disease,” Noise Health, vol. 3: 37-47 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Kawamoto, K., et al., “Hearing and hair cells are protected by adenoviral gene therapy with TGF-betal and GDNF,” Mol Ther., vol. 7: 484-492 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Keithley, E.M., et al., “GDNF protects the cochlea against noise damage,” Neuroreport, vol. 9, 2183-2187 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Kesser, B.W., et al. “Gene transfer in human vestibular epithelia and the prospects for inner ear gene therapy,” Laryngoscope, vol. 118:821-831 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Kiasalari, Z., et al., “Identification of perineal sensory neurons activated by innocuous heat,” J Comp Neurol., vol. 518:137-162 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Kiwanuka, E. et al., “Harnessing Growth Factors to Influence Wound Healing,” Growth Factors and Wound Healing, Clin. Plastic Surgery, vol. 39:239-248 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Koltzenburg, M., et al., “The changing sensitivity in the life of the nociceptor,” Pain Suppl., vol. 6: S93-S102 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Komeda, M., et al., “The influence of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist transgene on spiral ganglion neurons,” Hear Res., vol. 131:1-10 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Kuang, R., et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Potential for otoprotection,” Ann N Y Acad Sci., vol. 884:270-291 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Kumar, S. “Classification and management of acute wounds,” Surgery , vol. 26:43-47 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Lawson, J., et al., “Changes in skin levels of two neutotrophins (glial cell line derived neurotrohic factor and neurotrophin-3) cause alterations in cutaneous neuron responses to mechanical stimuli;” Acta Physiologica …
[cited by applicant]
Lee, Y.J., et al., “Upregulation of bradykinin B2 receptor expression by neurotrophic factors and nerve injury in mouse sensory neurons,” Mol Cell Neurosci., vol. 19: 186-200. (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Leibovich, S.J., et al., “The role of the macrophage in wound repair. A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum,” Am. J. Pathol., vol. 78(1):71-100 (1975).
[cited by applicant]
Levin, M. E., “Preventing amputation in the patient with diabetes,” Diabetes Care., vol. 18(10): 1383-1394 (1995).
[cited by applicant]
Lin et al. “GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons, ”Science, vol. 260 (5111): 1130-1132 (1993).
[cited by applicant]
Lin et al., “Purification and initial characterization of rat B49 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,” Neurochem, vol. 63 (2): 758-768 (1994).
[cited by applicant]
Lin, Y.C., et al., “Keratin gel filler for peripheral nerve repair in a rodent sciatic nerve injury model;” Plast Reconstr Surg., vol. 129: 67-78 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Lindfors, P.H., et al., “Deficient nonpeptidergic epidermis innervation and reduced inflammatory pain in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha2 knock-out mice,” J Neurosci., vol. 26:1953-1960…
[cited by applicant]
Lisse et al., GDNF promotes hair formation and cutaneous wound healing by targeting bulge stem cells. NPJ Regen Med. Jun. 12, 2020;5:13.
[cited by applicant]
Liu, Y., et al. “Protection against aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity by regulated AAV vector-mediated GDNF gene transfer into the cochlea,” Mol Ther., vol. 16: 474-480 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Lovvom, HN 3rd, et al., “Relative distribution and crosslinking of collagen distinguish fetal from adult sheep wound repair,” Pediatr Surg., vol. 34(1):218-223 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Lu. B., et al., “A novel immunoprecipitation strategy identifies a unique functional mimic of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family ligands in the pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi,” Infect Immun., vol. 76: 35…
[cited by applicant]
Lupo M., “Cosmeceutical Peptides,” Dermatol Surg., vol. 31 :832-836 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Lupo M., et al., “Cosmeceutical peptides,” Dermatol Ther., vol. 20(7 Pt 2)::343-349 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Machine translation of the specification of published Korean application KR889460; 13 pages total.
[cited by applicant]
Malgrange, B., et al., “Expression of growth factors and their receptors in the postnatal rat cochlea,” Neurochem Res., vol. 23:1133-1138 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Malgrange, B., et al., “Identification of factors that maintain mammalian outer hair cells in adult organ of Corti explants,” Hear Res., vol. 170: 48-58 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Malin, S., et al., “TRPV1 and TRPA1 function and modulation are target tissue dependent” J Neurosci., vol. 31: 10516-10528 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Malin, S.A., et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family members sensitize nociceptors in vitro and produce thermal hyperalgesia in vivo,” J Neurosci., vol. 26: 8588-8599 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Marchler-Baeur, M. et al., “CDD: conserved domains and protein three-dimensional structure,” Nucleic Acids Res., vol. 41:D348-352, 2013.
[cited by applicant]
Martin P, et al., “Inflammatory cells during wound repair: the good, the bad and the ugly,” Trends Cell Biol., vol. 15 (11):599-607 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Martin, D.M., et al., “Gene-based diagnostic and treatment methods for tinnitus,” Int Tinnitus, vol. 9:3-10 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Mast BA, et al., “Interactions of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases in acute and chronic wounds,” Wound Repair Regen., vol. 4(4):411-420 (1996).
[cited by applicant]
McLeod, M., et al., “Erythropoietin and GDNF enhance ventral mesencephalic fiber outgrowth and capillary proliferation following neural transplantation in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease,” Eur J Neurosci., vol. 24…
[cited by applicant]
Molliver, D.C., et al., “Overexpression of NGF or GDNF alters transcriptional plasticity evoked by inflammation,” Pain, vol. 113: 277-284 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Morimoto, T., et al, “Striatal stimulation nurtures endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis in chronic-phase schemic stroke rats,” Cell Transplant, vol. 20: 1049-1064 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Mosser, D.M., et al.,“Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation,” Nature Rev. Immunol., vol. 8:958-969 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Mousley, M., “Diabetes and its effect on wound healing and patient care,” Nurs Times, vol. 99(42): 70-74 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Murota, H., et al., “Artemin causes hypersensitivity to warm sensation, mimicking warmth-provoked pruritus in atopic dermatitis,” J Allergy Clin Immunol., vol. 130: 671-682/e674 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Mustoe T., “Understanding chronic wounds: a unifying hypothesis on their pathogenesis and implications for therapy,” Am J Surg., vol. 187(5A):65S-70S (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Muzzarelli, “Chitins and chitosans for the repair of wounded skin, nerve, cartilage and bone,” RAA, Carbohydrate Polymers: vol. 76: 167-182 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Myers, E. et al., “Optimal alignments in linear space,” Cabios, vol. 4(1): 11-17(1988).
[cited by applicant]
Nakagawa et al., “Enzymatic Cleavage of Amino Terminal Methionine from Recombinant Human Interleukin 2 and Growth Hormone by Aminopeptidase M,” Nature Biotech, vol. 5:824-827 (1987).
[cited by applicant]
Nakajima, T., et al., “Differences in innervation and innervated neurons between hip and inguinal skin,” Clin Orthop Relat Res., vol. 466: 2527-2532 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Nakamura, A., et al., “Recent advances in neuropharmacology of cutaneous nociceptors,” Jpn J Pharmacol., vol. 79: 427-431 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Narita, N., et al., “Functional RET G691S polymorphism in cutaneous malignant melanoma,” Oncogene, vol. 28: 3058-3068 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Nwomeh BC, et al., “Physiology of the chronic wound,” Clin Plast Surg., vol. 25(3):341-356 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Obata, K., et al., “TRPA1 induced in sensory neurons contributes to cold hyperalgesia after inflammation and nerve injury,” J Clin Invest., vol. 115: 2393-2401 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Ogiso T, et al., “Effect of positively and negatively charged liposomes on skin permeation of drugs,” (2001). J Drug Targeting, vol. 9(1):49-59 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Okun, E., et al., “Upregulation of carp GDNF mRNA by the immunomodulator AS101,” Dev Comp Immunol., vol. 30:441-446 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Papaetis, G.S., et al., “Sunitinib: a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the era of molecular cancer therapies,” BioDrugs, vol. 23:377-389 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Patel M, et al., “GDNF-chitosan blended nerve guides: a functional study,” J tissue Eng. & Regenerative Med., vol. 1 (5):360-367 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Paus, R. et al., “The biology of hair follicles,” NEJM, vol. 341(7):491-497 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Perala, N., et al., “Sema4C-Plexin B2 signalling modulates ureteric branching in developing kidney,” Differentiation, vol. 81: 81-91 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Piltonen, M.et al., “Vascular endothelial growth factor C acts as a neurotrophic factor for dopamine neurons in vitro and in vivo,” Neuroscience, vol. 192: 550-563 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Pitera, J.E., et al., “Fras1, a basement membrane-associated protein mutated in Fraser syndrome, mediates both the initiation of the mammalian kidney and the integrity of renal glomeruli,” Hum Mol Genet., vol. 17: 3953-…
[cited by applicant]
Qi H., et al., “Expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor in the stem-cell-containing human limbal epithelium,” Br J Ophthalmol., vol. 92: 1269-1274 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Qun, L.X., et al., “Neurotrophic factors in the auditory periphery,” Ann N Y Acad Sci., vol. 884: 292-304 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Ramot Y. et al. “Spermidine promotes human hair growth and is a novel modulator of human epithelial stem cell functions,” PLoS One, vol. 6(7): e22564 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Rice, J., et al., “Transgenic rescue of aganglionosis and piebaldism in lethal spotted mice,” Dev Dyn., vol. 217:120-132. (2000).
[cited by applicant]
Robson MC, et al., “Wound healing trajectories as predictors of effectiveness of therapeutic agents,” Arch Surg., vol. 135(7):773-777 (2000).
[cited by applicant]
Rodero, M.P., et al., “Skin wound healing modulation by macrophages,” Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol., vol. 3(7):643-653 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Roggenkamp, D., et al., “Atopic keratinocytes induce increased neurite outgrowth in a coculture model of porcine dorsal root ganglia neurons and human skin cells,” J Invest Dermatol., vol. 132: 1892-1900 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Sadick et al., “Analysis of heregulin-induced ErbB2 phosphorylation with a high-throughput Kinase receptor activation enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay,” Anal. Biochem., vol. 235(2): 207-214 (1996).
[cited by applicant]
Sakai, A., et al., “Profiling the cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid using a cytokine antibody array,” J Periodontol., vol. 77: 856-864 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Sanjay et al., “Identification of Newborn Cells by BrdU Labeling and Immunocytochemistry in Vivo,” Methods in Mol Biol., vol. 438: 335-343 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Sariola, H., et al., “Cell lineages in the embryonic kidney: their inductive interactions and signalling molecules,” Biochem Cell Biol., vol. 76: 1009-1016 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Sariola, H., et al., “The neurotrophic factors in non-neuronal tissues,” Cell Mol Life Sci., vol. 58:1061-1066 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Sasaki, K., et al., “Analysis of serum angiogenic factors in a young multiple myeloma patient with high-output cardiac failure,” Int J Hematol., vol. 86: 72-76 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Scheper, V., et al., Effects of delayed treatment with combined GDNF and continuous electrical stimulation on spiral ganglion cell survival in deafened guinea pigs.J Neurosci Res 87, 1389-1399 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Schmidt-Ullrich and Paus, “Molecular principles of hair follicle induction and morphogenesis,” BioEssays, vol. 27(3): 247-261 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Schultz et al., EGF and TGF-alpha in wound healing and repair. J Cell Biochem. Apr. 1991;45(4):346-52.
[cited by applicant]
Shang, J., et al., “Strong neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, and antifibrosis of hepatocyte growth factor in rats brain after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion,” J Neurosci Res., vol. 89: 86-95 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Shi, H., et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factor increases motility and survival of cultured mesenchymal stem cells and ameliorates acute kidney injury,” Am J Physiol Renal Physiol., vol. 294: F229-2…
[cited by applicant]
Shibata, S.B., et al., “Administration of amitriptyline attenuates noise-induced hearing loss via glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) induction,” Brain Res., vol. 1144:74-81 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Shimamura, M., et al., “Experimental and clinical application of plasmid DNA in the field of central nervous diseases,” Curr Gene Ther., vol. 11: 491-500 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Shoji, F., et al., “Differential protective effects of neurotrophins in the attenuation of noise-induced hair cell loss,” Hear Res., vol. 146:134-142 (2000).
[cited by applicant]
Shoji, F., et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has a dose dependent influence on noise-induced hearing loss in the guinea pig cochlea,” Hear Res., vol. 142: 41-55 (2000).
[cited by applicant]
Sindrilaru, A., et al., “An unrestrained proinflammatory M1 macrophage population induced by iron impairs wound healing in humans and mice,”. Clin. Invest., vol. 121(3):985-997 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Singer, A.J., et al., “Cutaneous wound healing,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 341(10):738-746 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Steele, C. et al., “Corneal wound Healing: a review,” Optometry Today, Sep. 24, 1999, pp. 28-32.
[cited by applicant]
Stenn and Paus “Controls of Hair Follicle Cycling”. Physiological Reviews, vol. 81 (1): 449-494 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Stover, T., et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor complex are expressed in the auditory nerve of the mature rat cochlea,” Hear Res., vol. 155, 143-151 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Stucky, C.L., et al., “The low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 regulates the function but not the selective survival of specific subpopulations of sensory neurons,” J Neurosci., vol. 17, 4398-4405 (1997).
[cited by applicant]
Suzuki, M., et al., “Effect of transgenic GDNF expression on gentamicin-induced cochlear and vestibular toxicity,” Gene Ther., vol. 7:1046-1054 (2000).
[cited by applicant]
Takasu, K., et al., “Overexpression of GDNF in the uninjured DRG exerts analgesic effects on neuropathic pain following segmental spinal nerve ligation in mice,” J Pain, vol. 12: 1130-1139 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Takeda, M et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor acutely modulates the excitability of rat small-diameter trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating facial skin,” Brain Behav Immun., vol. 24: 72-82 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Takeda, M., et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor modulates the excitability of nociceptive trigeminal ganglion neurons via a paracrine mechanism following inflammation,” Brain Behav Immun., vol. 28: 100-…
[cited by applicant]
Tang, M.J., et al., “The RET-glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) pathway stimulates migration and chemoattraction of epithelial cells,” J Cell Biol., vol. 142:1337-1345. (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Tang, X. et al., “In vivo study on tissue engineered skeletal muscle with hypoglossal nerve implantation,” Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi., vol. 26: 359-364 (2012) (Abstract only).
[cited by applicant]
Tarnuzzer RW, et al., “Biochemical analysis of acute and chronic wound environments,” Wound Repair Regen., vol. 4 (3):321-325 (1996).
[cited by applicant]
Taylor, A.M., et al., “GDNF levels in the lower lip skin in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain: implications for nonpeptidergic fiber reinnervation and parasympathetic sprouting,” Pain, vol. 152: 1502-1510. (201…
[cited by applicant]
Tian, Y.Y., et al., “Favorable effects of VEGF gene transfer on a rat model of Parkinson disease using adeno-associated viral vectors,” Neurosci Lett., vol. 421: 239-244 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Tokime, K., et al., “Enhanced production and secretion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor from the skin in atopic dermatitis mouse model,” Arch Dermatol Res., vol. 300: 343-352 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Tom, V.J., et al., “Combining peripheral nerve grafts and chondroitinase promotes functional axonal regeneration in the chronically injured spinal cord,” J Neurosci ., vol. 29:14881-14890 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Trupp, M., et al., “Peripheral expression and biological activities of GDNF, a new neurotrophic factor for avian and mammalian peripheral neurons,” J Cell Biol., vol. 130: 137-148 (1995).
[cited by applicant]
Unezaki, S., et al, “Effects of neurotrophic factors on nerve regeneration monitored by in vivo imaging in thy1-YFP transgenic mice,” J Neurosci Methods, vol. 178: 308-315 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Unezaki, S., et al. “Involvement of Tyr1472 phosphorylation of NMDA receptor NR2B subunit in postherpetic neuralgia in model mice,” Mol Pain, vol. 8: 59 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Valacchi, G. et al., “Emergin Topics in Cutaneous Wound Repair,” Ann. N.Y. Acad., Sci., 1259: 136-144 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Valdes-Sanchez, T., et al., BDNF is essentially required for the early postnatal survival of nociceptors, Dev Biol., vol. 339: 465-476. (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Vauclair, S. et al., “Notch1 is essential for postnatal hair follicle development and homeostasis,” Developmental Biology, vol. 284:184-193 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Vellani, V., et al., “Protease activated receptors 1 and 4 sensitize TRPV1 in nociceptive neurons,” Mol Pain, vol. 6: 61 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Vellani, V., et al., “Sensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 by the prokineticin receptor agonist Bv8,” J Neurosci., vol. 26: 5109-5116 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Wang, D., et al., “Preclinical anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor activity of SIM010603, an oral, multi-targets receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor,” Cancer Chemother Pharmacol., vol. 69: 173-183 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Wang, S., et al. “Effects of the neurotrophic factor artemin on sensory afferent development and sensitivity,” Sheng Li Xue Bao, vol. 60: 565-570 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Wang, T., et al., “Neurturin Overexpression in Skin Enhances Expression of TRPM8 in Cutaneous Sensory Neurons and Leads to Behavioral Sensitivity to Cool and Menthol,” J Neurosci., vol. 33: 2060-2070 (2013).
[cited by applicant]
Wang, T., et al., “Phenotypic switching of nonpeptidergic cutaneous sensory neurons following peripheral nerve injury,” PLoS One, vol. 6: e28908 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Wei, D., et al., “Survival, synaptogenesis, and regeneration of adult mouse spiral ganglion neurons in vitro,” Dev Neurobiol., vol. 67:108-122 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Wei, L., et al., “Transplantation of hypoxia preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhances angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia in rats,” Neurobiol Dis., vol. 46: 635-645 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Weinkauf, B., et al.,.“Local gene expression changes after UV-irradiation of human skin,” PLoS One, vol. 7: e39411 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Werner S, et al., “Keratinocyte-fibroblast interactions in wound healing,” J. Invest Dermatol., vol. 127(5):998-1008 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Werner S, et al., “Regulation of wound healing by growth factors and cytokines, ”Physol Rev., vol. 83:835-870 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Wertheimer, E. “Diabetic skin complications: a need for reorganizing the categories of diabetes-associated complications,” Isr Med Assoc J., vol. 6(5):287-289 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Whitney, J.D., “Overview: acute and chronic wounds,” Nurs. Clin. North Am., vol. 40(2):191-205 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Wood, M.D., et al., “GDNF released from microspheres enhances nerve regeneration after delayed repair,” Muscle Nerve, vol. 46: 122-124 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Xu, P., et al., “Activin induces tactile allodynia and increases calcitonin gene-related peptide after peripheral inflammation,” J Neurosci., vol. 25: 9227-9235 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Yagi, M., et al., “Hair cell protection from aminoglycoside ototoxicity by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,” Hum Gene Ther., vol. 10:813-823 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Yagi, M., et al., “Spiral ganglion neurons are protected from degeneration by GDNF gene therapy,” J Assoc Res Otolaryngol, vol. 1: 315-325 (2000).
[cited by applicant]
Yamaguchi, Y., et al. “Cutaneous wound healing: an update,” J Dermatol., vol. 28(10): 521-534: (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Yamamoto, N., et al. “Expression and effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor on periodontal ligament cells,” J Clin Periodontol., vol. 39: 556-564 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Yamasoba, T., et al., “Absence of hair cell protection by exogenous FGF-1 and FGF-2 delivered to guinea pig cochlea in vivo,” Noise Health, vol. 3: 65-78 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Yamasoba, T., et al., “Attenuation of cochlear damage from noise trauma by an iron chelator, a free radical scavenger and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in vivo,” Brain Res., vol. 815: 317-325 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Yang, C. et al., “Distribution of GDNF family receptor alpha3 and RET in rat and human non-neural tissues,” J Mol Histol., vol. 37(1-2):69-77. (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Yang, W., et al., Synergetic protective effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor combined with neurotrophin-3 in F-actin on hair cell after noise trauma, Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi, vol. 36: 342-345 …
[cited by applicant]
Ylikoski, J., et al., “Guinea pig auditory neurons are protected by glial cell line-derived growth factor from degeneration after noise trauma,” Hear Res., vol. 124:17-26 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Yoon et al., “Induction of hair growth by insulin-like growth factor-1 in 1,763 MHz radiofrequency-irradiated hair follicle cells,” PLoS One, vol. 6(12): e28474 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Yoshida, T., et al., “Hematopoietic stem cells prevent hair cell death after transient cochlear ischemia through paracrine effects,” Neuroscience, vol. 145: 923-930 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Yoshida, T., et al., “Immunohistochemical localization of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor Ret in the rat sweat gland,” Kurume Med J. vol. 51: 193-202 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
You, L., et al., “Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-induced migration and signal transduction in corneal epithelial cells,” Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci., vol. 42: 2496-2504 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Zhou, Z., et al. (2006). Dynamic changes in nerve growth factor and substance P in the murine hair cycle induced by depilation. J Dermatol 33, 833-841 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Zwick M., et al., “Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is a survival factor for isolectin B4-positive, but not vanilloid receptor 1-positive, neurons in the mouse,” J Neurosci., vol. 22: 4057-4065 (2002).
[cited by applicant]