Lead construction including alignable marker elements
Implantable apparatus includes two or more alignable marker elements, and systems and methods for manufacturing such implantable apparatus, and methods to utilize such implantable apparatus. For example, the implantable apparatus may include a first alignable marker element and a second alignable marker element that may be used to ensure proper alignment with a target site.
1. An implantable apparatus comprising:
a body defining a distal end region extending along a distal end region axis; and
two alignable marker elements coupled to the body within the distal end region, wherein each of the two alignable marker elements defines a complementary shape that complements the other alignable marker element such that, when the distal end region is viewed axially, the two alignable marker elements form a fiducial shape indicative of acceptable alignment of the distal end region for positioning at a target site.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the two alignable marker elements are at least one of radiopaque and viewable when located within a patient's heart using fluoroscopy and echogenic and viewable when located within a patient's heart using ultrasound.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the complementary shape of each of the two alignable marker elements is at least a portion of a circle and the fiducial shape is at least a portion of a single circle.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the complementary shape of each of the two alignable marker elements is a circle or a semicircle and the fiducial shape is a single circle.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the two alignable marker elements defines a different size than each other.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein a first alignable marker element of the two alignable marker elements defines a first length along the distal end region axis and a second alignable marker element of the two alignable marker elements defines a second length along the distal end region axis, wherein the first length is greater than the second length.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein each of the two alignable marker elements defines a different diameter than each other.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the complementary shape of each of the two alignable marker elements comprises a plurality of portions of circle and the fiducial shape is a near-complete portion of a single circle defining a gap, wherein the gap is indicative of deflection direction of the body.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein a first alignable marker element of the two alignable marker elements comprises a first number of portions of the circle and a second alignable marker element of the two alignable marker elements a second number of portions of the circle, wherein the first number is greater than the second number.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional alignable marker element that defines another complementary shape that complements the two alignable marker elements such that, when the distal end region is viewed axially, the two alignable marker elements and the at least one additional alignable marker element form the fiducial shape indicative of acceptable alignment of the distal end region for positioning at the target site.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the at least one additional alignable marker element defines a different size than at least one of the two alignable marker elements, wherein, when the distal end region is viewed axially, the two alignable marker elements and the at least one additional alignable marker element form a non-alignment fiducial shape indicative of unacceptable alignment of the distal end region.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the two alignable marker elements define a coil extending along the distal axis, wherein, when the distal end region is viewed radially, a minimum length between the two alignable marker elements is indicative of acceptable alignment of the distal end region for positioning at the target site.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one extension member coupled to and extending between the two alignable marker elements.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the body is a delivery catheter or a lead.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a fixation element coupled to the distal end region of the body to couple the body to the target site.
16. An implantable apparatus comprising:
a body defining a distal end region extending along a distal end region axis; and
an alignable marker element coupled to the body within the distal end region defining a directionally indicative shape that, when the distal end region is viewed axially, is indicative of the direction of the distal end region away from a target site.