LTBP complex-specific inhibitors of TGF-beta 1 and uses thereof
Disclosed herein are inhibitors, such as antibodies, and antigen binding portions thereof, that selectively bind complexes of LTBP1-TGFβ1 and/or LTBP3-TGFβ1. The application also provides methods of use of these inhibitors for, for example, inhibiting TGFβ1 activation, and treating subjects suffering from TGFβ1-related disorders, such as fibrotic conditions. Methods of selecting a context-dependent or context-independent isoform-specific TGFβ1 inhibitor for a subject in need thereof are also provided.
1. A method for making a composition comprising an antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, that specifically binds a human LTBP1-proTGFβ1 complex, and does not bind a GARP-proTGFβ1, LRRC33-proTGFβ1, mature TGFβ1, GARP-proTGFβ2, LRRC33-proTGFβ2, mature TGFβ2, GARP-proTGFβ3, LRRC33-proTGFβ3 and mature TGFβ3; wherein the antibody, or the antigen-binding fragment thereof, inhibits TGFβ1 but does not inhibit TGFβ2 or TGFβ3, the method comprising steps of:
i) providing an antigen comprising human LTBP1-proTGFβ1,
ii) selecting antibodies, or antigen-binding fragments thereof, that specifically bind the antigen of step (i), and do not bind GARP-proTGFβ1, LRRC33-proTGFβ1, mature TGFβ1, GARP-proTGFβ2, LRRC33-proTGFβ2, mature TGFβ2, GARP-proTGFβ3, LRRC33-proTGFβ3, and mature TGFβ3, so as to provide specific binders of human LTBP1-proTGFβ1;
iii) selecting from the antibodies, or the antigen-binding fragments thereof, of step ii), antibodies, or antigen-binding fragments thereof, that inhibit activation of TGFβ1, so as to identify specific inhibitors of TGFβ1 activation, wherein the selection step comprises a cell-based assay to measure TGFβ activation, wherein the cell-based assay comprises:
transfecting αVβ integrin-expressing cells with a plasmid encoding human LTBP1 and a plasmid encoding proTGFβ1;
coating an assay plate with fibronectin;
plating the transfected cells expressing human LTBP1 and proTGFβ1 on the assay plate coated with fibronectin, wherein the expressed human LTBP1-proTGFβ1 complex binds to the fibronectin;
incubating in the presence of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof;
adding reporter cells expressing a TGFβ-responsive promoter element, wherein the reporter cells further comprise a reporter gene under the control of the TGFβ-responsive promoter element, wherein the reporter gene comprises a luciferase gene;
reading the results from the reporter cells, wherein the data generated reflects levels of TGFβ activation; and
identifying the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof that inhibit TGFβ1 activation; and
iv) formulating an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, selected from the previous step into a pharmaceutical composition,
thereby making the composition comprising the antibody, or the antigen-binding fragment thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reporter cells are CAGA12 cells.
3. A method for making a composition comprising an antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, that specifically binds a human LTBP3-proTGFβ1 complex, and does not bind a GARP-proTGFβ1, LRRC33-proTGFβ1, mature TGFβ1, GARP-proTGFβ2, LRRC33-proTGFβ2, mature TGFβ2, GARP-proTGFβ3, LRRC33-proTGFβ3 and mature TGFβ3; wherein the antibody, or the antigen-binding fragment thereof, inhibits TGFβ1 but does not inhibit TGFβ2 or TGFβ3, the method comprising steps of:
i) providing an antigen comprising human LTBP3-proTGFβ1,
ii) selecting antibodies, or antigen-binding fragments thereof, that specifically bind the antigen of step (i), and do not bind GARP-proTGFβ1, LRRC33-proTGFβ1, mature TGFβ1, GARP-proTGFβ2, LRRC33-proTGFβ2, mature TGFβ2, GARP-proTGFβ3, LRRC33-proTGFβ3, and mature TGFβ3, so as to provide specific binders of human LTBP3-proTGFβ1;
iii) selecting from the antibodies, or the antigen-binding fragments thereof, of step ii), antibodies, or antigen-binding fragments thereof, that inhibit activation of TGFβ1, so as to identify specific inhibitors of TGFβ1 activation, wherein the selection step comprises a cell-based assay to measure TGFβ activation, wherein the cell-based assay comprises:
transfecting αVβ integrin-expressing cells with a plasmid encoding human LTBP3 and a plasmid encoding proTGFβ1;
coating an assay plate with fibronectin;
plating the transfected cells expressing human LTBP3 and proTGFβ1 on the assay plate coated with fibronectin, wherein the expressed human LTBP3-proTGFβ1 complex binds to the fibronectin;
incubating in the presence of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof;
adding reporter cells expressing a TGFβ-responsive promoter element, wherein the reporter cells further comprise a reporter gene under the control of the TGFβ-responsive promoter element, wherein the reporter gene comprises a luciferase gene;
reading the results from the reporter cells, wherein the data generated reflects levels of TGFβ activation; and
identifying the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof that inhibit TGFβ1 activation; and
iv) formulating an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, selected from the previous step into a pharmaceutical composition,
thereby making the composition comprising the antibody, or the antigen-binding fragment thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the reporter cells are CAGA12 cells.