Additively manufactured valve seats and seals including a metal-thermoplastic composite
The disclosure provides for sealing systems including a composite material that includes a thermoplastic lattice structure having interstitial space that is filled with fusible metal. The composite material is formed by additively manufacturing the lattice structure, and then filling the interstitial space with the metal. The composite material may be used to form portions of valves and seals.
1. A system for providing a fluid barrier, the system comprising:
a body, the body comprising a sealing surface, wherein the body comprises a composite material; and
the composite material includes a first zone and a second zone in contact with each other, wherein:
the first zone has a first lattice structure having a first frame that is a lattice cell shaped by a first thermoplastic polymer, and one or more fusible metals are positioned in an interstitial space of the first frame; and
the second zone has a second lattice structure having a second frame that is a lattice cell shaped by a second thermoplastic polymer, and a non-metal material is positioned in an interstitial space of the second frame,
wherein the one or more fusible metals are configured to produce the sealing surface; and
wherein the sealing surface exhibits a coefficient of friction of less than 0.3 when engaged against the one or more fusible metals.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first thermoplastic polymer comprises polylactic acid, nylon, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyether ether ketone, polyetherketoneketone, polyetherimide, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene, or polycarbonate.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fusible metals comprise bismuth or an alloy thereof, tin or an alloy thereof, zinc or an alloy thereof, indium or an alloy thereof, lead or an alloy thereof, or cadmium or an alloy thereof.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fusible metals have a lower melting temperature than a melting temperature of the first thermoplastic polymer.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fusible metals are paramagnetic.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein a volume of the interstitial space of the first frame is from 10% to 95% of a total volume of the first lattice structure.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lattice structure of the first frame is elastically deformable.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fusible metals are positioned within a first portion of the interstitial space of the first frame, and wherein a second portion of the interstitial space of the first frame comprises a gas, an elastomer, or a mechanical spring.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first zone extends from the sealing surface of the composite material to a first depth within the composite material, and the second zone extends from the first depth to a second depth within the composite material.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the non-metal material comprises an elastomer.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sealing surface is a surface of a ball valve, a gate valve, a packer, a liner hanger seal, or a downhole lubricator valve.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first frame forms from 5 to 90 percent-by-volume of the first lattice structure, based on a total volume of the first lattice structure.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first lattice structure is in direct contact with the second lattice structure.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first thermoplastic polymer and the second thermoplastic polymer comprise a same thermoplastic polymer.
15. A method of making a sealing system for providing a fluid barrier, the method comprising:
additively manufacturing a lattice structure, the lattice structure comprising a frame and an interstitial space, wherein the frame comprises one or more thermoplastic materials and the interstitial space includes a first portion and a second portion;
forming a composite material by:
filling the first portion of the interstitial space with one or more fusible metals; and
filling the second portion of the interstitial space with a non-metal material, wherein the filling of the first portion of the interstitial space comprises pressure infiltration of the one or more fusible metals into the first portion of the interstitial space, dipping the lattice structure into a source of the one or more fusible metals, injecting the one or more fusible metals into the first portion of the interstitial space, or percolating the one or more fusible metals into the first portion of the interstitial space in liquid or semi liquid form; and
forming a sealing system of the composite material, the sealing system having a body with a sealing surface, wherein the one or more fusible metals are positioned within the second portion of the interstitial space at the sealing surface of the body.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein additively manufacturing the lattice structure comprises fused deposition modeling.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the one or more fusible metals are in a liquid state during the filling of the first portion of the interstitial space.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising solidifying the one or more fusible metals within the first portion of the interstitial space.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the one or more fusible metals expand upon solidification.
20. A fluid valve, the valve comprising:
a valve body, the valve body having a sealing surface, wherein the valve body comprises a composite material; and
the composite material includes a first zone and a second zone in contact with each other, wherein:
the first zone has a first lattice structure having a first frame and interstitial space, wherein the first frame is a lattice cell shaped by a first thermoplastic polymer, and one or more fusible metals are positioned within at least a portion of the interstitial space of the first lattice structure at the sealing surface; and
the second zone has a second lattice structure having a second frame and interstitial space, wherein the second frame is a lattice cell shaped by a second thermoplastic polymer, and a non-metal material is positioned within at least a portion of the interstitial space of the second lattice structure.