Method for manufacturing an electrically conductive composite
A method of manufacturing an electrically conductive composite comprising a thermoplastic polymer and electrically conductive particles embedded in at least part of the surface of the thermoplastic polymer is provided. This method comprises the steps of: a) providing a heat-shrinkable object made of bulk thermoplastic polymer, wherein at least part of the surface of the object is rough, b) depositing electrically conductive particles on said part of the surface of the object that is rough leaving spaces free of particles on said part of the surface of the object that is rough, and c) heating the object above a shrinking temperature, thereby shrinking the object, embedding the particles into said part of the surface of the object that is rough and allowing the particles to form conductive paths yielding the electrically conductive composite.
1. A method of manufacturing an electrically conductive composite comprising a thermoplastic polymer and electrically conductive particles embedded in at least part of the surface of the thermoplastic polymer, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a heat-shrinkable object made of bulk thermoplastic polymer, wherein at least part of the surface of the object is rough having pits and/or grooves,
b) depositing electrically conductive particles on said part of the surface of the object that is rough so that the electrically conductive particles come to rest in said pits and/or groove, leaving spaces free of electrically conductive particles on said part of the surface of the object that is rough, and
c) heating the object above a shrinking temperature, thereby shrinking the object, at least partially closing the pits and/or grooves to embedding the electrically conductive particles into said part of the surface of the object that is rough and allowing the electrically conductive particles to form conductive paths yielding the electrically conductive composite
wherein step a) comprises:
0. hot extrusion of a thermoplastic polymer into a thermoplastic polymer object,
i. applying stress on the thermoplastic polymer object while the thermoplastic polymer object is still hot to stretch the thermoplastic polymer object and
ii. cooling the thermoplastic polymer object while the thermoplastic polymer object still under stress, thereby producing the heat-shrinkable object, and
wherein step b) comprises rubbing an exfoliate-able object made of a conducting material on said part of the surface of the heat-shrinkable object that is rough, thereby depositing the electrically conductive particles thereon
or
wherein, in step b), wherein the electrically conductive particles in loose powder form are placed on said part of the surface of the heat-shrinkable object that is rough.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat-shrinkable object is made of an oriented amorphous or crystalline thermoplastic.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat-shrinkable object is shaped as a film.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the film is between about 100 μm and about 500 μm in thickness.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat-shrinkable object is a shrinkable polystyrene sheet.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer object is heated at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer in step i.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer object is cooled at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer in step ii.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the shrinking temperature is at or above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein step a) comprises sanding part of the surface of the heat-shrinkable object, so that said part of the surface is rough.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive particles are particles of silver, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, tin, lead, platinum, gold, or an alloy or a mixture thereof, or particles of a carbon allotrope.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive particles are nanoparticles between about 1 and about 1000 nm in size or microparticles between about 1 and 1000 μm in size.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in step b), the electrically conductive particles are deposited randomly on said part of the surface of the object that is rough.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein step b) comprises rubbing an exfoliate-able object made of a conducting material on said part of the surface of the heat-shrinkable object that is rough, thereby depositing the electrically conductive particles thereon.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein step b) comprises rubbing an exfoliate-able object, over said part of the surface of the heat-shrinkable object that is rough, thereby exfoliating and depositing graphite onto the surface.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in step b), wherein the electrically conductive particles in loose powder form are placed on said part of the surface of the heat-shrinkable object that is rough.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein, in step b), wherein the electrically conductive particles are rubbed on said part of the surface of the heat-shrinkable object that is rough.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step d) of stacking on top of one another two or more electrically conductive composites produced according to steps a) to c), applying pressure on the stack of electrically conductive composites, and heating the stack of electrically conductive composites under pressure to fuse the two or more electrically conductive composites together.
18. An electrically conductive composite produced according to method of claim 1 .