Resonant interferometric coupler and method of modifying an optical signal using same
There is described a resonant interferometric coupler generally having: a substrate; a bus waveguide having in serial connection an input section, a bent section and an output section; a first resonator having a first evanescent coupling point with the input section and a second evanescent coupling point with the output section, the first resonator having first resonances; an interferometer having a first arm path extending along the bent section between the first and second evanescent coupling points, and a second arm path extending along the first resonator between the first and second evanescent coupling points; and a second resonator having a third evanescent coupling point with the bent section, the second resonator having a second resonance overlapping with one of the first resonances and across which a first phase shift is imparted, thereby causing interference at the second evanescent coupling point.
1. A resonant interferometric coupler comprising:
a substrate;
a bus waveguide mounted to the substrate, the bus waveguide having in serial connection an input section, a bent section and an output section;
a first resonator mounted to the substrate and having a first evanescent coupling point with the input section and a second evanescent coupling point with the output section, the first resonator having first resonances;
an interferometer having a first arm path extending along the bent section between the first and second evanescent coupling points, and a second arm path extending along the first resonator between the first and second evanescent coupling points; and
a second resonator being mounted to the substrate and having a third evanescent coupling point with the bent section, the second resonator having at least a second resonance overlapping with at least one of the first resonances and across which a first phase shift is imparted, the first phase shift causing interference at the second evanescent coupling point.
2. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 1 further comprising a tuning mechanism mounted to the substrate, the tuning mechanism being operable to modify the second resonance of the second resonator.
3. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 2 wherein the tuning mechanism includes a heater configured for heating at least an area of the second resonator.
4. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 3 further comprising a thermal barrier thermally insulating the first and second resonators from one another.
5. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 1 further comprising at least a third resonator mounted to the substrate and adjacent to the second resonator, the third resonator having at least a fourth coupling point with the bent section and at least a third resonance overlapping with at least one of the first resonances and across which a second phase shift is imparted.
6. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 5 wherein the third resonance is spectrally spaced apart from the second resonance.
7. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 1 wherein the second resonator has a fourth coupling point with the bent section downstream from the third coupling point.
8. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first resonator and the second resonator is a ring resonator.
9. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 1 wherein the second resonance is twice as broad as the one of the first resonances.
10. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 1 wherein the substrate is made of silicon, the bus waveguide consists of one of silicon-oxide and silicon-nitride, and the second resonance has a full width at half maximum of about 2 nm.
11. The resonant interferometric coupler of claim 1 wherein the first phase shift imparted by the second resonator is frequency dependent.
12. A method of modifying an optical signal using a resonant interferometric coupler, the resonant interferometric coupler having a bus waveguide having in serial connection an input section, a bent section and an output section, a first resonator being evanescently coupled with the input section at a first coupling point and evanescently coupled with the output section at a second coupling point, an interferometer having a first arm path extending along the bent section between the first and second coupling points, and a second arm path extending along the first resonator between the first and second coupling points, the method comprising:
splitting an optical signal into a first optical signal portion propagated along the first arm path and a second optical signal portion propagated along the second arm path;
the second optical signal resonating within the first resonator at first resonances of the first resonator;
using a second resonator being evanescently coupled to the bent section at a third coupling point, imparting a first phase shift to the first optical signal portion across at least a second resonance at least partially overlapping with one of the first resonances; and
at the second coupling point downstream from the third coupling point, coupling the first and second optical signal portions to one another, the first phase shift causing interference at least for the second resonance; and
outputting an output optical signal modified by said interference at the output waveguide.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising tuning the second resonance of the second resonator.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said tuning includes at least one of spectrally shifting the second resonance, narrowing the second resonance and broadening the second resonance.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein said tuning includes heating at least an area of the second resonator.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein said tuning includes modifying a refractive index of the second resonator.
17. The method of claim 12 further comprising thermally insulating the first and second resonators from one another.
18. The method of claim 12 wherein the second resonance is twice as broad as the one of the first resonances.
19. The method of claim 12 wherein the optical signal has optical power distribution within a telecommunication band, and the second resonance has a full width at half maximum of about 2 nm.
20. The method of claim 12 wherein the first phase shift imparted by the second resonator is frequency dependent.