Coupled resonator photon-pair sources
Techniques disclosed herein relate to photon sources with high spectral purity and high brightness. In one embodiment, a photon-pair source includes a pump waveguide, a first resonator coupled to the pump waveguide to couple pump photons from the pump waveguide into the first resonator, a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, and an output waveguide coupled to the second resonator. The second resonator is configured to convert the pump photons into photon pairs. The second resonator and the first resonator are configured to cause a coupling-induced resonance splitting in the second resonator or the first resonator. The second resonator and the output waveguide are configured to couple the photon pairs from the second resonator into the output waveguide. In some embodiments, the photo-pair source includes one or more tuners for tuning at least one of the first resonator or the second resonator.
1. A device comprising:
a pump waveguide configured to transport pump photons;
a first resonator coupled to the pump waveguide, wherein the first resonator and the pump waveguide are configured to couple the pump photons from the pump waveguide into the first resonator;
a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, wherein:
the second resonator and the first resonator are configured to cause a coupling-induced resonance splitting in the second resonator or the first resonator; and
the second resonator is configured to convert the pump photons into photon pairs; and
an output waveguide coupled to the second resonator, wherein the second resonator and the output waveguide are configured to couple the photon pairs from the second resonator into the output waveguide.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first resonator is characterized by a first quality factor lower than a second quality factor of the second resonator.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the coupling-induced resonance splitting in the second resonator or the first resonator occurs at a wavelength of the pump photons and broadens a pump resonance spectrum of the second resonator or the first resonator.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second resonator includes a non-linear optical material that causes spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) using the pump photons.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first resonator is coupled to the pump waveguide through a Mach Zehnder interferometer or a grating coupler.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the grating coupler is configured to cause contra-directional coupling of the pump photons from the pump waveguide to the first resonator.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second resonator is coupled to the output waveguide through a Mach Zehnder interferometer or a grating coupler.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein
the second resonator is coupled to the output waveguide through a third resonator; and
the third resonator is configured to cause resonance of the photon pairs but not the pump photons in the third resonator.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second resonator is coupled to the first resonator through a Mach Zehnder interferometer.
10. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a splitter coupled to the output waveguide, wherein the splitter is configured to direct photons that have different wavelengths in each photon pair to two different output channels.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the splitter includes a wavelength division demultiplexer (WDDM).
12. The device of claim 10 , further comprising a single photon detector coupled to one of the two different output channels.
13. The device of claim 12 , further comprising two or more electrodes, wherein:
the first resonator or the second resonator includes a tunable portion; and
the two or more electrodes are configured to apply a voltage signal at the tunable portion to cause a refractive index change in the tunable portion of the first resonator or the second resonator.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first resonator or the second resonator is elongated in a first direction, and the first resonator and the second resonator are coupled along the first direction.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first resonator and the second resonator include Euler bends.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein a coupling length between the pump waveguide and the first resonator, a coupling length between the first resonator and the second resonator, and a coupling length between the second resonator and the output waveguide are each greater than a respective threshold value.
17. A single-photon source comprising:
a plurality of heralded photon sources, each of the plurality of heralded photon sources comprising:
a pump waveguide configured to transport pump photons;
a first resonator coupled to the pump waveguide, wherein the first resonator and the pump waveguide are configured to couple the pump photons from the pump waveguide into the first resonator;
a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, wherein:
the second resonator and the first resonator are configured to cause a coupling-induced resonance splitting in the second resonator or the first resonator; and
the second resonator is configured to convert the pump photons into photon pairs; and
an output waveguide coupled to the second resonator, wherein the second resonator and the output waveguide are configured to couple the photon pairs from the second resonator into the output waveguide,
wherein the plurality of heralded photon sources is serially coupled, the pump waveguide of a heralded photon source in the plurality of heralded photon sources is coupled to the pump waveguide of a subsequent heralded photon source in the plurality of heralded photon sources, and the output waveguide of the heralded photon source is coupled to the output waveguide of the subsequent heralded photon source.
18. The single-photon source of claim 17 , wherein:
the first resonator is characterized by a first quality factor lower than a second quality factor of the second resonator; and
the coupling-induced resonance splitting in the second resonator or the first resonator occurs at a wavelength of the pump photons and broadens a pump resonance spectrum of the second resonator or the first resonator.
19. The single-photon source of claim 17 , wherein the first resonator is coupled to the pump waveguide through a Mach Zehnder interferometer or a grating coupler.
20. The single-photon source of claim 17 , wherein each of the plurality of heralded photon sources further comprises a wavelength division demultiplexer (WDDM) coupled to the output waveguide, wherein the WDDM is configured to direct photons that have different wavelengths in each photon pair to two different output channels.
21. The single-photon source of claim 20 , wherein each of the plurality of heralded photon sources further comprises a single photon detector coupled to one of the two different output channels.
22. The single-photon source of claim 21 , wherein each of the plurality of heralded photon sources further comprises two or more electrodes, wherein:
the first resonator or the second resonator includes a tunable portion; and
the two or more electrodes are configured to apply a voltage signal at the tunable portion to cause a refractive index change in the tunable portion of the first resonator or the second resonator.
23. The single-photon source of claim 22 , wherein each of the plurality of heralded photon sources further comprises a circuit configured to, based on an output of the single photon detector, apply the voltage signal at the tunable portion of a subsequent heralded photon source using the two or more electrodes.