Method and system for multiplexing signals
An entangled quantum system can be generated using entanglement-generating circuits that operate non-deterministically. Multiple instances of the entanglement generating circuit can be operated and outputs of successful instances can be propagated. The circuit can be implemented such that a photon that is part of the final output state passes through as few as one or two active switches from generation to the final output state.
1. An optical circuit comprising:
a plurality of seed state generators, each seed state generator configured to generate a seed state comprising a quantum system of a plurality of entangled photonic qubits propagating on a plurality of modes that includes a set of inner modes corresponding to a first subset of the qubits and a set of outer modes corresponding to a second subset of the qubits;
a plurality of entanglement circuits, wherein each entanglement circuit is configured to receive a plurality of input modes and to perform an entanglement-generating operation on the input modes, wherein the entanglement-generating operation includes a fusion operation that consumes at least one of the input modes and creates an entangled state among other modes with which each consumed input mode was entangled;
a first switching network coupled to the inner modes of the plurality of seed state generators and configured to selectably couple the inner modes of different ones of the seed state generators to the input modes of different ones of the entanglement circuits;
a second switching network including a plurality of multiplexers and a plurality of output paths, each multiplexer coupled to the outer modes of at least two of the seed state generators and configured to selectably couple the outer modes of one of the at least two of the seed state generators to one of the output paths, wherein different multiplexers couple to different output paths; and
classical control logic coupled to the seed state generators, the entanglement circuits, the first switching network, and the second switching network, the classical control logic being configured to:
receive heralding signals from the seed state generators and the entanglement circuits, the heralding signals indicative of success or failure of the seed state generators and the entanglement circuits;
determine, based on the heralding signals from the seed state generators, which inner modes should be selected by the first switching network; and
determine, based on the heralding signals from the entanglement circuits and the seed state generators, which outer mode should be selected by each of the second switching networks.
2. The optical circuit of claim 1 wherein each of the seed state generators comprises a Bell state generator.
3. The optical circuit of claim 1 wherein each of the seed state generators comprises a 3-GHZ state generator.
4. The optical circuit of claim 3 wherein each 3-GHZ state generator comprises two Bell state generators and a type-I fusion circuit coupled to one output mode of each of the Bell state generators.
5. The optical circuit of claim 1 wherein each entanglement circuit comprises a type II fusion circuit.
6. The optical circuit of claim 1 wherein each entanglement circuit comprises a type I fusion circuit.
7. The optical circuit of claim 1 wherein each multiplexer in the second switching network is further configured to selectably couple each selected outer mode to a selected one of a plurality of alternative output paths and wherein the classical control logic is further configured to determine which alternative output path should be selected by each multiplexer.
8. The optical circuit of claim 1 wherein the entanglement circuit comprises a plurality of successive entanglement operation stages and each entanglement operation stage is coupled to a next successive entanglement operation stage by an additional switching network.
9. The optical circuit of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of photon sources coupled to each of the seed state generators and configured to provide input photons to the seed state generators.
10. The optical circuit of claim 1 wherein the first switching network comprises a plurality of multiplexing circuits, each multiplexing circuit coupled to the inner modes of a different subset of the seed state generators and to the input modes of a different one of the entanglement circuits.
11. A method comprising:
operating a plurality of seed state generators to produce a plurality of seed states, each seed state including a quantum system of a plurality of entangled photonic qubits propagating on a plurality of modes that includes a set of inner modes corresponding to a first subset of the qubits and a set of outer modes corresponding to a second subset of the qubits;
receiving, by a classical control logic unit, heralding signals from the plurality of seed state generators;
determining, by the classical control logic unit, based on the heralding signals from the seed state generators, which of the seed state generators succeeded;
operating a first switching network, wherein the first switching network selectably couples the inner modes of different ones of the seed state generators to input modes of different ones of a plurality of entanglement circuits and wherein operation of the first switching network is responsive to determining which of the seed state generators succeeded;
operating the plurality of entanglement circuits, wherein each entanglement circuit performs an entanglement-generating operation on the input modes, wherein the entanglement-generating operation includes a fusion operation that consumes at least one of the input modes and creates an entangled state among other modes with which each consumed input mode was entangled;
receiving, by the classical control logic unit, heralding signals from the plurality of entanglement circuits;
determining, by the classical control logic unit, based on the heralding signals from the plurality of entanglement circuits, which of the entanglement circuits succeeded; and
operating a second switching network including a plurality of active multiplexers, wherein each active multiplexer selectably couples one of the outer modes of one of the seed state generators to an output path and wherein operation of the plurality of second switching networks is responsive to determining which of the entanglement circuits succeeded and determining which of the seed state generators succeeded.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein each of the seed states is a Bell state.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein each of the seed states is a 3-GHZ state.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the entanglement operation includes a type I fusion operation.
15. The method of claim 11 wherein the entanglement operation includes a type II fusion operation.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein each entanglement circuit performs a sequence of entanglement-generating operations on different ones of the input modes, the method further comprising:
selecting, by the classical control logic unit, particular input modes to be used in a next entanglement-generating operation in the sequence, wherein the selection is based at least in part on determining which instances of an earlier entanglement-generating operation in the sequence.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein each active multiplexer has a plurality of alternative output paths and wherein the method further comprises:
selecting, by the classical control logic unit, one of the plurality of alternative output paths for each active multiplexer.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein selecting one of the plurality of alternative output paths for each active multiplexer is based at least in part on a quantum computation to be performed.
19. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
generating a plurality of photons using a plurality of instances of a photon source; and
providing a subset of the plurality of photons to each of the seed state generators.