IP Library Granted Patent US 12,371,456
Granted Patent B2
US 12,371,456 · App. 18/078,475 · Granted Jul 29, 2025

Proteins for the treatment of epithelial barrier function disorders

Inventors: Andrew Wonhee Han (Brisbane, CA); Andrew W. Goodyear (Brisbane, CA); Tarunmeet Gujral (Brisbane, CA); Todd Zachary DeSantis (Brisbane, CA); Karim Dabbagh (Brisbane, CA)
Assignee: Genevive, Inc.
C07K14/195A61K31/606A61K38/164A61K45/06A61P1/04
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,371,456
App. No.
18/078,475
Granted
Jul 29, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

The disclosure related to therapeutic proteins and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said proteins, which have utility in treating various human diseases. In particular aspects, the disclosed therapeutic proteins are useful for treating human gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and gastrointestinal conditions associated with decreased epithelial cell barrier function or integrity. Further, the disclosed therapeutic proteins are useful for treating human inflammatory bowel disease, including inter alia, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Claims (17)

1. A method of treating a gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function disorder, comprising:

a. administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition, consisting of:

i. an isolated recombinant therapeutic protein comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and/or SEQ ID NO: 5; and

ii. a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function disorder is a disease associated with decreased intestinal epithelium integrity.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function disorder is at least one selected from the group consisting of: inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, irritable bowel syndrome, enteric infections, Clostridium difficile infection, celiac disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, short bowel syndrome, GI mucositis, chemotherapy induced mucositis, radiation induced mucositis, oral mucositis, and pediatric versions of the aforementioned diseases.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function disorder is inflammatory bowel disease.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function disorder is Crohn's disease.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function disorder is ulcerative colitis.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isolated therapeutic protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein administering comprises rectal, parenteral, intravenous, topical, oral, dermal, transdermal, or subcutaneous administration.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein administering is to the: mouth, gastrointestinal lumen, and/or intestines of the patient.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient experiences a reduction in at least one symptom associated with the gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function disorder.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient experiences a reduction in at least one symptom associated with the gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function disorder selected from the group consisting of: abdominal pain, blood in stool, pus in stool, fever, weight loss, frequent diarrhea, fatigue, reduced appetite, tenesmus, and rectal bleeding.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein administering reduces one or more of: gastrointestinal inflammation in the patient and intestinal mucosal inflammation in the patient.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein administering increases one or more of the production of mucin in intestinal tissue in the patient, intestinal epithelium wound healing in the patient, and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in the patient.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: administering at least one second therapeutic agent to the patient, said second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of: an anti-diarrheal, a 5-aminosalicylic acid compound, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antibiotic, an antibody, an anti-cytokine agent, an anti-inflammatory cytokine agent, a steroid, a corticosteroid, and an immunosuppressant.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jan 2, 2024
From: SECOND GENOME, INC.
To: GENEVIVE, INC.
Reel/Frame 065994/0042 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Dec 28, 2022
From: HAN, ANDREW WONHEE; GOODYEAR, ANDREW W.; GUJRAL, TARUNMEET; DESANTIS, TODD ZACHARY; DABBAGH, KARIM
To: SECOND GENOME, INC.
Reel/Frame 062220/0859 →
Continuity (3)
Continuation 16614226
Provisional Application 62508501 · May 19, 2017
Related Publication 20240043477A1 · Feb 8, 2024
References Cited (223)
US 4554101A · Hopp · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4684611A · Schilperoort · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4797368A · Carter · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4952500A · Finnerty · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5139941A · Muzycka · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5302523A · Coffee · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5322783A · Tomes · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5384253A · Krzyzek · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5464765A · Coffee · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5538877A · Lundquist · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5538880A · Lundquist · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5550318A · Adams · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5563055A · Townsend · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5580859A · Felgner · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5589466A · Felgner · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5591616A · Hiei · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5610042A · Chang · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5656610A · Shuler · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5702932A · Hoy · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5736524A · Content · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5767063A · Lee · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5780448A · Davis · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5789215A · Berns · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5945100A · Fick · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5981274A · Tyrrell · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5994136A · Naldini · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5994624A · Trolinder · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6013516A · Verma · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 20130164380A1 · Durum · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20200376044A1 · Han et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20220185849A1 · Han et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20240115625A1 · Han · 2024 [cited by examiner]
EP 0273085 · 1988 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199217598 · 1992 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199409699 · 1994 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199506128 · 1995 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017035188A1 · 2017 [cited by examiner]
Gao, Haiwei H. et al, Protein tolerance to random amino acid change. PNAS (2004) 101(25) p. 9205-9210. [cited by examiner]
Yampolsky, Lev Y. et al, “The exchangeability of amino acids in proteins.” Genetics (2005) 170 p. 1459-1472. [cited by examiner]
Grover, Sonal et al, “Role of inflammation in blader function and interstitial cystitis.” Ther. Adv. Urol. (2011) 3(1) p. 19-33. [cited by examiner]
Bacdive web page for Lachnospira eligens, https://bacdive.dsmz.de/strain/5425, downloaded May 24, 2022. [cited by examiner]
GenBank entry UAE97781, available 2021. [cited by examiner]
Thaiss, Christoph A. et al, “Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk for enteric infection.” Science (Mar. 2018) 359 p. 1376-1383. [cited by examiner]
Altschul et al., “Basic local alignment search tool,” Journal of molecular biology, Oct. 5, 1990, 215(3):403-410. [cited by applicant]
Altschul et al., “Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs,” Nucleic acids research, Sep. 1, 1997, 25(17):3389-3402. [cited by applicant]
Antonsson et al., “Induction of Apoptosis by Staurosporine Involves the Inhibition of Expression of the Major Cell Cycle Proteins at the G2/M Checkpoint Accompanied by Alterations in Erk and Akt Kinase Activities,” Anti… [cited by applicant]
Aroniadis et al., “Fecal microbiota transplantation: past, present and future,” Current opinion in gastroenterology, Jan. 1, 2013, 29(1):9 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Mindrinos et al “The [cited by applicant]
AUTM, “GPS Technology,” Retrieved from Internet URL: www.atum.bio/services/genegps, Retrieved on Jun. 16, 2020, 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Ayoubi, “Regulation of gene expression by alternative promoters,” The FASEB Journal, Mar. 1996, 10(4):9 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Barany and Merrifield, “A chromatographic method for the quantitative analysis of the deprotection of dithiasuccinoyl (Dts) amino acids,” May 1, 1979, 95(1):160-170. [cited by applicant]
Baron et al., “Variation Between Observers in Describing Mucosal Appearances in Proctocolitis,” British medical journal, Jan. 11, 1964, 1(5375):89-92. [cited by applicant]
Bates, “Genetic Transformation of Plants by Protoplast Electroporation,” Molecular Biotechnology, Oct. 1, 1994, 2(2):135-145. [cited by applicant]
Battraw et al., “Stable Transformation of Sorghum Bicolor Protoplasts With Chimeric Neomycin Phosphotransferase II and β-glucuronidase Genes,” Aug. 1, 1991, 82(2):161-168. [cited by applicant]
Beduneau et al., “A tunable Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture model mimicking variable permeabilities of the human intestine obtained by an original seeding procedure,” European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, J… [cited by applicant]
Berge et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,” Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jan. 1, 1977, 66(1):1-19. [cited by applicant]
Berger et al., “Oleic Acid Uptake Reveals the Rescued Enterocyte Phenotype of Colon Cancer Caco-2 by HT29-MTX Cells in Co-Culture Mode,” International journal of molecular sciences, Jul. 2017, 18(7):21 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Besmer et al., “Isolation and characterization of a mouse cell line containing a defective Moloney murine leukemia virus genome,” Journal of virology, Mar. 1, 1979, 29(3):1023-1034. [cited by applicant]
Best et al., “Development of a Crohn's disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study,” Gastroenterology, Mar. 1, 1976, 70(3):439-444. [cited by applicant]
Bhattacharjee et al., “Fertile Transgenic Indica Rice Produced by Expression of Maize Ubiquitin Promoter-bar Chimeric Gene in the Protoplasts,” Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jul. 1, 1997, 6(2): 69-73. [cited by applicant]
Bibiloni et al., “VSL#3 Probiotic-Mixture Induces Remission in Patients with Active Ulcerative Colitis,” American Journal of Gastroenterology, Jul. 1, 2005, 100(7):9 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Bielinska et al., “NF-KB-Mediated Activation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Enhancer: Site of Transcriptional Initiation Is Independent of the TATA Box,” Journal of virology, Sep. 1, 1989, 63(9):4097-4100. [cited by applicant]
Blomer et al., “Highly efficient and sustained gene transfer in adult neurons with a lentivirus vector,” Journal of virology, Sep. 1, 1997, 71(9):6641-6649. [cited by applicant]
Boltin et al., “Mucin Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease an Update,” J. Clin. Gastroenterol, Feb. 1, 2013, 47(2): 106-111. [cited by applicant]
Botoman et al., “Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease,” American family physician, Jan. 1, 1998, 57(1):7 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Bowie et al., “Deciphering the message in protein sequences: tolerance to amino acid substitutions,” Science Mar. 16, 1990, 247(4948): 1306-1310. [cited by applicant]
Bratt et al., A phase 1 trial with transgenic bacteria expressing interleukin-10 in Crohn's disease; Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2006, 4:754-759. [cited by applicant]
Cani et al., “Changes in Gut Micro biota Control Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Mice,” Diabetes, Jun. 1, 2008, 57(6):1470-1481. [cited by applicant]
Carbonelli et al., “A plasmid vector for isolation of strong promoters in [cited by applicant]
Chandler et al., “RNA splicing specificity determined by the coordinated action of RNA recognition motifs in SR proteins,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Apr. 15, 1997, 94(8):3596-3601. [cited by applicant]
Chassaign et al., “Dextran Sulfate Sodium(DSS)-Induced Colitis in Mice,” Curr Protoc Imunol, 2014, 104: Unit-15.25, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Chen et al., “High-Efficiency Transformation of Mammalian Cells by Plasmid DNA,” Molecular and cellular biology, Aug. 1, 1987, 7(8):2745-2752. [cited by applicant]
Chowdhury et al., “Fate of DNA Targeted to the Liver by Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-mediated Endocytosis in Vivo,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, May 25, 1993, 268(15):11265-11271. [cited by applicant]
Christou et al., “Stable transformation of soybean by electroporation and root formation from transformed callus,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Jun. 1, 1987, 84(12):3962-3966. [cited by applicant]
Close et al., “A new family of b-helix proteins with similarities to the polysaccharide lyases,” Biological Crystallography, Oct. 1, 2014, 70(10):11 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Coskun, “Intestinal epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease,” Frontiers in medicine, Aug. 25, 2014, 1:5 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Coupar et al., “A general method for the construction of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing multiple foreign genes,” Aug. 15, 1988, 68(1):1-10. [cited by applicant]
Danese et al., “Etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases,” WJG, Aug. 14, 2006, 12(30):4807-4812. [cited by applicant]
Daperno et al., “Results of the 2nd Part Scientific Workshop of the ECCO. II: Measures and Markers of Prediction to Achieve, Detect, and Monitor Intestinal Healing in Inflammatory Bowel Disease,” Journal of Crohn's and … [cited by applicant]
Delzenne et al., “Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics,” Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Nov. 2011, 7(11):9 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Dewi et al., “Peripheral blood mononuclear cells increase the permeability of dengue virus-infected endothelial cells in association with downregulation of vascular endothelial cadherin,” Journal of General Virology, Ma… [cited by applicant]
Dewi, et al. “In vitro assessment of human endothelial cell permeability: effects of inflammatory cytokines and dengue virus infection,” J. Virol. Methods, 2004, 121:171-180. [cited by applicant]
D'Halluin et al., “Transgenic Maize Plants by Tissue Electroporation,” The Plant Cell, Dec. 1, 1992, 4(12):12 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Durrer and Allen, “Genetically engineered probiotic for the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU); assessment of a novel treatment in vitro and in the PAHenu2 mouse model of PKU,” PloS one, May 17, 2017, 12(5):17 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Everard et al., “Cross-talk between [cited by applicant]
Everard et al., “Responses of Gut Microbiota and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism to Prebiotics in Genetic Obese and Diet-Induced Leptin-Resistant Mice,” Diabetes, Nov. 1, 2011, 60(11):2775-2786. [cited by applicant]
Fechheimer et al., “Transfection of mammalian cells with plasmid DNA by scrape loading and sonication loading,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Dec. 1, 1987, 84(23):8463-8467. [cited by applicant]
Fraley et al., “Entrapment of a bacterial plasmid in phospholipid vesicles: Potential for gene transfer,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Jul. 1, 1979, 76(7):3348-3352. [cited by applicant]
Francis et al., “Immunological Priming with Synthetic Peptides of Foot- and-Mouth Disease Virus,” Journal of general virology, Nov. 1, 1985, 66(11):2347-2354. [cited by applicant]
Friedmann, “Progress toward human gene therapy,” Science, Jun. 16, 1989, 244(4910):1275-1281. [cited by applicant]
Gassler et al., “Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with changes of enterocytic junctions,” American Journal of Physiology—Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Jul. 1, 2001, 281(1):G216-G228. [cited by applicant]
Gaston et al., “S-nitrosylation signaling in cell biology,” Molecular interventions, Aug. 1, 2003, 3(5):253-263. [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. ACR71212, “Hypothetical protein EUBELI_00176 [[ [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. CP001104, “[ [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. CP001105, “[ [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. CP001106, “[ [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. NR_074613, “[ [cited by applicant]
GenScript: www.genscript.com/codon-opt.html, “OptimumGene—Codon Optimization,” 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Glozak et al., “Acetylation and deacetylation of non-histone proteins.” Gene, Dec. 19, 2005, 363:15-23. [cited by applicant]
Gopal, “Gene transfer method for transient gene expression, stable transformation, and cotransformation of suspension cell cultures,” Molecular and cellular biology, May 1, 1985, 5(5):1188-1190. [cited by applicant]
Graham and Van DerEb, “Transformation of rat cells by DNA of human adenovirus 5,” Virology, Aug. 1, 1973, 54(2):536-539. [cited by applicant]
Graham et al., “A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA,” Virology, Apr. 1, 1973, 52(2):456-467. [cited by applicant]
Han et al.. , “Detergent-free biotin switch combined with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in the analysis of S-nitrosylated proteins.” Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, Apr. 30, 2008, 22(8):9 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Hanniffy et al., “Mucosal Delivery of a Pneumococcal Vaccine Using [cited by applicant]
Harland and Weintraub, “Translation of Is Specifically mRNA Injected into Xenopus Oocytes Inhibited by Antisense RNA,” the Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 101, 1094-1099, 1985. [cited by applicant]
Harvey et al., “Methods and Devices, A Simple Index of Crohn's-Disease Activity,” The Lancet, Mar. 8, 1980, 315(8167):514. [cited by applicant]
He et al., “Transformation of wheat ( [cited by applicant]
Henikoff et al., “Amino acid substitution matrices from protein blocks,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Nov. 15, 1992, 89(22):10915-10919. [cited by applicant]
Higgins et al., “CLUSTAL: a package for performing multiple sequence alignment on a microcomputer,” Gene, Dec. 15, 1988, 73(1):237-244. [cited by applicant]
Holdeman et al., “New Genus, [cited by applicant]
hopkinsmedicine.org [online], Ulcerative Colitis: Introduction Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2013, retrieved Mar. 30, 2020, retrieved from URL <www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gastroenterology_ hepato logy/_pdfs/small_largeintestine/… [cited by applicant]
Horhota et al., “Glycerol Nucleoside Triphosphates: Synthesis and Polymerase Substrate Activities,” Organic letters, Nov. 9, 2006, 8(23):5345-5347. [cited by applicant]
Horwich et al., “Synthesis of Hepadnavirus Particles That Contain ReplicationDefective Duck Hepatitis B Virus Genomes in Cultured HuH7 Cells,” Journal of virology, Feb. 1, 1990, 64(2):642-650. [cited by applicant]
Hsiao et al., “High-frequency transformation of yeast by plasmids containing the cloned yeast ARG4 gene,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Aug. 1, 1979, 76(8):3829-3833. [cited by applicant]
Huynh et al., “Probiotic Preparation VSL#3 Induces Remission in Children with Mild to Moderate Acute Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot Study,” Inflammatory bowel diseases, May 1, 2009, 15(5):760-768. [cited by applicant]
Imai et al., “Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein SIR2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase,” Nature, Feb. 2000, 403(6771):795-800. [cited by applicant]
Integrated DNA Technologies: https://www.idtdna.com/pages/tools/codon-optimization-tool, “Synthetic gene design made easy,” 4 pages, 2020, signon page. [cited by applicant]
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, “Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome,” Nature, Oct. 21, 2004, 431(7011):931-945. [cited by applicant]
Irvine et al., “Quality of life: A valid and reliable measure of therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease,” Gastroenterology, Feb. 1, 1994, 106(2): 287-296. [cited by applicant]
IUPAC, Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (CNOC) and IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical “Nomenclature of α-amino acids. (Recommendations, 1974),” Biochemistry, Jan. 1, 1975, 14(2):449-462. [cited by applicant]
Jaffrey et al., “The Biotin Switch Method for the Detection of S-Nitrosylated Proteins,” Science's STKE, Jun. 12, 2001, (86):10 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Jensen, “Modification-specific proteomics: characterization of post-translational modifications by mass spectrometry,” Curr Opin Chem Biology, Feb. 1, 2004, 8(1):33-41. [cited by applicant]
Johansson et al., “Bacteria penetrate the normally impenetrable inner colon mucus layer in both murine colitis models and patients with ulcerative colitis,” Gut, Feb. 1, 2014, 63(2):281-291. [cited by applicant]
Kaeppler et al., “Silicon carbide fiber-mediated DNA delivery into plant cells,” Plant Cell Reports, Dec. 1, 1990, 9(8):415-418. [cited by applicant]
Kaneda et al., “Increased expression of DNA cointroduced with nuclear protein in adult rat liver,” Science, Jan. 20, 1989, 243(4889):375-378. [cited by applicant]
Kaneda et al., “Introduction and expression of the human insulin gene in adult rat liver,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Jul. 25, 1989, 264(21):12126-12129. [cited by applicant]
Karlin et al., “Applications and statistics for multiple high-scoring segments in molecular sequences,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Jun. 15, 1993, 90(12):5873-5877. [cited by applicant]
Kato et al., “Direct Injection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA into Liver Induced Hepatitis in Adult Rat,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Nov. 25, 1991, 266(33):22071-22074. [cited by applicant]
Kiesler et al., “Experimental Models of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases,” Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology, Mar. 1, 2015, 1(2):154-170. [cited by applicant]
Kim et al., “Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-induced Model of IBD,” Journal of Visualized Experiments, Feb. 1, 2012, 1(60):6 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Klein et al., “High-velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells,” Nature, May 7, 1987, 327(6117):70-73. [cited by applicant]
Kyte et al., “A Simple Method for Displaying the Hydropathic Character of a Protein,” Journal of molecular biology, May 5, 1982, 157(1):105-132. [cited by applicant]
Laughlin et al., “Latent Infection of KB Cells with Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2,” Journal of virology, Nov. 1, 1986, 60(2):515-524. [cited by applicant]
Lebkowski et al., “Adeno-Associated Virus: a Vector System for Efficient Introduction and Integration of DNA into a Variety of Mammalian Cell Types,” Molecular and cellular biology, Oct. 1, 1988O, 8(10):3988-3996. [cited by applicant]
Lee et al., “Plant Regeneration From Indica Rice ( [cited by applicant]
Lee et al., “Transient Gene Expression in Aleurone Protoplasts Isolated From Developing Caryopses of Barley and Wheat,” Plant Molecular Biology, Jul. 1, 1989, 13(1):21-29. [cited by applicant]
Lerner et al., “Dysbiosis May Trigger Autoimmune Diseases via Inappropriate Post-Translational Modification of Host Proteins,” Frontiers in Microbiology, Feb. 5, 2016, 7:84, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Levesque et al., “Converging goals of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from clinical trials and practice,” Gastroenterology, Jan. 1, 2015, 148(1):37-51. [cited by applicant]
Louvet, “Stable DNA-Binding Yeast Vector Allowing High-Bait Expression for Use in the Two-Hybrid System,” BioTechniques, Nov. 1997, 23(5):816-820. [cited by applicant]
Machiels et al., “A decrease of the butyrate-producing species [cited by applicant]
Mahowald et al., “Characterizing a model human gut microbiota composed of members of its two dominant bacterial phyla,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Apr. 7, 2009, 106(14):5859-5864. [cited by applicant]
Maloy et al., “Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease” Nature, Jun. 2011, 474(7351):298-306. [cited by applicant]
Mandic et al., “Evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasiveness by the electrical resistance breakdown assay,” Clinical & experimental metastasis, Jun. 1, 2005, 21(8):699-704. [cited by applicant]
Mann et al., “Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus,” Cell, May 1, 1983, 33(1):153-159. [cited by applicant]
Mansour et at., “Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: a general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes,” Nature, Nov. 24, 1988, 336(6197):348-352. [cited by applicant]
Martini et al., “Mend Your Fences: The Epithelial Barrier and its Relationship With Mucosal Immunity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease,” Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology, Jul. 1, 2017, 4(1):33-46. [cited by applicant]
Matts, “The value of rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis,” QJM, 1961, 30: 393-407. [cited by applicant]
McLaughlin et al., “Adeno-Associated Virus General Transduction Vectors: Analysis of Proviral Structures,” Journal of virology, Jun. 1, 1988, 62(6):1963-1973. [cited by applicant]
Merrifield, “Solid Phase Synthesis,” Science, Apr. 18, 1986, 232:341-347. [cited by applicant]
Meyers et al., “Optimal alignments in linear space,” Cabios, Mar. 1, 1988, 4(1):11-17. [cited by applicant]
Moayyedi et al., “Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Induces Remission in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial,” Gastroenterology, Jul. 1, 2015, 149(1):102-109. [cited by applicant]
Molodecky et al., “Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review”, Gastroenterology, Jan. 1, 2012, 142(1):51 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Munro et al., “Expression cloning of the murine interferon y receptor cDNA,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Dec. 1, 1989, 86(23):9248-9252. [cited by applicant]
Myers et al., “Optimal alignments in linear space,” Bioinformatics, Mar. 1, 1988, 4(1):11-17. [cited by applicant]
Nabel et al., “Recombinant gene expression in vivo within endothelial cells of the arterial wall,” Science, Jun. 1989, 244(4910):1342-1344. [cited by applicant]
Naldini et al., “Efficient transfer, integration, and sustained long-term expression of the transgene in adult rat brains injected with a lentiviral vector,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Oct. 15, 199… [cited by applicant]
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion in International Application No. PCT/US18/33347, dated Oct. 15, 2018, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT Invitation to Pay Additional Fees in International Application No. PCT/US18/33347, dated Aug. 6, 2018, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Pearson et al., “Improved tools for biological sequence comparison,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Apr. 1, 1988, 85(8):2444-2448. [cited by applicant]
Perales et al., “Gene transfer in vivo: sustained expression and regulation of genes introduced into the liver by receptor-targeted uptake,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Apr. 26, 1994, 91(9):4086-409… [cited by applicant]
Phillpotts et al., “A test for the relative potency of herpes simplex virus vaccines based upon the female guinea-pig model of HSV 2 genital infection,” Journal of Biological Standardization, Jan. 1, 1988, 16(2):109-118. [cited by applicant]
Plovier et al., “A purified membrane protein from [cited by applicant]
Potrykus et al., “Direct gene transfer to cells of a graminaceous monocot,” Molecular and General Genetics MGG, May 1, 1985, 199(2):183-188. [cited by applicant]
Potrykus et al., “Molecular and general genetics of a hybrid foreign gene introduced into tobacco by direct gene transfer,” Molecular and General Genetics MGG, May 1, 1985, 199(2):169-177. [cited by applicant]
Qazi et al., “The risk of inflammatory bowel disease flares after fecal microbiota transplantation: Systematic review and meta-analysis,” Gut Microbes, Nov. 2, 2017, 8(6):16 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Rachmilewitz, “Coated mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) versus sulphasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial,” British Medical Journal, Janaury 14, 1989, 298(6666):82-86. [cited by applicant]
Rippe et al., “DNA-Mediated Gene Transfer into Adult Rat Hepatocytes in Primary Culture,” Molecular and Cellular Biology, Feb. 1, 1990, 10(2):689-695. [cited by applicant]
Roux et al., “A versatile and potentially general approach to the targeting of specific cell types by retroviruses: Application to the infection of human cells by means of major histocompatibility complex class I and cl… [cited by applicant]
Sands et al., “Infliximab Maintenance Therapy for Fistulizing Crohn's Disease,” New England Journal of Medicine, Feb. 26, 2004, 350(9):876-885. [cited by applicant]
Sands, “From symptom to diagnosis: clinical distinctions among various forms of intestinal inflammation,” Gastroenterology, May 1, 2004, 126(6): 1518-1532. [cited by applicant]
Saunders et al., “Rapid Optimization of Electroporation Conditions for Plant Cells, Protoplasts, and Pollen,” Molecular Biotechnol, Apr. 1, 1995, 3(3):181-190. [cited by applicant]
Schroeder et al., “Coated Oral 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Therapy for Mildly to Moderately Active Ulcerative Colitis,” N Engl J Med, Dec. 24, 1987, 317(26):1625-1629. [cited by applicant]
Shawki et al., “Mechanisms of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction by Adherent-Invasive [cited by applicant]
Sheth et al., “Manipulating bacterial communities by in situ microbiome engineering,” Trends in Genetics, Apr. 1, 2016, 32(4):189-200. [cited by applicant]
Shigemori et al., “Oral delivery of [cited by applicant]
Simmonds et al., “Paneth cell metaplasia in newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease in children,” BMC Gastroenterol, Dec. 14, 2014, 14(1):6 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Srinivasan et al., “TEER measurement techniques for in vitro barrier model systems,” Journal of Laboratory Automation, Apr. 2015, 20(2):35 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Srutkova et al., “ [cited by applicant]
Steidler et al., “Treatment of Murine Colitis by [cited by applicant]
Strober et al., Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Gastroenterology May 1, 2011, 140(6):1756-1767. [cited by applicant]
Sutherland et al., “5-Aminosalicylic acid enema in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis,” Gastroenterology, Jun. 1, 1987, 92(6):1894-1998. [cited by applicant]
Tam et al., “SN 1 and SN 2 mechanisms for the deprotection of synthetic peptides by hydrogen fluoride,” International journal of peptide and protein research, Jan. 1983, 21(1):57-65. [cited by applicant]
Tam et al., “SN2 Deprotection of Synthetic Peptides with a Low Concentration of HF in Dimethyl Sulfide: Evidence and Application in Peptide Synthesis,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, Oct. 1983, 105(21):6442-6… [cited by applicant]
ThermoFisher.com [online], “Invitrogen GeneArt Gene Synthesis,” 2017, retreived on Jun. 18, 2020, retrieved from URL <www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/lifo-science/cloning/genesynthesis/geneart-gene-synthesis/geneoptimiz… [cited by applicant]
Thia et al., “Measurement of Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis: Interobserver Agreement and Predictors of Severity,” Inflammatory bowel diseases, Jun. 2011, 17(6):8 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Tratschin et al., “A human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus, as a eucaryotic vector: transient expression and encapsidation of the procaryotic gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase,” Molecular and cellular biolog… [cited by applicant]
Tratschin et al., “Genetic analysis of adeno-associated virus: properties of deletion mutants constructed in vitro and evidence for an adeno-associated virus replication function,” Journal of Virology, Sep. 1, 1984, 51(… [cited by applicant]
Travis et al., “Developing an instrument to assess the endoscopic severity of ulcerative colitis: the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS),” Gut, Apr. 1, 2012, 61(4):535-542. [cited by applicant]
Tsukada et al., “Introduction of Foreign Genes into Tomato Protoplasts by Electroporation,” Plant and Cell Physiology, Jun. 1, 1989, 30(4):599-603. [cited by applicant]
Tur-Kaspa et al., “Use of electroporation to introduce biologically active foreign genes into primary rat hepatocytes,” Molecular and cellular biology, Feb. 1, 1986, 6(2):716-718. [cited by applicant]
UniProt.org [online], “C4Z222_EUBE2,” May 10, 2017, Retrieved from the Internet Aug. 2, 2018, retrieved from URL<https://www.uniprot.org/uniproVC4Z222.txt?version=34>, in entirety, especially, aa 25-655, 100% identity t… [cited by applicant]
Van Solingen et al., “Fusion of Yeast Spheroplasts,” Journal of Bacteriology, May 1, 1977, 130(2):946-947. [cited by applicant]
Vandenbroucke et al., “Active delivery of trefoil factors by genetically modified Lactococcus lactis prevents and heals acute colitis in mice,” Gastroenterology, Aug. 1, 2004, 127(2):502-513. [cited by applicant]
Wagner et al., “Coupling of adenovirus to transferrin-polylysine/DNA complexes greatly enhances receptor-mediated gene delivery and expression of transfected genes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Jul.… [cited by applicant]
Wagner et al., “Transferrin-polycation conjugates as carriers for DNA uptake into cells,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, May 1, 1990, 87(9):3410-3414. [cited by applicant]
Welch et al., “Vaccine induced HSV 1 antibodies fail to correlate with protection against HSV 2 in guinea pigs,” FEMS microbiology immunology, Dec. 1, 1988, 1(3):157-162. [cited by applicant]
Wilson et al., “Implantation of vascular grafts lined with genetically modified endothelial cells,” Science, Jun. 1989, 244(4910):1344-1346. [cited by applicant]
Witte et al., “Identification of an Abelson murine leukemia virus-encoded protein present in transformed fibroblast and lymphoid cells,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, May 1, 1978, 75(5):2488-2492. [cited by applicant]
Wong et al., “Appearance of β-lactamase activity in animal cells upon liposome-mediated gene transfer,” Gene, Jul. 1, 1980, 10(2):87-94. [cited by applicant]
Wu et al., “Receptor-mediated Gene Delivery and Expression in Vivo,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, Oct. 15, 1988, 263(29):14621-14624. [cited by applicant]
Wu et al., “Receptor-mediated in Vitro Gene Transformation by a Soluble DNA Carrier System,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, Apr. 5, 1987, 262(10):4429-4432. [cited by applicant]
Yan et at, “Colon-specific delivery of a probiotic-derived soluble protein ameliorates intestinal inflammation in mice through an EGFR-dependent mechanism,” The Journal of clinical investigation, Jun. 1, 2011, 121(6): 1… [cited by applicant]
Yang et al., “Lysine Acetylation: Codified Crosstalk with Other Posttranslational Modifications,” Molecular cell, Aug. 22, 2008, 31(4):449-461. [cited by applicant]
Zenke et al., “Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin-polycation conjugates: An efficient way to introduce DNA into hematopoietic cells,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, May 1, 1990, 87(10):3655-3… [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., “Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain,” International anesthesiology clinics, 2007, 45(2):10 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., “Interactions between Intestinal Microbiota and Host Immune Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease,” Frontiers in immunology, Aug. 14, 2017, 8(942):13 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Zhou et al., “Stably transformed callus of wheat by electroporation-induced direct gene transfer,” Plant Cell Reports, Sep. 1, 1993, 12(11):612-616. [cited by applicant]
Zolotarevsky et al., “A Membrane-Permeant Peptide That Inhibits MLC Kinase Restores Barrier Function in In Vitro Models of Intestinal Disease.” Gastroenterology, Jul. 1, 2002, 123(1):163-172. [cited by applicant]
Canadian Society of Intestinal Research, https://badgut.org/infornnation-centre/a-z-digestive-topics/diabetes-and-the-gut/, available 2018, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
Levenson et al., “Internal Ribosomal Entry Site-Containing Retroviral Vectors with Green Fluorescent Protein and Drug Resistance Markers,” Human Gene Therapy, May 20, 1998, 9(8):1233-1236. [cited by applicant]
Naldini et al., “In Vivo Gene Delivery and Stable Transduction of Nondividing Cells by a Lentiviral Vector,” Science, Apr. 12, 1996, 272(5259):263-267. [cited by applicant]
Narula et al., “Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Active Ulcerative Colitis,” Inflammatory bowel diseases, Oct. 1, 2017, 23(10):1702-1709. [cited by applicant]
Needleman et al., “A General Method Applicable to the Search for Similarities in the Amino Acid Sequence of Two Proteins,” Journal of Molecular Biology Mar. 28, 1970, 48(3):444-453. [cited by applicant]
Neurath, “Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease,” Nature Reviews Immunology, May 2014, 14(5):329-342. [cited by applicant]
Nicolau and Sene, “Liposome-mediated DNA transfer in eukaryotic cells: Dependence of the transfer efficiency upon the type of liposomes used and the host cell cycle stage,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Molecular … [cited by applicant]
Omirulleh et al., “Activity of a chimeric promoter with the doubled CaMV 35S enhancer element in protoplast-derived cells and transgenic plants in maize,” Feb. 1, 1993, 21(3):415-428. [cited by applicant]
Paine, “Colonoscopic evaluation in ulcerative colitis,” Gastroenterology report, Aug. 1, 2014, 2(3):161-168. [cited by applicant]
Pan et al., “Oral administration of [cited by applicant]
Patterson et al., “Human Gut Symbiont [cited by applicant]
Potter et al., “Enhancer-dependent expression of human Kc immunoglobulin genes introduced into mouse pre-B lymphocytes by electroporation,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Nov. 1, 1984, 81(22):7161-7165. [cited by applicant]
Reid, Andrea E.; “Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.” Gastroenterology (2001) 121 p. 710-723. [cited by applicant]
Watanabe, Sunni et al; “Metabolic syndrome and gastrointestinal diseases.” J. Gastroenterol. (2007) 42 p. 267-274. [cited by applicant]
Zufferey et al., “Multiply attenuated lentiviral vector achieves efficient gene delivery in vivo,” Nature Biotechnology, Sep. 1997, 15(9):871-875. [cited by applicant]