IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,372,430
Granted Patent B2
US 12,372,430 · App. 18/133,076 · Granted Jul 29, 2025

Pressure sensor for an inflatable structure

Inventors: Xiaopeng Li (Ann Arbor, MI); Taehwa Lee (Ann Arbor, MI); Ziqi Yu (Ann Arbor, MI); Yuyang Song (Ann Arbor, MI)
Assignees: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.; Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
G01M7/025G01L9/0022G01L9/06G01L9/08
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,372,430
App. No.
18/133,076
Granted
Jul 29, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Systems described herein relate to sensing pressure. In one arrangement, a pressure sensor is disclosed. The pressure sensor includes a circuit including a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor. The circuit generates an electrical resonance. The resistor is an elastomer having a resistance and connected to an outer surface of an inflatable. The pressure sensor also includes a resonator connected to the circuit. The resonator generates a mechanical resonance coupling with the electrical resonance to create a detuning frequency having a sublinear dependence on the resistance of the elastomer. A pressure of the inflatable correlates with the detuning frequency.

Claims (29)

1. A pressure sensor, comprising:

a circuit including a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor, wherein the circuit generates an electrical resonance, and wherein the resistor is an elastomer having a resistance and connected to an outer surface of an inflatable; and

a resonator connected to the circuit that generates a mechanical resonance coupling with the electrical resonance to create a detuning frequency having a sublinear dependence on the resistance of the elastomer, and wherein the detuning frequency correlates with a pressure measurement of the inflatable.

2. The pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein coupling of the mechanical resonance with the electrical resonance results in frequency splitting at an exceptional point, and wherein the frequency splitting results in the detuning frequency.

3. The pressure sensor of claim 2 , wherein the electrical resonance and the mechanical resonance have real and imaginary eigenfrequencies and are coupled together, and wherein the exceptional point occurs at the coalescence of the real and imaginary eigenfrequencies.

4. The pressure sensor of claim 2 , wherein the exceptional point is a function the resistance and the mechanical resonance.

5. The pressure sensor of claim 2 , wherein the exceptional point occurs when the electrical resonance is greater than the mechanical resonance.

6. The pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein the outer surface changes tension according to the pressure of the inflatable, thereby causing a change in resistance of the elastomer, wherein the change in resistance correlates with the detuning frequency, and wherein the detuning frequency correlates with a pressure measurement of the inflatable.

7. The pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein, when the outer surface has a high tension, the elastomer has a high resistance, and the inflatable has a high pressure measurement, and wherein, when the outer surface has a low tension, the elastomer has a low resistance, and the inflatable has a low pressure measurement.

8. The pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sublinear dependence is a square-root dependence.

9. The pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein the resonator is a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) component including a cantilevered beam that vibrates at a resonance frequency when excited, and further comprising a excitation source connected to the resonator and configured to vibrate the cantilevered beam to generate the mechanical resonance.

10. The pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor is a piezoelectric patch bonded to a surface of the resonator.

11. The pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein the inductor, the resistor, and the capacitor are connected in series.

12. A pressure sensor, comprising:

a shunting circuit including a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor connected in series, wherein the circuit generates an electrical resonance, and wherein the resistor is an elastomer having a resistance and connected to an outer surface of an inflatable; and

a resonator connected to and shunted by the shunting circuit, wherein the resonator generates a mechanical resonance that interacts with the electrical resonance to result in frequency splitting at an exceptional point, wherein the frequency splitting results in a detuning frequency having a sublinear dependence on the resistance of the elastomer, and wherein the detuning frequency correlates with a pressure of the inflatable.

13. The pressure sensor of claim 12 , wherein the electrical resonance and the mechanical resonance have real and imaginary eigenfrequencies, and wherein the exceptional point occurs at the coalescence of the real and imaginary eigenfrequencies.

14. The pressure sensor of claim 12 , wherein the sublinear dependence is a square-root dependence.

15. The pressure sensor of claim 12 , wherein the resonator is a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) component including a cantilevered beam that vibrates at a resonance frequency when excited, and further comprising a excitation source connected to the resonator and configured to vibrate the cantilevered beam to generate the mechanical resonance.

16. The pressure sensor of claim 12 , wherein the capacitor is a piezoelectric patch bonded to a surface of the resonator.

17. A pressure sensor, comprising:

a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) resonator including a cantilevered beam that vibrates at a resonance frequency when excited to generate a mechanical resonance;

a circuit comprising:

a resistor, wherein the resistor is an elastomer having a resistance and connected to an outer surface of an inflatable;

an inductor connected in series to the resistor; and

a capacitor connected in series to the inductor, wherein the capacitor is a piezoelectric patch, wherein the circuit generates an electrical resonance that couples with the mechanical resonance to create frequency splitting at an exceptional point, wherein the frequency splitting results in a detuning frequency having a sublinear dependence on the resistance of the elastomer, and wherein a pressure of the inflatable correlates with the detuning frequency.

18. The pressure sensor of claim 17 , wherein the electrical resonance and the mechanical resonance have real and imaginary eigenfrequencies, and wherein the exceptional point occurs at the coalescence of the real and imaginary eigenfrequencies.

19. The pressure sensor of claim 17 , wherein the sublinear dependence is a square-root dependence.

20. The pressure sensor of claim 17 , further comprising a excitation source connected to the resonator and configured to vibrate the cantilevered beam to generate the mechanical resonance.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Aug 19, 2025
From: TOYOTA MOTOR ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING NORTH AMERICA, INC.
To: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Reel/Frame 072054/0493 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 12, 2023
From: LI, XIAOPENG; LEE, TAEHWA; YU, ZIQI; SONG, YUYANG
To: TOYOTA MOTOR ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING NORTH AMERICA, INC.; TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Reel/Frame 063626/0641 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63447489 · Feb 22, 2023
Related Publication 20240280426A1 · Aug 22, 2024
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