Interference devices for wavelength locking
Configurations for a modal interference device used for wavelength locking are disclosed. The modal interference device may be an interference device that includes an input waveguide, an interference waveguide, and an output waveguide. A fundamental mode of light may be launched into the input waveguide and the interference waveguide may receive the fundamental mode and generate a higher order mode of light, where the two modes of light may be superimposed while propagating through the interference waveguide. The two modes of light may be received at an output waveguide that collapses the two modes into a single mode and generates an output signal corresponding to the interference between the two modes of light. The output signal may be used to wavelength lock a measured wavelength to a target wavelength. The multiple output waveguides may produce output signals that have dead zones that do not align with one another for any wavelength in the wavelength range of interest.
1. A wavelength locking device, comprising:
an input waveguide configured to support a first single mode of light;
an interference waveguide with a first end optically coupled to the input waveguide and configured to:
receive the first single mode of light from the input waveguide; and
convert the first single mode of light into at least three different modes of light; and
a first output waveguide, a second output waveguide, and a third output waveguide, each optically coupled to a second end of the interference waveguide and configured to:
receive the at least three different modes of light from the interference waveguide;
support a second single mode of light; and
output the second single mode of light to wavelength lock a measured wavelength of light to a target wavelength.
2. The wavelength locking device of claim 1 , wherein:
light propagating from the input waveguide to the interference waveguide is converted into a TE00 mode of light, a TE01 mode of light, and a TE02 mode of light; and
the TE00, TE01, and TE02 modes of light are superimposed within the interference waveguide.
3. The wavelength locking device of claim 1 , wherein:
the input waveguide is positioned so that a center axis of a first end of the interference waveguide is offset from a center axis of the input waveguide.
4. The wavelength locking device of claim 1 , comprising a fourth output waveguide optically coupled to the interference waveguide.
5. The wavelength locking device of claim 4 , wherein the second output waveguide and the fourth output waveguide are each positioned at a corresponding null of a first mode of the at least three different modes of light.
6. The wavelength locking device of claim 1 , wherein:
two output waveguides of the first output waveguide, the second output waveguide, and the third output waveguide are positioned asymmetrically relative to a center of the second end of the interference waveguide.
7. The wavelength locking device of claim 6 , wherein:
the at least three different modes of light are a TE00 mode of light, a TE01 mode of light, and a TE02 mode of light;
the first output waveguide is placed at a null of the TE02 mode of light; and
the first output waveguide and the third output waveguide are positioned asymmetrically with respect to each other.
8. A wavelength locking device, comprising:
an input waveguide configured to:
receive light; and
support a first single mode of light;
an interference waveguide with a first end optically coupled to the input waveguide and configured to:
receive the first single mode of light from the input waveguide; and
support at least two different modes of light;
a mode separator optically coupled to a second end of the interference waveguide, comprising a first waveguide directly connected to the interference waveguide and a second waveguide optically coupled to the first waveguide, and configured to:
separate the at least two different modes of light;
output a first mode of light of the at least two different modes of light in the first waveguide; and
output a second mode of light of the at least two different modes of light in the second waveguide; and
a splitter configured to receive light from the first waveguide and the second waveguide, and to generate multiple output signals having wavelength relationships that are phase shifted relative to one another; wherein:
the multiple output signals are used to wavelength lock a measured wavelength of light to a target wavelength.
9. The wavelength locking system of claim 8 , wherein:
the input waveguide is positioned so that a center axis of the input waveguide is offset relative to a center axis of the interference waveguide, thereby generating at least two modes of light in the interference waveguide and reducing insertion loss;
the interference waveguide receives the first mode of light and generates the second mode of light;
the interference waveguide outputs a combined first mode of light and the second mode of light; and
the splitter has two waveguide inputs and three waveguide outputs.
10. The wavelength locking system of claim 8 , wherein:
the input waveguide is configured to receive a fundamental mode of light; and
the input waveguide is narrower than the interference waveguide.
11. The wavelength locking system of claim 8 , wherein:
the splitter generates three output signals
wavelength relationships with unique phase shifts.
12. The wavelength locking system of claim 8 , wherein:
the splitter comprises:
a free propagation region having an output end;
a first output waveguide positioned so that a center axis of the output end of the free propagation region is aligned with a center axis of the first output waveguide;
a second output waveguide positioned at the output end and symmetrically offset with respect to the center axis of the output end; and
a third output waveguide with a center axis positioned at the output end and symmetrically offset with respect to the center axis of the output end.
13. A method for wavelength locking, comprising:
receiving, by a first waveguide, a first mode of light;
receiving, by a second waveguide, the first mode of light;
generating, by the second waveguide, a second mode of light;
generating an output signal between the first mode of light and the second mode of light; and
using the output signal to wavelength lock a measured wavelength of light to a target wavelength, wherein generating the output signal further comprises:
generating a first output signal corresponding to an interference between a TE00 mode of light and a TE01 mode of light;
generating a second output signal corresponding to the interference between the TE00 mode of light and a TE02 mode of light; and
generating a third output signal corresponding to the interference between the TE01 mode of light and the TE02 mode of light.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
collapsing, by a third waveguide, the first mode of light and the second mode of light into a single mode of light.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
superimposing, by the second waveguide, the first mode of light and the second mode of light while the first and second modes of light propagate through the second waveguide.