Granted Patent B2

US 12,378,949 · App. 18/459,059 · Granted Aug 5, 2025

Inventors: Pawandeep Singh Matharu (Dallas, TX); Yonas Tadesse (Garland, TX); Yuyang Song (Ann Arbor, MI); Umesh Gandhi (Farmington Hills, MI)

Assignees: TOYOTA MOTOR ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING NORTH AMERICA, INC.; UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM; TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

F03G7/0612F03G7/008

Abstract

Claims (33)

1. A method of fabricating a cannula TCP actuator, comprising:

inserting a resistive heating wire into a polymer microtube such that the resistive heating wire extends through the length of the polymer microtube;

forming a microtube assembly by:

applying a longitudinal force to a first end of the polymer microtube, said longitudinal force being applied in a direction parallel to a center axis of the polymer microtube and in an opposite direction relative to a second end of the polymer microtube; and

applying a rotational force to the second end of the polymer microtube during application of the longitudinal force and while the resistive heating wire remains inserted in the polymer microtube to cause the polymer microtube to twist and coil about the center axis; and

annealing the microtube assembly to form the cannula TCP actuator.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising securing the resistive heating wire to maintain the position of the electronically resistive wire within the polymer microtube.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a rotational force to the second end of the polymer microtube occurs while the first end of the polymer microtube is kept from rotating.

4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising attaching a motor to the second end of the polymer microtube, wherein the rotational force is applied to the polymer microtube via the motor.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the motor causes the rotational force to be applied to the polymer microtube in a counterclockwise direction.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the longitudinal force is applied by attaching a weight to the first end of the polymer microtube.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the weight is secured such that the weight does not rotate when the rotational force is applied.

8. The method of claim 3 , further comprising training the cannula TCP actuator.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein training the cannula TCP actuator comprises:

placing a load on the cannula TCP actuator; and

alternating application of an electrical power to the resistive heating wire and withdrawal of the electrical power from the resistive heating wire, wherein the alternating operation is repeated for a first plurality of cycles.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising modifying the electrical power and repeating the alternating operation using the modified electrical power for a second plurality of cycles.

11. The method of claim 8 , further comprising testing the cannula TCP actuator to determine characteristics of the cannula TCP actuator.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein testing the cannula TCP actuator comprises:

placing a load on the cannula TCP actuator; and

applying a varying electrical power to the resistive heating wire.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the characteristics of the cannula TCP actuator include one or more of performance of the cannula TCP actuator at different actuation frequencies or performance of the cannula TCP actuator at different load levels.

14. The method of claim 3 , wherein the resistive heating wire comprises nichrome wire and wherein the polymer microtube comprises one of polyethylene or nylon.

15. A cannula TCP actuator, comprising an annealed microtube assembly comprising a polymer microtube having inserted therein a resistive heating wire such that the resistive heating wire extends through the length of the polymer microtube, wherein the microtube assembly is arranged in a twisted and coiled tube, and wherein the resistive heating wire is secured to maintain the position of the electronically resistive wire within the polymer microtube.

16. The cannula TCP actuator of claim 15 , wherein the polymer microtube is crimped at each end to secure the resistive heating wire.

17. The cannula TCP actuator of claim 15 , wherein the resistive heating wire comprises nichrome wire and wherein the polymer microtube comprises one of polyethylene or nylon.

18. A method of operating a machine including a cannula TCP actuator, comprising:

attaching a first end of a cannula TCP actuator to a machine;

attaching a second end of the cannula TCP actuator to an object;

applying an electrical power to a resistive heating wire in the cannula TCP actuator to cause the cannula TCP actuator to contract and apply a force to the object;

wherein the cannula TCP actuator includes an annealed microtube assembly comprising a polymer microtube having inserted therein the resistive heating wire such that the resistive heating wire extends through the length of the polymer microtube, wherein the microtube assembly is arranged in a twisted and coiled tube.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein a plurality of cannula TCP actuators are attached in parallel to the machine and to the object, and wherein the electrical power is applied to each resistive heating wire in the plurality of cannula TCP actuators.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the electrical power is applied with a frequency in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 Hz.

Assignments (4)

Continuity (1)

References Cited (37)