System and method for long-range wireless power transfer
A long-range wireless power transfer system 100 is disclosed. The system 100 comprises at least a transmitting antenna 110 that is configured to receive electric power from a power source as an input, convert the input electric power into electromagnetic energy, and radiate the electromagnetic energy into free space as a directional beam that is a collimated or substantially collimated beam. The rectifying antenna 130 is positioned or configured to be positioned at a distance from the transmitting antenna 110 . The rectifying antenna 130 is configured to receive the directional beam and convert the electromagnetic energy into electricity. In certain embodiments, the system 100 utilise one or more phase correcting devices 120, 122 to maintain the directional beam as the collimated beam and to increase a range to which the directional beam is maintained as the collimated or substantially collimated beam.
1. A long-range wireless power transfer system comprising:
a transmitting antenna that is configured to operate in a radiating near-field region, the transmitting antenna being a phased array antenna having an array of antenna elements that are radiating elements, the phased array antenna being configured to receive electric power from a power source as an input, convert the input electric power into electromagnetic energy, and radiate the electromagnetic energy into free space as a directional beam that is a collimated or substantially collimated beam in the near-field region, the collimated or substantially collimated beam being produced by controlling phase and amplitude of each of the antenna elements to achieve a spherical phase distribution across an aperture plane of the transmitting antenna, thereby focusing and enhancing a range of the collimated or substantially collimated beam towards a rectifying antenna; and
the rectifying antenna positioned or configured to be positioned at a distance from the transmitting antenna that is within the near-field region, the rectifying antenna configured to receive the directional beam and convert the electromagnetic energy into electricity.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each antenna element has an electronically controlled phase shifter to facilitate electronic steering of the directional beam.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each antenna element is a radome element formed as a hemispherical shell or a substantially hemispherical shell.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising at least one phase correcting device positioned or configured to be positioned at a first distance from the transmitting antenna and at a second distance from the rectifying antenna, the at least one phase correcting device being a multi-layer structure having at least three layers with a central dielectric core sandwiched between at least two layers on two opposite portions of the dielectric core with at least one of the layers being a dielectric skin made of at least one dielectric material, the at least one phase correcting device being configured to:
receive the directional beam radiated from the transmitting antenna in the radiating near-field region,
perform a phase correcting operation on the directional beam, the phase correcting operation being maintaining the directional beam as the collimated beam and increasing a range to which the directional beam is maintained as the collimated or substantially collimated beam, and
transmit the phase corrected directional beam toward the rectifying antenna; wherein the rectifying antenna is configured to receive the directional beam from the phase correcting device in the radiating near-field region.
5. The system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the at least one phase correcting device is a straight through phase correcting device that allows the directional beam that is incident on it to travel through in a straight direction.
6. The system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the at least one dielectric skin comprises metasurface to simultaneously provide phase shift whilst maintaining an impedance matched structure for minimal loss of power.
7. The system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the central dielectric core is of at least three layers with at least one metamaterial layer or metasurface sandwiched between two dielectric support layers.
8. The system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the at least one phase correcting device is a reflective phase correcting device that allows the directional beam to divert to another direction at an angle by reflecting the directional beam that is incident on the reflective phase correcting device into said another direction.
9. The system as claimed in claim 8 , wherein in the reflective phase correcting device the dielectric core is sandwiched between the at least two layers on two opposite portions of the dielectric core with at least one of the layers being the dielectric skin the other layer being a reflective ground plane.
10. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rectifying antenna is part of a rectifying antenna structure comprising solid state rectifying components wherein the rectifying antenna comprises an array of receiving antenna elements that are electrically connected to the solid-state rectifying components.
11. The system as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the solid-state rectifying components are Schottky diodes.
12. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rectifying antenna is part of a rectifying antenna structure, the rectifying antenna structure comprising:
a central core having a first portion and a second portion that are opposite to each other, wherein the central core is made of at least one dielectric material;
a dielectric skin comprising a metasurface disposed to a first portion of the central core and the rectifying antenna is positioned at the second portion of the central core; and
a rectifying circuit that is electrically connected to the rectifying antenna to rectify the incoming electromagnetic energy to produce a direct current (DC).
13. The system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the at least one phase correcting device utilizes at least two metasurfaces to provide phase shift whilst maintaining an impedance matched structure for minimal loss of power.
14. The system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein thickness of the central core lies between one-tenth and one whole wavelength in the dielectric material that the central core is made of.
15. The system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the central core has a refractive index of between 1 and 3.
16. The system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein thickness and refractive index of the central core vary over the surface of the rectifying antenna to achieve impedance match.
17. A range enhancement device for use in a long-range wireless power transfer system, said device being configured to be positioned between a transmitting phased array antenna and a rectifying antenna, the device comprising:
a phase correcting device configured to be positioned at a first distance from the transmitting phased array antenna, wherein the transmitting phased array antenna is configured to operate in a radiating near-field region and radiate electromagnetic energy into free space as a directional beam that is a collimated or substantially collimated beam, the collimated or substantially collimated beam being produced by controlling phase and amplitude of each of the antenna elements to achieve spherical phase distribution across an aperture plane of the transmitting antenna, thereby focusing and enhancing a range of the collimated or substantially collimated beam towards a rectifying antenna, said first distance being within the radiating near-field region, the phase correcting device being configured to:
receive in the radiating near-field region a directional beam radiated from the transmitting phased array antenna,
perform a phase correcting operation on the received directional beam for maintaining the directional beam as a substantially collimated beam, and
transmit the phase corrected directional beam to free space as a substantially collimated beam,
wherein the phase correcting device comprises at least one metasurface to provide phase shift while maintaining an impedance matched structure.
18. The range enhancement device of claim 17 , wherein said metasurface maintains said impedance matched structure for minimal loss of power.
19. The range enhancement device of claim 17 , wherein the device comprises a multi-layer structure having at least a central dielectric core between at least two layers on two opposite portions of the dielectric core with at least one of the layers being a dielectric skin made of at least one dielectric material.
20. The range enhancement device as claimed in claim 19 , wherein in the reflective phase correcting device the dielectric core is sandwiched between the at least two layers on two opposite portions of the dielectric core with at least one of the layers being the dielectric skin the other layer being a reflective ground plane.
21. The range enhancement device of claim 17 , wherein the at least one phase correcting device is a straight through phase correcting device that allows the directional beam that is incident on it to travel through in a straight direction.
22. The range enhancement device of claim 17 , wherein the at least one phase correcting device is a reflective phase correcting device that allows the directional beam to divert to another direction at an angle by reflecting the directional beam that is incident on the reflective phase correcting device into said another direction.
23. The range enhancement device of claim 17 , wherein the phase correcting device is angled or configured to be angled with respect to the incident directional beam, such that the resultant directional beam is reflected substantially 90 degrees with respect to the incident directional beam.
24. A method of long-range wireless power transfer configured to operate in the radiating near-field region comprising:
at a transmitting side:
receiving electric power from a power source as an input;
converting the input electric power into electromagnetic energy;
radiating the converted electromagnetic energy into free space as a directional beam that is a collimated or substantially collimated beam in the near-field region by a transmitting antenna comprising a phased array antenna having an array of radiating antenna elements, said collimated or substantially collimated beam being radiated by controlling phase and amplitude at each of the radiating antenna elements to achieve spherical phase distribution across an aperture plane of the transmitting antenna, thereby focusing and enhancing a range of the collimated or substantially collimated beam towards a rectifying antenna; and
at a receiving side:
receiving a directional beam in the radiating near-field region at the rectifying antenna;
converting by the rectifying antenna the electromagnetic energy in the received directional beam into electricity.
25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:
receiving a directional beam in the radiating near-field region by a phase correcting device;
performing a phase correcting operation on the received directional beam by the phase correcting device, the phase correcting operation being maintaining the directional beam as a collimated beam; and
transmitting the phase corrected directional beam toward said rectifying antenna.