Leavening agent
A leavening composition which gives an enhanced leavening and reduced use of acidulants comprises (1) an alkali metal bicarbonate; (2) at least 0.1 and preferably at least 1 mole per mole of bicarbonate of a precipitant which is a water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt; and (3) optionally an acidulant; wherein (2) and (3) are present in a total amount from 105 to 800% of the stoichiometric amount that would be required to react fully with (1) in a boiling aqueous solution. In a preferred embodiment the acidulant forms a water insoluble calcium or magnesium salt and is sufficient to provide more than 0.105 g replaceable hydrogen per 100 mmol bicarbonate, and the precipitant is a water soluble calcium or magnesium salt which is capable of precipitating or complexing with said acidulant and is present in an amount sufficient to provide a final pH below 6.5 when the leavening agent is heated in a bakery mix, which allows the inclusion of an effective amount of a preservative.
1. A leavening agent comprising:
(i) an alkali metal bicarbonate in an amount effective for leavening;
(ii) an acidulant selected from phosphorous oxyacids and their mono-, di-and tri-basic salts, including SALP, SAPP, phosphoric acid, mono-and di-sodium and potassium phosphates, and mono-and di-calcium phosphate, and MSC, glucono-delta-lactone, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, adipie acid, tartaric acid, monosodium tartrate, citraconic acid, aconitic acid, itaconic acid, mono potassium citrate and tartrate, hydrolysed lactones and polylactic acid and sodium aluminum sulphate and mixtures thereof, said acidulant being present in an amount of 0 to 90% of a stoichiometric amount thereof required to react with the bicarbonate; and
(iii) at least 0.1 mole per mole of bicarbonate of a precipitant;
wherein the total amount of (ii) and (iii) are equal to from 110 to 250% of a stoichiometric amount that would be required to react fully with (i) in a boiling aqueous solution.
2. A leavening agent according to claim 1 wherein the alkali metal bicarbonate is sodium and/or potassium bicarbonate.
3. A leavening agent according to claim 1 wherein the precipitant is a salt of calcium and/or magnesium.
4. A leavening agent according to claim 1 wherein the precipitant is selected from the group consisting of salts of formic, acetic, fumaric, lactic, aconitic, itaconic, citraconic, tartaric, adipic, ascorbic, malic, lactobionic, hydrochloric and sulphuric acid, and mixtures thereof.
5. A leavening agent according to claim 1 wherein the precipitant is calcium chloride.
6. A baking powder comprising a leavening agent according to claim 1 .
7. A self-raising flour comprising a leavening agent according to claim 1 .
8. A bakery mix comprising a leavening agent according to claim 1 .
9. A method of baking comprising: heating the bakery mix of claim 8 to form a baked confection.
10. A confection prepared by the method of claim 9 .