Fuzzy interface layer for thermite and primer made from thermite with fuzzy layer
A layered thermite composite includes alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal deposited upon a substrate. A fuzzy interface layer between each metal oxide layer and reducing metal layer includes reducing metal, reducing metal oxide, and metal oxide at least partially intermixed therein. The fuzzy interface layer forms while moving between chambers in a multi-chamber deposition process which minimizes exposure of the reducing metal to oxygen while moving between chambers. The fuzzy interface layer is not expected to grow in thickness after deposition. The combination of the relative thinness of the fuzzy interface layer as well as the presence of reactants as well as reducing metal oxide maintains the sensitivity of the layered thermite structure to mechanical ignition if the structure is used within a primer.
1. A layered thermite composite, comprising:
a substrate having a deposition surface and a rear surface;
alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal deposited upon the substrate, the alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal being structured to react with each other in response to an impact applied to the rear surface of the substrate; and
a fuzzy interface layer disposed between each metal oxide layer and reducing metal layer, the fuzzy interface layer containing reducing metal, reducing metal oxide, and metal oxide, the reducing metal, reducing metal oxide, and metal oxide being at least partially mixed together.
2. The layered thermite composition according to claim 1 , wherein each of the reducing metal and metal oxide are present within each fuzzy interface layer in a gradient structure, the gradient structure being a majority reducing metal and reducing metal oxide adjacent to each reducing metal layer, the gradient structure being a majority metal oxide adjacent to each metal oxide layer.
3. The layered thermite composition according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing metal adjacent to and within the fuzzy interface layer resists oxidation and resists growth after completion of deposition and prior to ignition of the layered thermite composite.
4. A primer, comprising
a substrate having a deposition surface and a rear surface;
alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal deposited upon the substrate, the alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal being structured to react with each other in response to an impact applied to the rear surface of the substrate; and
a fuzzy interface layer disposed between each metal oxide layer and reducing metal layer, the fuzzy interface layer containing reducing metal, reducing metal oxide, and metal oxide, the reducing metal, reducing metal oxide, and metal oxide being at least partially mixed together.
5. The primer according to claim 4 , wherein each of the reducing metal and metal oxide are present within each fuzzy interface layer in a gradient structure, the gradient structure being a majority reducing metal and reducing metal oxide adjacent to each reducing metal layer, the gradient structure being a majority metal oxide adjacent to each metal oxide layer.
6. The primer according to claim 4 , wherein the reducing metal adjacent to and within the fuzzy interface layer resists oxidation and resists growth after completion of deposition and prior to ignition of the layered thermite composite.
7. The primer according to claim 4 , further comprising at least one carbide-containing ceramic layer within the alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal, whereby, when the alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal react with each other, the at least one carbide-containing ceramic layer is ignited by the reaction between the reducing metal and metal oxide.
8. The primer according to claim 7 , further comprising an adhesion layer separating each of the at least one carbide-containing ceramic layers and the layers of metal oxide or reducing metal which are adjacent to each of the at least one carbide-containing ceramic layers.
9. A cartridge for a firearm, the cartridge comprising:
a casing having a front end, a back end, and a hollow interior;
a bullet secured within the front end of the casing;
a propellant disposed within the hollow interior;
a primer secured within the back end of the casing, the primer being in communication with the propellant, the primer comprising;
a substrate having a deposition surface and a rear surface;
alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal deposited upon the substrate, the alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal being structured to react with each other in response to an impact applied to the rear surface of the substrate; and
a fuzzy interface layer disposed between each metal oxide layer and reducing metal layer, the fuzzy interface layer containing reducing metal, reducing metal oxide, and metal oxide, the reducing metal, reducing metal oxide, and metal oxide being at least partially mixed together.
10. The cartridge according to claim 9 , wherein each of the reducing metal and metal oxide are present within each fuzzy interface layer in a gradient structure, the gradient structure being a majority reducing metal and reducing metal oxide adjacent to each reducing metal layer, the gradient structure being a majority metal oxide adjacent to each metal oxide layer.
11. The cartridge according to claim 9 , wherein the reducing metal adjacent to and within the fuzzy interface layer resists oxidation and resists growth after completion of deposition and prior to ignition of the layered thermite composite.
12. The cartridge according to claim 9 , further comprising at least one carbide-containing ceramic layer within the alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal, whereby, when the alternating layers of metal oxide and reducing metal react with each other, the at least one carbide-containing ceramic layer is ignited by the reaction between the reducing metal and metal oxide.
13. The cartridge according to claim 12 , further comprising an adhesion layer separating each of the at least one carbide-containing ceramic layers and the layers of metal oxide or reducing metal which are adjacent to each of the at least one carbide-containing ceramic layers.