Thermal management system and method for in-slot cooling of electric motors
The thermal management system for in-slot cooling of electric motors includes separating structures, either in the form of a scaffolding structure or a monolithic winding structure which is placed in between the adjacent winding turns to physically separate the winding turns to define coolant fluid passages for circulation of a coolant fluid in direct contact with the lateral surfaces of the winding turns. The scaffolding and monolithic winding structures are made from an electrically insulating material and are filled with a dielectric fluid that serves both the coolant and the electrical insulator between the winding turns. An end-winding organizer may be positioned at two end regions of each stator tooth to provide a curved surface for the winding turns to be held in tension throughout the 180° winding end turns and is formed with grooves to define the passage for the coolant flow to ensure that the flowing coolant reaches the surface of the innermost winding turns.
1. A thermal management system for cooling of electric motors formed with a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator is configured with at least two stator teeth spaced apart one from another with at least one stator slot defined between the at least two stator teeth, and wherein at least one stator winding is wound around at least one of the at least two stator teeth, the stator winding having at least two winding turns, the system comprising:
at least one elongated spacing structure disposed between said at least two winding turns and separating one winding turn from another to define at least one coolant fluid passage therebetween, said at least one coolant fluid passage extending continuously along substantially an entire lateral surface of each of said at least two winding turns, and
at least one dielectric coolant fluid circulating along said at least one coolant fluid passage between said at least two winding turns in contiguous contact with said entire lateral surface of said each of said at least two winding turns;
said at least one elongated spacing structure is further sandwiched between a surface of at least one of the at least two stator tooth and at least one of said at least two winding turns, thereby forming a dielectric coolant passage therebetween;
said at least one stator tooth has two oppositely positioned end winding regions, further comprising a first end-winding organizer member and a second end-winding organizer member, each mounted to a respective one of said two oppositely positioned end winding regions of said at least one stator tooth,
each of said first and second end-winding organizer members being configured with a supporting bottom member, an upper member, and a vertical column member extending between and connecting said supporting bottom member and said upper member,
wherein each of said supporting bottom member, upper member and vertical column has a respective rear wall and a curved front portion,
wherein said respective rear walls of said supporting bottom member, upper member and vertical column member are aligned to one another for matching connection with said respective one of said two oppositely positioned end winding regions of said at least one stator tooth,
wherein each of said curved front portions of said supporting bottom member and said upper member is formed with a respective coolant fluid portal,
wherein said curved front portion of said vertical column of said first end-winding organizer member is formed with sloped mechanical guides and a first plurality of grooves, and wherein said curved front portion of said vertical column of said second end-winding organizer member is formed with a second plurality of grooves, said first and second pluralities of grooves extending in fluid communication with said coolant fluid portals formed at said curved front portions of said supporting bottom member and said upper member, respectively, and
wherein each of said coolant fluid portals formed in the first end-winding organizer member is a coolant portal for entering said at least one dielectric coolant fluid into said at least one coolant fluid passage between said at least two winding turns, between said surface of said at least one stator tooth and said at least one winding turn, and wherein each of said coolant fluid portals formed in the second end-winding organizer member is a coolant fluid portal for exiting said at least one dielectric coolant fluid from said at least one coolant fluid passage between said at least two winding turns, between said surface of said at least one stator tooth and said at least one winding turn.
2. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein said at least one elongated spacing structure has a scaffolding configuration formed with at least two longitudinal first bars and a plurality of second bars extending in an angular relationship with said at least two longitudinal first bars and connected thereto.
3. The thermal management system of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of second bars cross said at least two longitudinal first bars at 90 degrees.
4. The thermal management system of claim 2 , wherein said at least two longitudinal first bars are arranged in a first plane, and said plurality of second bars are arranged in a second plane, said second plane being different than said first plane.
5. The thermal management system of claim 2 , wherein said at least two longitudinal first bars and said plurality of second bars define an array of openings formed therebetween, said array of openings constituting a continuous path for a flow of said dielectric coolant fluid between said at least two winding turns in contiguous contact with said entire lateral surface of said each of said at least two winding turns.
6. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein said at least one elongated spacing structure is configured with a base frame and a plurality of first tabs and second tabs extending in spaced apart relationship with one another and in opposite direction from said base frame, wherein said first tabs are disposed in an alternating relationship with said second tabs in an integral coupling with said base frame.
7. The thermal management system of claim 6 , wherein said first tabs define a first tier, and wherein said second tabs define a second tier, wherein said at least one stator winding is arranged in at least a first layer and at least a second layer, said first layer being positioned in said first tier, and said second layer being positioned in said second tier, with each of said first and second layers accommodating at least two winding turns, and wherein said at least two winding turns in each of said first and second layers are separated by respective ones of said first and second tabs.
8. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein said at least one elongated spacing structure is made of an electrically insulating material.
9. The thermal management system of claim 2 , wherein said at least one stator winding is arranged in at least two layers, with each of said at least two layers accommodating at least two winding turns of said at least one stator winding, and wherein said at least one elongated spacing structure having said scaffolding configuration is disposed at both surfaces of each of said winding turns of said at least one stator winding.
10. The thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump supplying said at least one dielectric coolant fluid into said at least one stator slot and controllably actuating said at least one dielectric coolant fluid along said at least one coolant fluid passage.
11. A method for thermal management of electric motors formed with a rotor and a stator configured with at least two stator teeth spaced apart one from another with at least one stator slot defined between said at least two stator teeth, the method comprising:
winding at least two winding turns of at least one stator winding around at least one of at least two stator teeth,
disposing at least one elongated spacing structure between said at least two winding turns to separate one winding turn from another and define at least one coolant fluid passage therebetween, said at least one coolant fluid passage extending continuously along substantially an entire lateral surface of each of said at least two winding turns, and
circulating a dielectric coolant fluid along said at least one coolant fluid passage between said at least two winding turns in contiguous contact with said entire lateral surface of said each of said at least two winding turns;
sandwiching said at least one elongated spacing structure between a surface of at least one stator tooth of said at least two stator teeth and the winding turn to define said coolant fluid passage therebetween;
attaching a first and a second end-winding organizer members, each to a respective one of a first and second end winding regions of said at least one stator tooth,
configuring said first and second end-winding organizer members with a supporting bottom member, an upper member, and a vertical column member extending between and connecting said supporting bottom member and said upper member,
forming each of said supporting bottom member, upper member and vertical column with rear wall and a curved front portion,
aligning said rear walls of said supporting bottom member, upper member and vertical column member to one another for matching connection with said respective end winding region of said at least one stator tooth,
forming each of said curved front portions of said supporting bottom member and said upper member with a respective coolant portal,
shaping said curved front portion of said vertical column with a plurality of grooves extending in fluid communication with said coolant portals formed at said curved front portions of said supporting bottom member and said upper member,
entering said dielectric coolant fluid in said coolant portals formed in said first end-winding organizer member for entering said dielectric coolant fluid into said at least one coolant fluid passage between said at least two winding turns, said coolant fluid passage formed between said surface of said at least one stator tooth and said winding turn, and said plurality of grooves formed at said curved front portion of said vertical column, and
exiting the dielectric coolant fluid through said coolant portals formed in said second end-winding organizer member.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
forming said at least one elongated spacing structure in a scaffolding configuration having at least two longitudinal first bars and a plurality of second bars extending in an angularly displaced relationship with said at least two longitudinal first bars and connected thereto,
arranging said at least two longitudinal first bars in a first plane, and said plurality of second bars in a second plane, said second plane being different than said first plane, and
defining an array of openings formed between said first and second bars, said array of openings constituting a continuous passage for a flow of said dielectric coolant fluid between said at least two winding turns in contiguous contact with said entire lateral surface of said each of said at least two winding turns.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
configuring said at least one elongated spacing structure with a base frame and a plurality of first tabs and second tabs extending in a spaced apart relationship with one another and in opposite direction from said base frame, wherein said first tabs are disposed in an alternating relationship with said second tabs in an integral coupling with said base frame.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
defining a first tier by said first tabs and a second tier by said second tabs, arranging said at least two winding turns at least in a first layer in said first tier and at least in a second layer in said second tier, and
separating said at least two winding turns in each of said first and second tiers by respective ones of said first and second tabs.