Fluoropolymer-based hybrid organic/inorganic composites
The invention pertains to a process for manufacturing a fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite, to fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composites obtained therefrom and to the use of the same in several fields of use.
1. A polymer (F-h), wherein polymer (F-h) is a fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite comprising fluoropolymer domains and inorganic domains, said polymer (F-h) being obtained by reaction between:
at least one polymer (F), wherein polymer (F) is at least one fluoropolymer comprising:
(i) recurring units derived from at least one fluorinated monomer (FM)
(ii) recurring units derived from at least one (meth)acrylic monomer (MA) of formula:
wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , equal or different from each other, is independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 3 hydrocarbon group, and R OH is a C 1 -C 5 hydrocarbon moiety comprising at least one hydroxyl groups, and
(iii) optionally recurring units derived from at least one fluorinated monomer (FM2) different from VDF;
wherein polymer (F) has an intrinsic viscosity measured in dimethylformamide at 25° C. higher than 0.09 l/g and lower than 0.6 l/g;
and
at least one metal compound (M) of formula (I):
X 4-m AY m (I)
wherein m is an integer from 1 to 4, A is a metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti and Zr, Y is a hydrolysable group, X is a hydrocarbon group, optionally comprising one or more functional groups,
wherein the fluoropolymer domains derive from polymer (F) and the inorganic domains derive from compound (M), and
wherein the inorganic domains are grafted to the fluoropolymer domains through reaction of at least a fraction of the R OH groups of the monomer (MA) with at least a fraction of the hydrolysable groups Y of compound (M).
2. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymer (F) is a partially fluorinated fluoropolymer comprising recurring units derived from vinylidene fluoride (VDF), at least one (meth)acrylic monomer (MA) and at least one fluorinated monomer (FM2) different from VDF.
3. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 2 , wherein polymer (F) comprises recurring units derived from:
at least 60% by moles of vinylidene fluoride (VDF),
from 0.01% to 10% by moles of at least one monomer (MA), and
from 0.1% to 15% by moles of at least one monomer (FM2) selected from vinyl fluoride (VF 1 ), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE).
4. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 3 , wherein polymer (F) comprises recurring units derived from:
at least 75% by moles of vinylidene fluoride (VDF),
from 0.05% to 5% by moles of at least one monomer (MA), and
from 0.1% to 12% by moles of at least one monomer (FM2) selected from vinyl fluoride (VF1), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE).
5. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 4 , wherein polymer (F) comprises recurring units derived from:
at least 85% by moles of vinylidene fluoride (VDF),
from 0.1% to 3% by moles of at least one monomer (MA), and
from 0.1% to 10% by moles of at least one monomer (FM2) selected from vinyl fluoride (VF 1 ), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE).
6. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 , wherein monomer (MA) is selected from the group consisting of:
hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA) of formula:
2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) of either of formulae:
acrylic acid (AA) of formula:
and mixtures thereof.
7. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 , wherein the intrinsic viscosity of polymer (F), measured in dimethylformamide at 25° C., is lower than 0.50 l/g.
8. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 , wherein X in compound (M) is R A and Y is OR B , wherein R A and R B , equal to or different from each other and at each occurrence, are independently selected from C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbon groups, wherein R A optionally comprises at least one functional group.
9. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 , wherein compound (M) is a functional compound (M1) selected from the group consisting of: vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrismethoxyethoxysilane of formula
CH 2 ═CHSi(OC 2 H 4 OCH 3 ) 3 , 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexylethyltrimethoxysilane) of formula:
glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane of formula:
glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane of formula:
methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of formula:
aminoethylaminpropylmethyldimethoxysilane of formula:
aminoethylaminpropyltrimethoxysilane of formula:
3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane,
3-chloroisobutyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, n-(3-acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, (3-acryloxypropyl)dimethylmethoxysilane, (3-acryloxypropyl)methyldichlorosilane, (3-acryloxypropyl)methyldimethoxysilane, 3-(n-allylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(4-chlorosulphonylphenyl)ethyl trichlorosilane, carboxyethylsilanetriol, and its sodium salts, triethoxysilylpropylmaleamic acid of formula:
3-(trihydroxysilyl)-I-propane-sulphonic acid of formula HOSO 2 —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —Si(OH) 3 , N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethylene-diamine triacetic acid, and its sodium salts,
3-(triethoxysilyl) propylsuccinic anhydride of formula:
acetamidopropyltrimethoxysilane of formula H 3 C—C(O)NH—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —Si(OCH 3 ) 3 , and alkanolamine titanates of formula Ti(L)t(OR)z, wherein L is an amine-substitued alkoxy group, R is an alkyl group, and x and y are integers such that t+z=4.
10. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 , wherein compound (M) is a non-functional compound (M2) selected from the group consisting of: trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), tetramethyltitanate, tetraethyltitanate, tetra-n-propyltitanate, tetraisopropyltitanate, tetra-n-butyltitanate, tetra-isobutyl titanate, tetra-tert-butyl titanate, tetra-n-pentyltitanate, tetra-n-hexyltitanate, tetraisooctyltitanate, tetra-n-lauryl titanate, tetraethylzirconate, tetra-n-propylzirconate, tetraisopropylzirconate, tetra-n-butyl zirconate, tetra-sec-butyl zirconate, tetra-tert-butyl zirconate, tetra-n-pentyl zirconate, tetra-tert-pentyl zirconate, tetra-tert-hexyl zirconate, tetra-n-heptyl zirconate, tetra-n-octyl zirconate and tetra-n-stearyl zirconate.
11. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 , wherein compound (M) is a compound (M′) selected from the group consisting of: trimethoxysilyl methyl isocyanate, triethoxysilyl methyl isocyanate, trimethoxysilyl ethyl isocyanate, triethoxysilyl ethyl isocyanate, trimethoxysilyl propyl isocyanate, triethoxysilyl propyl isocyanate, trimethoxysilyl butyl isocyanate, triethoxysilyl butyl isocyanate, trimethoxysilyl pentyl isocyanate, triethoxysilyl pentyl isocyanate, trimethoxysilyl hexyl isocyanate and triethoxysilyl hexyl isocyanate.
12. The polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 , further comprising inorganic fillers comprised in said inorganic domains.
13. A method for treating glass and/or ceramic materials, the method comprising using the polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 .
14. The method according to claim 13 , comprising coating a glass and/or ceramic surface with a layer comprising the polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 .
15. The method according to claim 13 , comprising bonding a glass and/or a ceramic substrate to a fluoropolymer layer through a layer comprising the polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 , thus forming a multilayer structure.
16. A membrane for electrochemical applications and/or separation processes, the membrane comprising the polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 .
17. An electroluminescent material in a photovoltaic or organic light emitting device, the electroluminescent material comprising the polymer (F-h) according to claim 1 .
18. A process for manufacturing a polymer (F-h), wherein polymer (F-h) is a fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite, said process comprising:
(a) providing a mixture of:
at least one polymer (F), wherein polymer (F) is at least one fluoropolymer comprising:
(i) recurring units derived from at least one fluorinated monomer (FM),
(ii) recurring units derived from at least one (meth)acrylic monomer (MA) of formula:
wherein each of R1, R2, R3, equal or different from each other, is independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 3 hydrocarbon group, and R OH is a C 1 -C 5 hydrocarbon moiety comprising at least one hydroxyl group, and
(iii) optionally recurring units derived from at least one fluorinated monomer (FM2) different from VDF;
wherein polymer (F) has an intrinsic viscosity measured in dimethylformamide at 25° C. higher than 0.09 l/g and lower than 0.6 l/g;
and
at least one metal compound (M) of formula (I):
X 4-m AY m (1)
wherein m is an integer from 1 to 4, A is a metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti and Zr, Y is a hydrolysable group, X is a hydrocarbon group, optionally comprising one or more functional groups,
(b) reacting at least a fraction of hydroxyl groups of the R OH groups of said monomer (MA) of said polymer (F) with at least a fraction of said compound (M), so as to obtain a grafted polymer comprising pendant —Y m-1 AX 4-m groups, with m, Y, A and X having same meaning as above detailed;
(c) hydrolyzing and/or polycondensing compound (M) and/or pendant —Y m-1 AX 4-m groups, as above detailed to yield a polymer (F-h) comprising inorganic domains.