Optimization of a target of a downhole neutron generator
Systems and techniques are provided for optimizing the performance of a target for a downhole neutron generator. An example method can include disposing a first source material and a first substrate in a vacuum chamber at an initial temperature, evaporating the first source material to be deposited onto a surface of the first substrate, monitoring a temperature of the first substrate during the evaporation of the first source material, and determining a thermal equilibrium process temperature at which the temperature of the first substrate is stabilized. The example method can further include disposing a second source material and a second substrate in the vacuum chamber at the thermal equilibrium process temperature, evaporating the second source material to be deposited onto a surface of the second substrate, and obtaining the second substrate deposited with the second source material for a target of a downhole neutron generator.
1. A method comprising:
disposing a first source material and a first substrate in a vacuum chamber at an initial temperature;
evaporating the first source material to be deposited onto a surface of the first substrate;
monitoring a temperature of the first substrate during the evaporation of the first source material;
determining a thermal equilibrium process temperature at which the temperature of the first substrate is stabilized;
disposing a second source material and a second substrate in the vacuum chamber at the thermal equilibrium process temperature;
evaporating the second source material to be deposited onto a surface of the second substrate; and
obtaining the second substrate deposited with the second source material for a target of a downhole neutron generator.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
suspending the evaporation of the second source material in response to determining that a thickness of the second source material that is deposited onto the surface of the second substrate has reached a threshold.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the threshold is determined by tracking a frequency response of a quartz crystal during the evaporation.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal equilibrium process temperature is a variable dependent on at least one of a geometry of the vacuum chamber, a pressure within the vacuum chamber, a deposition rate, one or more characteristics of the first and second source materials, one or more characteristics of the first and second substrates, and one or more parameters associated with evaporating the first and second source materials.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein evaporating the first and second source materials is based on an electron beam evaporation process.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first source material and the first substrate have different coefficients of thermal expansion.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second source materials include Titanium.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second source materials include Titanium and Scandium.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second substrates are a Copper rod.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
deploying a logging tool having the downhole neutron generator into a borehole, wherein the target of the downhole neutron generator includes the second substrate deposited with the second source material.
11. A downhole neutron generator comprising:
a cylindrical housing to be deployed within a borehole;
a target comprising:
a target rod co-axial with the cylindrical housing; and
a film deposited onto a cross-sectional area of the target rod, wherein the film is deposited onto the cross-sectional area of the target rod by evaporating a source material of the film in a vacuum chamber at a thermal equilibrium process temperature, wherein the thermal equilibrium process temperature is determined based on:
disposing a sample material and a sample substrate in the vacuum chamber at an initial temperature;
evaporating the sample material to be deposited onto a surface of the sample substrate;
monitoring a temperature of the sample substrate during the evaporation of the sample material;
determining the thermal equilibrium process temperature at which the temperature of the sample substrate is stabilized; and
an ion source to emit an ion beam towards the target rod co-axial with the cylindrical housing.
12. The downhole neutron generator of claim 11 , wherein a thickness of the film is determined by suspending the evaporation of the source material in response to determining that the thickness of the source material that is deposited onto the surface of the target rod has reached a thickness threshold.
13. The downhole neutron generator of claim 12 , wherein the thickness threshold is determined by tracking a frequency response of a quartz crystal during the evaporation.
14. The downhole neutron generator of claim 11 , wherein the thermal equilibrium process temperature is a variable dependent on at least one of a geometry of the vacuum chamber, a pressure within the vacuum chamber, a deposition rate, one or more characteristics of the source and sample materials, one or more characteristics of the substrate and the target rod, and one or more parameters associated with evaporating the source and sample materials.
15. The downhole neutron generator of claim 11 , wherein evaporating the source and sample materials of the film is based on an electron beam evaporation process.
16. The downhole neutron generator of claim 11 , wherein the target rod and the film have different coefficients of thermal expansion.
17. The downhole neutron generator of claim 11 , wherein the target rod is a Copper rod.
18. The downhole neutron generator of claim 11 , wherein the film is a single layer of Titanium.
19. The downhole neutron generator of claim 11 , wherein the film is a double layer of Titanium and Scandium.
20. A method for operating a neutron generator for logging information, the method comprising:
deploying a logging tool having a neutron generator into a borehole, wherein the neutron generator comprises:
a cylindrical housing to be deployed within the borehole;
a target comprising:
a rod co-axial with the cylindrical housing; and
a film deposited onto a cross-sectional area of the rod, wherein the film is deposited onto the cross-sectional area of the rod by evaporating a source material of the film in a vacuum chamber at a thermal equilibrium process temperature, wherein the thermal equilibrium process temperature is determined based on:
disposing a sample material and a sample substrate in the vacuum chamber at an initial temperature;
evaporating the sample material to be deposited onto a surface of the sample substrate;
monitoring a temperature of the sample substrate during the evaporation of the sample material;
determining the thermal equilibrium process temperature at which the temperature of the sample substrate is stabilized; and
an ion source to emit an ion beam towards the rod co-axial with the cylindrical housing.