Duo-propellers and single propellers
A duo propeller disclosed having a forward propeller having increased loading distribution and high swirl near the tip. The duo propeller has an aft propeller with a more optimal loading distribution that can cancel the high tip swirl from the forward propeller. The duo-propeller an enhanced ability for the aft propeller to capture the energy lost to the swirling flow of the forward propeller's outflow.
1. A method of increasing propeller efficiency swirl in a duo propeller, the duo propeller comprising a forward propeller and an aft propeller operating in series on co-axial counter rotating shafts, the method comprising:
selecting the diameter of the aft propeller to be in the range of 100% to 175% of the forward propeller, and
controlling the generation of swirl energy by the forward propeller and recovery of the swirl energy by the aft propeller by varying the camber and pitch angle (tip loading) while minimizing tip vortices.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising varying the diameter of the aft propeller to reduce interference of the fluid flow generated by the forward propeller with the efficiency of the aft propeller.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein pitch angle is in the range of 0 to +75 degrees.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein chamber is in the range of −0.2 to +0.2.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
selecting rake values and skew values which together form a loop-shaped blade having an inlet root and an outlet root attached to a hub;
spacing the inlet root and the outlet root part on the hub such that a portion of the hub is part of the loop;
selecting the value of rake to be greater at the tip that at the inlet root; and
selecting the value of skew to be greater at the tip that at the inlet root.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the selected values of skew for at least one of the forward or aft propeller are the range of −135 degrees to +135 degrees.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the selected values of skew for at least one of the forward or aft propeller are in the range of −120 degrees to +120 degrees.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the selected values of rake for at least one of the forward or aft propellers are in the range of −0.9 OD to +0.9 OD wherein OD is the outer diameter of the propeller.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the selected values of rake for at least one of the forward or aft propellers are in the range of −0.5 OD to +0.5 OD wherein OD is the outer diameter of the propeller.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the selected values of rake angle for at least one of the forward or aft propellers are in the range of −60 degrees to +60 degrees.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the selected values of rake angle for at least one of the forward or aft propellers are in the range of −45 degrees to +45 degrees.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
designing the duo-propeller as a system including basing the design of the aft propeller in part on water acceleration of the first propeller including wakes created by the forward propeller.
13. The method of claim 1 comprising selecting the diameter of the aft propeller to be in the range of 100% to 130% of the forward propeller.
14. The method of claim 1 comprising configuring the duo-propeller so the forward propeller and the aft propeller nest so that a leading edge of the aft propeller inlet roughly follows an outlet trailing edge of the forward propeller.
15. The method of claim 1 comprising configuring the propeller so an inlet wake path is substantially parallel to an outlet blade wake path for at least one of the forward or aft propellers.
16. The method of claim 1 comprising for at least one of the forward or aft propellers defining rake and skew from an inlet based near an inlet root and determining rake angle from an average of the inlet root and/or an outlet root.
17. A duo propeller comprising:
a forward propeller and an aft propeller operating in series on co-axial counter rotating shafts, wherein the diameter of the aft propeller is within the range of 100% to 175% of the forward propeller; and
a pitch angle and camber to optimize generation of swirl energy by the forward propeller and recovery of swirl energy by the aft propeller while minimizing tip vortices.
18. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein pitch angle is in the range of 0 to +75 degrees.
19. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein camber/cord is in the range of −0.2 to +0.2.
20. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein at least one of the forward or aft propeller has skew value in the range of −135 degrees to +135 degrees.
21. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein at least one of the forward or aft propeller has a skew values in the range of −120 degrees to +120 degrees.
22. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein at least one of the forward or aft propeller has a rake value i in the range of −0.9 OD to +0.9 OD wherein OD is the outer diameter of the propeller.
23. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein at least one of the forward or aft propeller has a rake value are in the range of −0.5 OD to +0.5 OD wherein OD is the outer diameter of the propeller.
24. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein at least one of the forward or aft propeller has a rake angle in the range of −45 degrees to +45 degrees.
25. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein the diameter of the aft propeller is in the range of 100% to 130% of the forward propeller.
26. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein the diameter of the aft propeller is in the range of 100% to 175% of the forward propeller.
27. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein the forward propeller and the aft propeller are nested so that a leading edge of the aft propeller inlet roughly follows an outlet trailing edge of the forward propeller.
28. The duo propeller of claim 17 wherein each of the inlet portion and the outlet portion extend from their respective root to where the blade reference line is in the range of 75% to 100% of the blade outer radius and increasing and the tip portion is the remaining portion between the inlet and outlet portions.