Whole pool amplification and in-sequencer random-access of data encoded by polynucleotides
This disclosure describes an efficient method to copy all polynucleotides encoding digital data of digital files in a polynucleotide storage container while maintaining random access capabilities over a collection of files or data items in the container. The disclosure further describes a process whereby random-access and sequencing of the polynucleotides are combined in a single step.
1. A method comprising:
generating polynucleotide sequence data that include:
a first set of polynucleotide sequences encoding a first data file that each have a first identifier region and a universal region, and
a second set of polynucleotide sequences encoding a second data file that each have a second identifier region and the universal region,
creating synthetic polynucleotides based at least partly on the polynucleotide sequence data;
receiving a request for the first data file;
performing combined random access of data on the synthetic polynucleotides and sequencing by bridge amplification thereby sequencing only the first set of polynucleotide sequences, wherein the universal region is complementary to flow cell oligos used in bridge amplification and a specific sequencing primer hybridizes only to the first identifier region thereby sequencing only the first set of polynucleotide sequences, wherein the sequencing produces sequencing data; and
reproducing the first data file by decoding the sequencing data.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: storing the synthetic polynucleotides in a container of a polynucleotide data storage system.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising: amplifying, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the synthetic polynucleotides in the container to produce an amplification product of all polynucleotides in the container.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising: aliquoting the amplification product to additional containers in the polynucleotide data storage system, thereby providing additional containers with identical synthetic polynucleotides.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: identifying the specific sequencing primer that corresponds to the nucleotides of the first identifier region by:
accessing metadata indicating individual identifiers that correspond to individual data files; and
determining, based at least partly on the metadata, that the identifiers correspond to the first data file.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic polynucleotides are not amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to sequencing.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: providing the first data file to a computing device.
8. A method comprising:
generating polynucleotide sequence data that include polynucleotide sequences with a payload region, an identifier region, and a universal region;
synthesizing polynucleotides based at least partly on the polynucleotide sequence data;
receiving a request for a data file;
selecting an identifier region for the digital data of the data file requested;
introducing the polynucleotides into a flow cell, wherein the universal region is complementary to flow cell oligos used in bridge amplification;
performing combined random access of data and sequencing of only polynucleotides having a payload region that contains the digital data of the data file requested by introducing into the flow cell specific sequencing primers that are complementary to the identifier region corresponding to the data file, wherein the sequencing produces sequence data; and
reproducing the data file by decoding the sequence data generated by the sequencing.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising amplifying the polynucleotides prior to performing the combined random access of data and sequencing.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein selecting the identifier region for the digital data of the data file further comprises:
accessing metadata indicating identifiers that correspond to individual data files; and
determining, based at least partly on the metadata, an identifier that corresponds to the data file.
11. The method of claim 8 , further comprising: encoding digital data of a data file as a plurality of polynucleotide sequences, wherein the payload region contains the polynucleotide sequences that encode the data file.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein a sequence of nucleotides in the identifier region for the digital data of the data file is an identifier that is unique to the data file and distinguishes the data file from other data files.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the synthetic polynucleotides are not amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to sequencing.
14. The method of claim 8 , further comprising: providing the data file to a computing device.
15. A system comprising:
a polynucleotide synthesizer;
a sequencer;
a processing unit; and
memory in communication with the processing unit, the memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, perform operations comprising:
generating polynucleotide data indicating a polynucleotide sequence including a payload sequence, an identifier sequence, and a universal sequence;
instructing the polynucleotide synthesizer to synthesize polynucleotides based on the polynucleotide data, wherein individual ones of the polynucleotides comprise one of the payload sequences, the identifier sequence, and the universal sequence;
a digital data retrieval module stored in the memory and configured to receive a request for a data file;
instructing the sequencer to perform combined random access of data and sequencing by bridge amplification wherein the universal sequence is complementary to flow cell oligos used in bridge amplification and a specific sequencing primer is complementary only to the identifier sequence thereby sequencing only polynucleotides having the identifier sequence, wherein the sequencing produces sequencing data; and
wherein the digital data retrieval module is further configured to reproduce the data file by decoding the sequencing data.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the processing unit further performs operations comprising:
receiving a request to copy digital data of the data file;
identifying, in response to the request and based at least partly on metadata, the universal sequence associated with polynucleotides and an identifier; and
sending, to a computing device, data indicating the universal sequence and the identifier.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the processing unit further performs operations comprising: generating polynucleotide sequence data comprising payload sequences encoding a data file.
18. The system of claim 15 , wherein the identifier sequence is an identifier that is unique to the data file and distinguishes the data file from other data files.
19. The system of claim 15 , wherein the processing unit further performs operations comprising: providing the data file to a computing device.