Granted Patent
B2
US 12,404,540 · App. 17/286,379 · Granted Sep 2, 2025
Epigenetic biomarker and uses therefor
Inventors:
Abu Sina (St Lucia, AU); Matt Trau (St Lucia, AU); Laura Garcia Carrascosa (St Lucia, AU)
Assignee:
THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Abstract
Disclosed is an epigenetic biomarker that comprises clustered methylated genomic DNA which can self-assemble to form complexes that have distinct physicochemical properties relative to genomic DNA that lacks such clusters. Also disclosed are methods, systems, compositions and kits that takes advantage of these physicochemical properties for detecting clustered methylated genomic DNA including for determining likelihood of the presence of cancer.
Claims (12)
1. A method for detecting and measuring cancer DNA, the method comprising:
exposing endogenous cancer DNA from a biological sample to a working electrode that comprises an electro-conductive material;
applying a potential to the working electrode; and
detecting an electrical signal from the working electrode that is indicative of adsorption of the endogenous cancer DNA to the electro-conductive material, wherein the electrical signal from the working electrode is different than another electrical signal generated from the working electrode when exposed to (1) one corresponding non-cancer DNA or (2) a total amount of endogenous cancer DNA from another biological sample that is different than a total amount of the endogenous cancer DNA from the biological sample.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electro-conductive material is selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum, palladium, silver, carbon, alloys thereof, and composites thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical signal is selected from the group consisting of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV), chronoamperometry, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), current, voltage, impedance, capacitance, charge, conductivity, resistance, and a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample comprises a biological fluid.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the biological fluid is selected from the group consisting of whole blood; lysed whole blood; serum; plasma; urine; sputum; sweat; follicular fluid; synovial fluid; amniotic fluid; a nasopharyngeal aspirate; a bronchial aspirate; semen; and cerebrospinal fluid.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the endogenous cancer DNA is selected from the group consisting of cellular genomic DNA (cellular gDNA), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and extracellular vesicular DNA (evDNA).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the endogenous cancer DNA is derived from a subject that has been exposed to a treatment to treat a cancer.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising comparing the electrical signal to a threshold.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the threshold comprises a reference electrical signal that is indicative of a level of the cancer within the subject before the subject is exposed to the treatment.
Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded May 14, 2026
From: SINA, ABU ALI IBN; TRAU, MATHIAS; GARCIA CARRASCOSA, LAURA
To: THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND
Reel/Frame 074663/0733 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Apr 20, 2021
From: SINA, ABU; TRAU, MATT; GARCIA CARRASCOSA, LAURA
To: THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND
Reel/Frame 055977/0110 →
Priority Claims (1)
AU 2018903935
· Oct 17, 2018
· national
Continuity (1)
References Cited (197)
US 4816567A
· Cabilly et al.
· 1989
[cited by applicant]
US 5212290A
· Vogelstein et al.
· 1993
[cited by applicant]
US 5457105A
· Barker
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
US 5475001A
· Barker
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
US 5525462A
· Takarada et al.
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5616582A
· Barker
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5654307A
· Bridges et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5679683A
· Bridges et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5693762A
· Queen et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5747498A
· Schnur et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5760041A
· Wissner et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5770599A
· Gibson
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5786146A
· Herman et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5804396A
· Plowman
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5866572A
· Barker et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 5891996A
· Mateo et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 5972602A
· Hyland et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6002008A
· Wissner et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6017704A
· Herman et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6033854A
· Kurnit et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6084095A
· Bridges et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6114117A
· Hepp et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6127120A
· Graham et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6140332A
· Traxler et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6180349B1
· Ginzinger et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6200756B1
· Herman et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6235883B1
· Jakobovits et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6265171B1
· Herman et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6265410B1
· Bridges et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6306597B1
· Macevicz
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6331393B1
· Laird et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6344317B2
· Urnovitz
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6344455B1
· Bridges et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6344459B1
· Bridges et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6391874B1
· Cockerill et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6399602B1
· Barker et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6448001B2
· Oku et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6455534B2
· Bridges et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6521620B1
· Bridges et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6528632B1
· Catanzariti et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6596726B1
· Bridges et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6602863B1
· Bridges et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6713484B2
· Bridges et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6797470B2
· Barany et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 7011944B2
· Prudent et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7037687B2
· Williams et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7083917B2
· Barany et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7166434B2
· Barany et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7169560B2
· Lapidus et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7186512B2
· Martienssen et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7232656B2
· Balasubramanian et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7320865B2
· Barany et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7332285B2
· Barany et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7364858B2
· Barany et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7429453B2
· Barany et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7459274B2
· Lakey et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7553627B2
· Laird et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7598035B2
· Macevicz
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7611869B2
· Fan
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7645596B2
· Williams et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7700324B1
· Issa et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7769400B2
· Backholm et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7901880B2
· Jeddeloh et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7910296B2
· Jeddeloh et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8323890B2
· Laird et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20050069879A1
· Berlin
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20100203594A1
· Segawa et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
EP 0659439B1
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
KR 1020160009357
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9630347A1
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9633978A1
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9633980A1
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9640210A1
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9738983A1
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9906396A1
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9814451A1
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9843960A1
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9850038A1
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9850433A2
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9906378A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9909016A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
WO WO9924037A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2005012578A1
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2005111209A1
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009021141A1
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009049916A2
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2018109212
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2020077409A1
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2022031620A2
· 2022
[cited by applicant]
Brotons et al. “Electrochemical detection of cytosine and 5-methylcytosine on Au(111) surfaces,” Electrochemistry Communications, 2016, vol. 65, pp. 27-30.
[cited by applicant]
Karymov et al. “DNA methylation-dependent chromatin fiber compaction in vivo and in vitro: requirement for linker histone,” FASEB Journal, Dec. 2001, vol. 15, pp. 2631-2641.
[cited by applicant]
Koo et al. “eMethylsorb: Rapid quantification of DNA methylation in cancer cells on screen-printed gold electrodes,” Analyst, 2014, vol. 139, No. 23, pp. 6178-6184.
[cited by applicant]
Lin et al. “Colorimetric Determination of DNA Methylation Based on the Strength of the Hydrophobic Interactions between DNA and Gold Nanoparticles,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013, vol. 5, No. 22, pp. 12045-12…
[cited by applicant]
Sina et al. “Epigenetically reprogrammed methylation landscape drives the DNA self-assembly and serves as a universal cancer biomarker,” Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, Article No. 4915, 13 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International (PCT) Patent Application No. PCT/AU2019/051131, dated Nov. 29, 2019, 11 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Acevedo et al. Analysis of the mechanisms mediating tumor-specific changes in gene expression in human liver tumors. Cancer Res. 68:2641-2651 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Acosta-Silva et al., Mutual relationship between stacking and hydrogen bonding in DNA. Theoretical study of guanine-cytosine, guanine-5-methylcytosine, and their dimers. J Phys Chem B. 114(31):10217-10227 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Ahmed et al., Detection of aberrant protein phosphorylation in cancer using direct gold-protein affinity interactions. Biosens Bioelectron. 91:8-14 (2017).
[cited by applicant]
Ashford, AiGene aims to remodel clinical trials with ctDNA tech for on-treatment response monitoring. GenomeWeb. Published Apr. 14, 2023.
[cited by applicant]
Balic et al., High quality assessment of DNA methylation in archival tissues from colorectal cancer patients using quantitative high-resolution melting analysis. J. Mol. Diagn. 11(2):102-108 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Ball et al., Targeted and genome-scale strategies reveal gene-body methylation signatures in human cells. Nat Biotechnol. 27(4):361-368 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Behe et al., Effects of methylation on a synthetic polynucleotide: the B—Z transition in poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 78(3):1619-1623 (1981).
[cited by applicant]
Bibikova et al., High-throughput DNA methylation profiling using universal bead arrays. Genome Res. 16(3):383-393 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Camafeita et al., SERS of cytosine and its methylated derivatives on gold sols. J Raman Spectrosc. 26(2):149-154 (1995).
[cited by applicant]
Chuang, What's Working: Where a company that develops cancer tests, other startups are finding funding in Colorado. The Colorado Sun (2023).
[cited by applicant]
Colorado Oedit, Early-stage capital and retention grant; advanced industries accelerator grant program. Colorado Office of Economic Development & International Trade (OEDIT). Press-release (2023).
[cited by applicant]
Colorado Oedit, Proof-of-concept award; advanced industries accelerator grant program. Colorado Office of Economic Development & International Trade (OEDIT). Letter and Press-release (2021).
[cited by applicant]
Costello et al., Restriction landmark genome scanning. Methods Mol Biol. 200:53-70 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Cottrell et al. A real-time PCR assay for DNA-methylation using methylation-specific blockers. Nucleic Acids Res. 32:e10 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Cottrell et al. Discovery and validation of 3 novel DNA methylation markers of prostate cancer prognosis. J. Urology 177:1753-1758 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Davies et al., Ultra-high resolution imaging of DNA and nucleosomes using non-contact atomic force microscopy. FEBS Lett. 579(7):1702-1706 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Degraves et al., High-Sensitivity Quantitative PCR Platform. Biotechniques. 34(1):106-115 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Deiman et al. Characteristics and applications of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA). Mol. Biotechnol. 20(2):163-179 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Deng et al., Targeted bisulfite sequencing reveals changes in DNA methylation associated with nuclear reprogramming. Nat Biotechnol. 27(4):353-360 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Derreumaux et al., Impact of CpG methylation on structure, dynamics and solvation of cAMP DNA responsive element. Nucleic Acids Res. 29(11):2314-2326 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Doluca et al., Molecular engineering of guanine-rich sequences: Z-DNA, DNA triplexes, and G-quadruplexes. Chem Rev. 113(5):3044-3083 (2013).
[cited by applicant]
Eads et al., MethyLight: a high-throughput assay to measure DNA methylation. Nucleic Acid Res. 28(8):e32 (2000).
[cited by applicant]
Elghanian et al., Selective colorimetric detection of polynucleotides based on the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles. Science. 277(5329):1078-1081 (1997).
[cited by applicant]
Fojt et al., Adsorption and two-dimensional condensation of 5-methylcytosine. Bioelectrochemistry. 75(2):89-94 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Frommer et al. A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands. PNAS USA 89:1827-1831 (1992).
[cited by applicant]
Fujii et al., Molecular structure of (m5 dC-dG)3: the role of the methyl group on 5-methyl cytosine in stabilizing Z-DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 10(23):7879-7892 (1982).
[cited by applicant]
Gasparac et al., Ultrasensitive electrocatalytic DNA detection at two- and three-dimensional nanoelectrodes. J Am Chem Soc. 126(39):12270-12271 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Gibson et al., A novel method for real time quantitative RT-PCR. Genome Research 6(10):995-1001 (1996).
[cited by applicant]
Golub et al.; Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science. 286(5439):531-537 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Gonzalgo et al., Rapid quantitation of methylation differences at specific sites using methylation-sensitive single nucleotide primer extension (Ms—SNuPE). Nucleic Acids Res. 25(12):2529-2531 (1997).
[cited by applicant]
Guo et al., Identification of methylation haplotype blocks aids in deconvolution of heterogeneous tissue samples and tumor tissue-of-origin mapping from plasma DNA. Nat Genet. 49(4):635-642 (2017).
[cited by applicant]
Hanley et al., The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 143(1):29-36 (1982).
[cited by applicant]
Harris, et al. Single-molecule DNA sequencing of a viral genome. Science. Apr. 4, 2008;320(5872):106-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1150427.
[cited by applicant]
Haskell, Press release: License agreement creates golden opportunity for cancer diagnostic technology. UniQuest Communications (2020).
[cited by applicant]
Herman et al., Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93(18):9821-9826 (1996).
[cited by applicant]
Hihath et al., Effects of cytosine methylation on DNA charge transport. J Phys Condens Matter. 24(16):164204 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Hodges-Garcia et al., Cytosine methylation can induce local distortions in the structure of duplex DNA. Biochemistry. 31(33):7595-7599 (1992).
[cited by applicant]
Hong et al., An electrochemical assay for DNA methylation based on 3D nanostructured gold electrode and methyl binding domain protein (Transducers 2015). IEEE Xplore. pp. 1545-1548 (2015).
[cited by applicant]
Hossain et al., Electrochemical biosensing strategies for DNA methylation analysis. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 94:63-73 (2017).
[cited by applicant]
Jiang et al., Lengthening and shortening of plasma DNA in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 112(11):E1317-E1325 (2015).
[cited by applicant]
Jimenez-Useche et al., The effect of DNA CpG methylation on the dynamic conformation of a nucleosome. Biophys J. 103(12):2502-2512 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Johns et al., Identification of the epitope for the epidermal growth factor receptor-specific monoclonal antibody 806 reveals that it preferentially recognizes an untethered form of the receptor. J Biol Chem. 279(29):30…
[cited by applicant]
Kaur et al., Hydrophobicity of methylated DNA as a possible mechanism for gene silencing. Phys Biol. 9(6):065001 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Kelley et al., Orienting DNA helices on gold using applied electric fields. Langmuir. 14(24):6781-6784 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Kimura-Suda Base-dependent competitive adsorption of single-stranded DNA on gold. J Am Chem Soc. 125(30):9014-9015 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Klysik et al., Effects of 5 cytosine methylation on the B-Z transition in DNA restriction fragments and recombinant plasmids. J Mol Biol. 168(1):51-71 (1983).
[cited by applicant]
Koga et al. Genome-wide screen of promoter methylation identifies novel markers in melanoma. Genome Res. 19:1462-1470 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Koo et al., Amplification-free detection of gene fusions in prostate cancer urinary samples using mRNA-Gold affinity interactions. Anal Chem. 88(13):6781-6788 (2016).
[cited by applicant]
Koo et al., DNA-bare gold affinity interactions: mechanism and applications in biosensing. Analytical Methods. 7(17):7042-7054 (2015).
[cited by applicant]
Koo et al., eMethylsorb: rapid quantification of DNA methylation in cancer cells on screen-printed gold electrodes. Analyst. 139(23):6178-84 (2014).
[cited by applicant]
Koo et al., Poly(A) Extensions of miRNAs for Amplification-Free Electrochemical Detection on Screen-Printed Gold Electrodes. Anal Chem. 88(4):2000-2005 (2016).
[cited by applicant]
Lee et al., Adsorption patterns of gold nanoparticles on methyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers. J Phys Chem C. 115(25):12501-12507 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Lee et al., Effects of DNA methylation on the structure of nucleosomes. J Am Chem Soc. 134(1):173-175 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Li et al., Colorimetric detection of DNA sequences based on electrostatic interactions with unmodified gold nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101(39):14036-14039 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Li et al., Label-free colorimetric detection of specific sequences in genomic DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. J Am Chem Soc. 126(35):10958-10961 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Margulies, et al. Genome Sequencing in Microfabricated High-density Picolitre Reactors. Nature. vol. No. 437, Issue No. 7057 (2005): 14 Pages.
[cited by applicant]
McClelland et al., Effect of site-specific modification on restriction endonucleases and DNA modification methyltransferases. Nucleic Acids Res. 22(17):3640-3659 (1994).
[cited by applicant]
Nicolaou et al., Calicheamicin ⊖1I: a rationally designed molecule with extremely potent and selective DNA cleaving properties and apoptosis inducing activity. Angew Chem IntlEd. Engl. 33:183-186 (1994).
[cited by applicant]
Nolte. Branched DNA signal amplification for direct quantitation of nucleic acid sequences in clinical specimens. Adv. Clin. Chem. 33:201-235 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Ohno et al., Aggregation behavior in water of amphiphilic diblock copolymers bearing biocompatible phosphorylcholine and cholesteryl groups. Polymer Journal. 47:71-76 (2015).
[cited by applicant]
Olek et al., The pre-implantation ontogeny of the H19 methylation imprint. Nature Genetics. 17(3):275-276 (1997).
[cited by applicant]
Orlandi et al., Cloning immunoglobulin variable domains for expression by the polymerase chain reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86(10):3833-3837 (1989).
[cited by applicant]
Peck et al., Energetics of B-to-Z transition in DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 80(20):6206-6210 (1983).
[cited by applicant]
Piana et al., The nature of the adsorption of nucleobases on the gold [111] surface. J Phys Chem B. 110(46):23467-23471 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Rauch et al., High-resolution mapping of DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation in lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(1):252-257 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Rein et al., Identifying 5-methylcytosine and related modifications in DNA genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 26(10):2255-2264 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Rich et al., Z-DNA: the long road to biological function. Nat Rev Genet. 4(7):566-572 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Russo, Electrochemical biosensor for point of care based monitoring of cancer progression using ctDNA methylscape as a biomarker. Session No. C48-06, Room-122B. Bioanalytical applications of electrochemical based sensor…
[cited by applicant]
Sadri et al. Rapid analysis of DNA methylation using new restriction enzyme sites created by bisulfite modification. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:5058-5059 (1996).
[cited by applicant]
Sandhu, Protein engineering of antibodies. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 12(5-6):437-462 (1992).
[cited by applicant]
Sato et al., Rapid aggregation of gold nanoparticles induced by non-cross-linking DNA hybridization. J Am Chem Soc. 125(27):8102-8103 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Schübeler, Function and information content of DNA methylation. Nature. 517(7534):321-326 (2015).
[cited by applicant]
Severin et al., Cytosine methylation alters DNA mechanical properties. Nucleic Acids Res. 39(20):8740-8751 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Shimooka et al., Most methylation-susceptible DNA sequences in human embryonic stem cells undergo a change in conformation or flexibility upon methylation. Biochemistry. 52(8):1344-1353 (2013).
[cited by applicant]
Sina et al., eMethylsorb: electrochemical quantification of DNA methylation at CpG resolution using DNA-gold affinity interactions. Chem Commun (Camb). 50(86):13153-13156 (2014).
[cited by applicant]
Sina et al., Methylsorb: a simple method for quantifying DNA methylation using DNA-gold affinity interactions. Anal Chem. 86(20):10179-85 (2014).
[cited by applicant]
Singer et al., Optimal humanization of 1B4, an anti-CD18 murine monoclonal antibody, is achieved by correct choice of human V-region framework sequences. J Immunol. 150(7):2844-2857 (1993).
[cited by applicant]
Smith et al., DNA methylation: roles in mammalian development. Nat Rev Genet. 14(3):204-220 (2013).
[cited by applicant]
Snyder et al., Cell-free DNA comprises an in vivo nucleosome footprint that informs its tissues-of-origin. Cell. 164(1-2):57-68 (2016).
[cited by applicant]
Soleymani et al., Nanostructuring of patterned microelectrodes to enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical nucleic acids detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 48(45):8457-8460 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Soni, et al. Progress toward ultrafast DNA sequencing using solid-state nanopores. Clin Chem. Nov. 2007;53(11):1996-2001. Epub Sep. 21, 2007.
[cited by applicant]
Storhoff et al., Sequence-dependent stability of DNA-modified gold nanoparticles. Langmuir. 18(17) 6666-6670 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Stragliotto et al., Multiple infusions of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (EMD 55,900) in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Eur J Cancer. 32A(4):636-640 (1996).
[cited by applicant]
Sun et al., Plasma DNA tissue mapping by genome-wide methylation sequencing for noninvasive prenatal, cancer, and transplantation assessments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 112(40): E5503-E5512 (2015).
[cited by applicant]
Suzuki et al., DNA methylation landscapes: provocative insights from epigenomics. Nat Rev Genet. 9(6):465-476 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Taub, aiGENE is proud to announce our partnership with the Department of the Air Force Material Command's competitive awards-based Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. Air Force SBIR award (2023).
[cited by applicant]
Taub et al., Novel “SMARTer” clinical trial design improves odds of approval and can reduce study size by over 80%: Modeling use of a ctDNA “optimizing diagnostic” for early therapy switching in immuno-oncology trials. …
[cited by applicant]
Tost et al., DNA methylation analysis by pyrosequencing. Nat Protoc. 2(9):2265-2275 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Toyota et al., Identification of differentially methylated sequences in colorectal cancer by methylated CpG island amplification. Cancer Res. 59(10):2307-2312 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Tuab et al., Abstract P049: A simplified, potentially point-of-care (POC), electrode method detects changes in the amount of cfDNA/ctDNA and evaluates the response of advanced cancer patients to therapy. Cancer Prev Res…
[cited by applicant]
Underhill et al. Fragment Length of Circulating Tumor DNA. Edited by David J. Kwiatkowski. PLOS Genetics 12(7):e1006162 (2016).
[cited by applicant]
Ushijima et al. Methylation-Sensitive Representational Difference Analysis (MS-RDA). Methods Mol Biol 507:117-130 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Wang et al., Monitoring DNA immobilization and hybridization on surfaces by atomic force microscopy force measurements. Anal Chem. 73(10):2207-2212 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Wojdacz et al., Methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM): a new approach for sensitive and high-throughput assessment of methylation. Nucleic Acids Res. 35(6):e41 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Xia et al.; Colorimetric detection of DNA, small molecules, proteins, and ions using unmodified gold nanoparticles and conjugated polyelectrolytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107(24):10837-10841 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Xiong et al COBRA: a sensitive and quantitative DNA methylation assay. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:2532-2534 (1997).
[cited by applicant]
Yong, Cancer biomarkers: Written in blood. Nature. 511(7511):524-526 (2014).
[cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., DNA hybridization “turns on” electro-catalysis at gold electrodes. Chem Commun (Camb). (11):1154-1156 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., Investigation of ordered ds-DNA monolayers on gold electrodes. J Phys Chem B. 106(43):11233-11239 (2002).
[cited by applicant]
Zou et al., Sensitive Quantification of vimentin methylation with a novel methylation specific qInvader technology. Clinical Chemistry 56(6) Supplement, 2010 AACC poster presentation, D-144: A198 (2010).
[cited by applicant]