Procedure for generating the data for the reconstruction of a volume in a flat object using an X-ray system

1. A procedure for generating the data for the reconstruction of a volume in a flat object ( 4 ) using an X-ray system, which has three imaging components, namely a tube ( 1 ), a detector ( 3 ) and an object ( 4 ) located between them, wherein the tube ( 1 ) has a focus ( 2 ), which, in a central position of the tube ( 1 ), forms the coordinate origin of a first Cartesian coordinate system, and emits a cone beam ( 10 ), the centre ray ( 14 ) of which forms the z axis of the first coordinate system and the x axis runs horizontally,

wherein, in a central position of the detector ( 3 ), the centre ray ( 14 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) perpendicularly and this point of impact forms the origin of a second Cartesian coordinate system, the z d axis of which, in the central position of the detector ( 3 ), is identical to the z axis in the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and the x d axis runs horizontally,

wherein, in a neutral position ( 5 ) of the object ( 4 ), the object ( 4 ) has a third Cartesian coordinate system, the origin of which is the intersection between the centre ray ( 14 ) of the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and a vertically running axis of rotation of the object ( 4 ), the z o axis of which, in its neutral position ( 5 ), coincides with the centre ray ( 14 ) in the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and the x o axis of which, in its neutral position ( 5 ), runs parallel to the x axis in the central position of the tube ( 1 ),

wherein at least two of the three imaging components are movable along their respective y axis, thus the tube ( 1 ) along they axis according to its central position, the detector ( 3 ) along the y d axis according to its central position, the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis according to its neutral position ( 5 ),

wherein the object ( 4 ) is movable along the x o axis according to its neutral position ( 5 ) and rotatable about the y o axis according to its neutral position ( 5 ),

passing through a vertical trajectory with the following steps:

a1) moving at least two of the three imaging components into a configuration in which at least two of the three imaging components are located outside the basic position, the z, z o and z d axes run parallel to each other, the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other and there is a first swivel angle θ u between a central ray ( 11 ) and the z axis in the yz plane, wherein the detector ( 3 ) has a y d1 coordinate and the tube ( 1 ) has a y 1 coordinate, wherein a central ray ( 11 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system;

b1) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis from a first extreme point to a second extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the first extreme point has a y o1 coordinate and the second extreme point has a y o2 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

c1) then moving at least two of the three imaging components into a configuration in which at least two of the three imaging components are located outside the basic position, the z, z o and z d axes run parallel to each other, the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other and there is a second swivel angle θ o between a central ray ( 11 ) and the z axis in the yz plane, wherein the detector ( 3 ) has a y d2 coordinate and the tube ( 1 ) has a y 2 coordinate and the central ray ( 11 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system and wherein y 2 ≠y 1 and y d2 ≠y d1 ;

d1) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis from a third extreme point to a fourth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement,

wherein the third extreme point has a y o3 coordinate and the fourth extreme point has a y o4 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

passing through a horizontal trajectory with the following steps:

e1) moving the tube ( 1 ), the detector ( 3 ) and the object ( 4 ) into a configuration in which the tube ( 1 ) and the detector ( 3 ) are located in their respective central position and the object ( 4 ) is located in its neutral position ( 5 );

f1) then rotating the object ( 4 ) out of its neutral position ( 5 ) by a first angle of rotation β l about the y o axis and moving the object ( 4 ) parallel to the x axis of the tube ( 1 ) in its central position from a fifth extreme point to a sixth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the fifth extreme point has an x o1 coordinate and the sixth extreme point has an x o2 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

g1) then rotating the object ( 4 ) by a second angle of rotation β r , wherein β r ≠β l , about the y o axis and moving the object ( 4 ) parallel to the x axis of the tube ( 1 ) in its central position from a seventh extreme point to an eighth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the seventh extreme point has [about] an x o3 coordinate and the eighth extreme point has an x o4 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray.

2. The procedure according to claim 1 , wherein the object ( 4 ) is movable along the z o axis and the detector ( 3 ) is movable along the z d axis.

3. The procedure according to claim 1 , wherein the detector ( 3 ) is fully illuminated by the cone beam ( 10 ) during the taking of each X-ray image.

4. The procedure according to claim 1 , wherein the tube ( 1 ) is rotatable about the y axis and/or the tube ( 1 ) is rotatable about the x axis and/or the detector ( 3 ) is rotatable about the y d axis and/or the detector ( 3 ) is rotatable about the x d axis.

5. The procedure according to claim 4 , wherein the central ray ( 11 ) is always perpendicular to the surface of the detector ( 3 ).

6. The procedure according to claim 1 , wherein the object ( 4 ) passes right through the cone beam ( 10 ) during each partial trajectory.

7. A procedure for generating the data for the reconstruction of a volume in a flat object ( 4 ) using an X-ray system, which has three imaging components, namely a tube ( 1 ), a detector ( 3 ) and an object ( 4 ) located between them, wherein the tube ( 1 ) has a focus ( 2 ), which, in a central position of the tube ( 1 ), forms the coordinate origin of a first Cartesian coordinate system, and emits a cone beam ( 10 ), the centre ray ( 14 ) of which forms the z axis of the first coordinate system and the x axis runs horizontally,

wherein, in a central position of the detector ( 3 ), the centre ray ( 14 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) perpendicularly and this point of impact forms the origin of a second Cartesian coordinate system, the z d axis of which, in the central position of the detector ( 3 ), is identical to the z axis in the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and the x d axis runs horizontally,

wherein, in a neutral position ( 5 ) of the object ( 4 ), the object ( 4 ) has a third Cartesian coordinate system, the origin of which is the intersection between the centre ray ( 14 ) of the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and a vertically running axis of rotation of the object ( 4 ), the z o axis of which, in its neutral position ( 5 ), coincides with the centre ray ( 14 ) in the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and the x o axis of which, in its neutral position ( 5 ), runs parallel to the x axis in the central position of the tube ( 1 ),

wherein at least two of the three imaging components are movable along their respective y axis and their respective x axis, thus the tube ( 1 ) along the y axis/x axis according to its central position, the detector ( 3 ) along the y d axis/x d axis according to its central position, the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis/x o axis according to its neutral position ( 5 ),

with the following steps:

passing through a vertical trajectory with the following steps:

a2) moving at least two of the three imaging components into a configuration in which at least two of the three imaging components are located outside the basic position, the z, z o and z d axes run parallel to each other, the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other and there is a first swivel angle θ u between a central ray and the z axis in the yz plane, wherein the detector ( 3 ) has a y d1 coordinate and the tube ( 1 ) has a y 1 coordinate, wherein a central ray ( 11 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system;

b2) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis from a first extreme point to a second extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the first extreme point has a y o1 coordinate and the second extreme point has a y o2 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

c2) then moving at least two of the three imaging components into a configuration in which at least two of the three imaging components are located outside the basic position, the z, z o and z d axes run parallel to each other, the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other and there is a second swivel angle θ o between a central ray and the z axis in the yz plane, wherein the detector ( 3 ) has a y d2 coordinate and the tube ( 1 ) has a y 2 coordinate and the central ray ( 11 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system and wherein y 2 ≠y 1 and y d2 ≠y d1 ;

d2) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis from a third extreme point to a fourth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement,

wherein the third extreme point has a y o3 coordinate and the fourth extreme point has a y o4 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

passing through a horizontal trajectory with the following steps:

e2) moving at least two of the three imaging components into a configuration in which at least two of the three imaging components are located outside the basic position, the z, z o and z d axes run parallel to each other, the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other and there is a first angle of rotation β l between a central ray ( 11 ) and the z axis in the xz plane, wherein the detector ( 3 ) has an x d1 coordinate and the tube ( 1 ) has an x 1 coordinate, wherein a central ray ( 11 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system;

f2) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the x o axis from a fifth extreme point to a sixth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement,

wherein the fifth extreme point has an x o1 coordinate and the sixth extreme point has an x o2 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

g2) then moving at least two of the three imaging components into a configuration in which at least two of the three imaging components are located outside the basic position, the z, z o and z d axes run parallel to each other, the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other and there is a second angle of rotation β r between a central ray ( 11 ) and the z axis in the xz plane, wherein the detector ( 3 ) has an x d2 coordinate and the tube ( 1 ) has an x 2 coordinate and the central ray ( 11 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system, wherein x 2 ≠x 1 and x d2 ≠x d1 ;

h2) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the x o axis from a seventh extreme point to an eighth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the seventh extreme point has an x o3 coordinate and the eighth extreme point has an x o4 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray.

8. The procedure according to claim 7 , wherein the object ( 4 ) is movable along the z o axis and the detector ( 3 ) is movable along the z d axis.

9. The procedure according to claim 7 , wherein the detector ( 3 ) is fully illuminated by the cone beam ( 10 ) during the taking of each X-ray image.

10. The procedure according to claim 7 , wherein the tube ( 1 ) is rotatable about the y axis and/or the tube ( 1 ) is rotatable about the x axis and/or the detector ( 3 ) is rotatable about the y d axis and/or the detector ( 3 ) is rotatable about the x d axis.

11. The procedure according to claim 10 , wherein the central ray ( 11 ) is always perpendicular to the surface of the detector ( 3 ).

12. The procedure according to claim 7 , wherein the object ( 4 ) passes right through the cone beam ( 10 ) during each partial trajectory.

13. A procedure for generating the data for the reconstruction of a volume in a flat object ( 4 ) using an X-ray system, which has a tube ( 1 ), a detector ( 3 ) and an object ( 4 ) located between them,

wherein the tube ( 1 ) has a focus ( 2 ), which, in a central position of the tube ( 1 ), forms the coordinate origin of a first Cartesian coordinate system, and emits a cone beam ( 10 ), the centre ray ( 14 ) of which forms the z axis of the first coordinate system and the x axis runs horizontally,

wherein, in a central position of the detector ( 3 ), the centre ray ( 14 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) perpendicularly and this point of impact forms the origin of a second Cartesian coordinate system, the z d axis of which, in the central position of the detector ( 3 ), is identical to the z axis in the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and the x d axis runs horizontally,

wherein, in a neutral position ( 5 ) of the object ( 4 ), the object ( 4 ) has a third Cartesian coordinate system, the origin of which is the intersection between the centre ray ( 14 ) of the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and a vertically running axis of rotation of the object ( 4 ), the z o axis of which, in its neutral position ( 5 ), coincides with the centre ray ( 14 ) in the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and the x o axis of which, in its neutral position ( 5 ), runs parallel to the x axis in the central position of the tube ( 1 ),

wherein the tube ( 1 ) is movable along they axis according to its central position,

wherein at least two of the three imaging components are movable along their respective x axis, thus the tube ( 1 ) along the x axis according to its central position, the detector ( 3 ) along the x d axis according to its central position, the object ( 4 ) along the x o axis according to its neutral position ( 5 ),

wherein the object ( 4 ) is movable about the y o axis according to its neutral position ( 5 ) and rotatable along the x o axis in each case according to its neutral position ( 5 ),

with the following steps:

passing through a vertical trajectory with the following steps:

a3) moving the three imaging components into the basic position, in which the z, z o and z d axes coincide and the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other, and rotating the object ( 4 ) by a first swivel angle θ u about the x o axis;

b3) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis from a first extreme point to a second extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the first extreme point has a y o1 coordinate and the second extreme point has a y o2 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

c3) then rotating the object ( 4 ) by a second swivel angle θ o , which differs from the first swivel angle θ u , about the x o axis;

d3) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis from a third extreme point to a fourth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the third extreme point has a y o3 coordinate and the fourth extreme point has a y o4 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

passing through a horizontal trajectory with the following steps:

e3) moving at least two of the three imaging components into a configuration in which at least two of the three imaging components are located outside the basic position, the z, z o and z d axes run parallel to each other, the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other and there is a first angle of rotation β l between a central ray ( 11 ) and the z axis in the xz plane, wherein the detector ( 3 ) has an x d1 coordinate and the tube ( 1 ) has an x 1 coordinate, wherein a central ray ( 11 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system;

f3) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the x o axis from a fifth extreme point to a sixth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement,

wherein the fifth extreme point has an x o1 coordinate and the sixth extreme point has an x o2 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

g3) then moving at least two of the three imaging components into a configuration in which at least two of the three imaging components are located outside the basic position, the z, z o and z d axes run parallel to each other, the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other and there is a second angle of rotation β r between a central ray ( 11 ) and the z axis in the xz plane, wherein the detector ( 3 ) has an x d2 coordinate and the tube ( 1 ) has an x 2 coordinate and the central ray ( 11 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system, wherein x 2 ≠x 1 and x d2 ≠x d1 ;

h3) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the x o axis from a seventh extreme point to an eighth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the seventh extreme point has an x o3 coordinate and the eighth extreme point has an x o4 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray.

14. The procedure according to claim 13 , wherein the object ( 4 ) is movable along the z o axis and the detector ( 3 ) is movable along the z d axis.

15. The procedure according to claim 13 , wherein the detector ( 3 ) is fully illuminated by the cone beam ( 10 ) during the taking of each X-ray image.

16. The procedure according to claim 13 , wherein the tube ( 1 ) is rotatable about the y axis and/or the tube ( 1 ) is rotatable about the x axis and/or the detector ( 3 ) is rotatable about the y d axis and/or the detector ( 3 ) is rotatable about the x d axis.

17. The procedure according to claim 16 , wherein the central ray ( 11 ) is always perpendicular to the surface of the detector ( 3 ).

18. The procedure according to claim 13 , wherein the object ( 4 ) passes right through the cone beam ( 10 ) during each partial trajectory.

19. A procedure for generating the data for the reconstruction of a volume in a flat object ( 4 ) using an X-ray system, which has a tube ( 1 ), a detector ( 3 ) and an object ( 4 ) located between them,

wherein the tube ( 1 ) has a focus ( 2 ), which, in a central position of the tube ( 1 ), forms the coordinate origin of a first Cartesian coordinate system, and emits a cone beam ( 10 ), the centre ray ( 14 ) of which forms the z axis of the first coordinate system and the x axis runs horizontally,

wherein, in a central position of the detector ( 3 ), the centre ray ( 14 ) strikes the detector ( 3 ) perpendicularly and this point of impact forms the origin of a second Cartesian coordinate system, the z d axis of which, in the central position of the detector ( 3 ), is identical to the z axis in the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and the x d axis runs horizontally,

wherein, in a neutral position ( 5 ) of the object ( 4 ), the object ( 4 ) has a third Cartesian coordinate system, the origin of which is the intersection between the centre ray of the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and a vertically running axis of rotation of the object ( 4 ), the z o axis of which, in its neutral position, coincides with the centre ray ( 14 ) in the central position of the tube ( 1 ) and the x o axis of which, in its neutral position ( 5 ), runs parallel to the x axis in the central position of the tube ( 1 ),

wherein the object ( 4 ) is movable along the x o axis and the y o axis in each case according to its neutral position ( 5 ), rotatable about the x o axis and the y o axis in each case according to its neutral position ( 5 ),

with the following steps:

passing through a vertical trajectory with the following steps:

a4) moving the three imaging components into the basic position, in which the z, z o and z d axes coincide and the x, x o and x d axes run parallel to each other, and rotating the object ( 4 ) by a first swivel angle θ u about the x o axis;

b4) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis from a first extreme point to a second extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the first extreme point has a y o1 coordinate and the second extreme point has a y o2 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

c4) then rotating the object ( 4 ) by a second swivel angle Go, which differs from the first swivel angle θ u , about the x o axis;

d4) then moving the object ( 4 ) along the y o axis from a third extreme point to a fourth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the third extreme point has a y o3 coordinate and the fourth extreme point has a y o4 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

passing through a horizontal trajectory with the following steps:

e4) moving the tube ( 1 ), the detector ( 3 ) and the object ( 4 ) into a configuration in which the tube ( 1 ) and the detector ( 3 ) are located in their respective central position and the object ( 4 ) is located in its neutral position ( 5 );

f4) then rotating the object ( 4 ) out of its neutral position ( 5 ) by a first angle of rotation β l about the y o axis and moving the object ( 4 ) parallel to the x axis of the tube ( 1 ) in its central position from a fifth extreme point to a sixth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the fifth extreme point has an x o1 coordinate and the sixth extreme point has an x o2 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray;

g4) then rotating the object ( 4 ) by a second angle of rotation β r , wherein β r ≠β l , about the y o axis and moving the object ( 4 ) parallel to the x axis of the tube ( 1 ) in its central position from a seventh extreme point to an eighth extreme point, wherein X-ray images, which are stored in a storage medium, are made at predefinable distances along the movement, wherein the seventh extreme point has [about] an x o3 coordinate and the eighth extreme point has an x o4 coordinate, wherein the object ( 4 ) has passed at least partially through the X-ray.

20. The procedure according to claim 19 , wherein the object ( 4 ) is movable along the z o axis and the detector ( 3 ) is movable along the z d axis.

21. The procedure according to claim 19 , wherein the detector ( 3 ) is fully illuminated by the cone beam ( 10 ) during the taking of each X-ray image.

22. The procedure according to claim 19 , wherein the tube ( 1 ) is rotatable about the y axis and/or the tube ( 1 ) is rotatable about the x axis and/or the detector ( 3 ) is rotatable about the y d axis and/or the detector ( 3 ) is rotatable about the x d axis.

23. The procedure according to claim 22 , wherein the central ray ( 11 ) is always perpendicular to the surface of the detector ( 3 ).

24. The procedure according to claim 19 , wherein the object ( 4 ) passes right through the cone beam ( 10 ) during each partial trajectory.