Plant tissue-derived nanoparticles and food powders
Provided herein are nanoparticles including self-assembled cellular components derived from a homogenized plant tissue. Also provided are food powders and other related compositions. Methods for preparing such nanoparticles and food powders, as well as uses thereof in the treatment or prevention of diseases or disorders in a subject and/or as delivery vehicles are also described.
1. A nanoparticle comprising self-assembled cellular components derived from a homogenized plant tissue derived from cherry or sour cherry, the cellular components comprising one or more structural carbohydrates or cleavage products of one or more structural carbohydrates, wherein the nanoparticle is non-crystalline and has a spherical structure with a pectin based inner core, wherein the nanoparticle is lipid-free, and
wherein the nanoparticle comprises pectin or a cleavage product of pectin, hemicellulose or a cleavage product of hemicellulose, peptide and/or protein or a cleavage product of peptide and/or protein, an organic acid, at least one polyphenol or a cleavage product of a polyphenol, or any combination thereof.
2. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle further comprises:
an intermediate layer surrounding the inner core, the intermediate layer comprising macromolecules of pectin, a cleavage product of pectin, hemicellulose, a cleavage product of hemicellulose and/or polyphenol, and organic acid;
wherein the polyphenol comprises an anthocyanin;
wherein the organic acid comprises malic acid, ascorbic acid, or both; and
a fibrillated outer layer comprising macromolecular carbohydrate and protein, optionally formed from catabolism during ripening and/or during homogenization of the plant tissue.
3. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the cellular components comprise those liberated from the plant tissue during ripening or during homogenization of ripened fruit, which are capable of self-assembling into the nanoparticle; and the one or more structural carbohydrates comprise one or more of pectin or a cleavage product of pectin, pectic acid or a cleavage product of pectic acid, methyl ester of pectin or a cleavage product of methyl ester of pectin, a pectin derivative or a cleavage product of the pectin derivative, polygalacturonic acid or a cleavage product of polygalacturonic acid, rhamnogalacturonans or a cleavage product of rhamnoglacturonans, xylogucans or a cleavage product of xylogucans, hemicelluloses or a cleavage product of hemicelluloses, xyloglucans possessing β-(1→4)-linked backbones of glucose, mannose, or xylose, and/or arabinogalactans or a cleavage product of xyloglucans possessing β-(1→4)-linked backbones of glucose, mannose, or xylose, and/or arabinogalactans.
4. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle has a diameter of about 50-250 nm.
5. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle comprises:
an intermediate layer surrounding the inner core, the intermediate layer comprising one or more spiral fibril structures comprising pectin or a derivative thereof, and one or more hemicellulose-derived molecules or a derivative thereof; and
a fibrillated outer layer comprising hemicellulose or a cleavage product of hemicellulose, and one or more peptides derived from cellular proteins.
6. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is stabilized by hydrogen-bonding interactions present at a pH ranging from about 3 to about 7 and formed between macromolecules derived from catabolism of cellular components of the plant tissue and possessing hydroxyl groups and/or amino groups and/or organic acid groups.
7. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , further comprising a biologically active agent; wherein the biologically active agent is a pharmaceutically active drug, protein, enzyme, nutraceutical, or nutrient.
8. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , in aqueous solution, in powder form, in dehydrated, lyophilized, freeze-dried, spray-dried, or nanospray-dried form.
9. A nanoparticle prepared by a method comprising:
preparing a homogenized plant tissue in solution, comprising cellular components liberated from the plant tissue;
removing debris from the homogenized plant tissue, if present; and
optionally, dialyzing the homogenized plant tissue to remove non-complexed compounds, or removing the non-complexed compounds by size exclusion,
thereby providing a solution comprising the nanoparticles which are formed by self-assembly of the cellular components.
10. A food powder prepared from the nanoparticle as defined in claim 1 , optionally wherein the food powder is provided in a micro-scale fine powder form.
11. A food powder comprising self-assembled cellular components derived from a homogenized plant tissue derived from cherry or sour cherry, the cellular components comprising one or more structural carbohydrates or cleavage products of one or more structural carbohydrates, and further comprising at least one nutritional agent, wherein lipids are not a structural component of the food powder.
12. The food powder of claim 11 , wherein the food powder comprises:
fibrous structures winding about themselves to form a nanosphere-like structure; and
optionally a hydrophobic component,
wherein the hydrophobic component comprises or is provided in almond milk, coconut milk, and/or milk derived from an edible nut.
13. The food powder of claim 11 , wherein the nutritional agent comprises a naturally occurring active ingredient having a health benefit; wherein the nutritional agent comprises one or more carotenoids, annonacins, Boswelia, Ashwagandha, Ginger family members, cannabinodiols, fructo-oligosacchgarides, galacto-oligosaccharides, inulin, Jerusalem artichoke, Piperaceae family members, Piper nigrum or a wild relative containing piperine and/or derivatives thereof, or any active ingredient thereof having a health benefit, or any extract, derivative, or product isolated therefrom, or any combinations thereof.
14. The food powder of claim 11 , wherein the food powder comprises:
sour cherry, or an aqueous extract thereof;
almond milk or another homogenate of almonds;
soymilk, or another homogenate of soybean;
broccoli, or an aqueous extract thereof; and
turmeric, or a powder thereof.
15. The food powder of claim 14 , comprising:
about 25-30 v/v % sour cherry extract;
optionally wherein the sour cherry extract is about 1-2 mg/ml of polyphenol equivalent;
about 25-30 v/v % almond milk or other homogenate of almonds;
about 10-18 v/v % soymilk or other homogenate of soybean;
about 25-30 v/v % broccoli extract; and
about 0.5-2.5 w/v % turmeric or powder thereof.
16. A food powder produced by a method comprising:
preparing a homogenized plant tissue in solution, comprising cellular components liberated from the plant tissue, the cellular components comprising one or more structural carbohydrates or cleavage products thereof, and the homogenized plant tissue in solution further comprising at least one nutritional agent;
optionally, removing debris from the homogenized plant tissue in solution, if present; and
freeze-drying, lyophilizing, spray-drying, or nanospray drying the homogenized plant tissue in solution to form the food powder.
17. An antibacterial food powder, comprising a food powder as defined claim 11 , complexed with or conjugated with an antibacterial agent.
18. The antibacterial food powder of claim 17 , wherein the antibacterial agent comprises lysozyme, a tetracycline, or Nisin, or any combination thereof.
19. The food powder of claim 15 , wherein the sour cherry extract is at least about 0.1 mg/ml of polyphenol equivalent.