IP Library Granted Patent US 12,409,172
Granted Patent B2
US 12,409,172 · App. 18/790,828 · Granted Sep 9, 2025

Dosage regimen

Inventors: Morten Otto Alexander Sommer (Hellerup, DK); Jakob Felding (Hellerup, DK); Kim Domela Kjøller (Hellerup, DK); Mads Jellingsø (Hellerup, DK); Morten Lind Jensen (Hellerup, DK); Eckhard Niemeier (Hellerup, DK)
Assignee: UNION therapeutics A/S
A61K31/4436A61K9/0053A61K9/20A61P17/06
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,409,172
App. No.
18/790,828
Granted
Sep 9, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Provided herein is orismilast for use in the treatment a disease or disorder ameliorated by inhibiting PDE 4 in a subject, wherein the orismilast is administered to the subject according to a specific dosage regimen. Also provided is orismilast for use the treatment of pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis.

Claims (141)

1. A method of treating a disease selected from psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in a subject, the method comprising orally administering orismilast to the subject, wherein:

(Ai) (i) an initial orismilast dose of 10 mg is administered to the subject once per day for two weeks if the subject has body mass of less than 60 kg, or

(ii) an initial orismilast dose of 20 mg is administered to the subject once per day for two weeks if the subject has body mass of greater than or equal to 60 kg;

followed by

(Aii) (i) an interim orismilast dose of 10 mg administered to the subject twice per day for an interim time period if the subject has body mass of less than 60 kg; or

(ii) an interim orismilast dose of 20 mg administered to the subject twice per day for an interim time period if the subject has body mass of greater than or equal to 60 kg;

followed by;

(Aiii) (i) a maintenance orismilast dose of 10 mg administered to the subject twice per day if the subject has a body mass of less than 60 kg, or

(ii) a maintenance orismilast dose of 20 mg administered to the subject twice per day if the subject has body mass of greater than or equal to 60 kg to less than 100 kg, or

(iii) a maintenance orismilast dose of 30 mg administered to the subject twice per day if the subject has a body mass of greater than or equal to 100 kg;

wherein the interim time period is one to eight weeks.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the interim time period is two weeks.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the interim time period is four weeks.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the interim time period is six weeks.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the interim time period is eight weeks.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disease is psoriasis.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disease is moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis.

8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein:

(i) the subject has a 75% reduction in PASI (PASI75) from baseline after 16 weeks of treatment; or

(ii) the subject has a 90% reduction in PASI (PASI90) from baseline after 16 weeks of treatment; or

(iii) the subject has a 100% reduction in PASI (PASI100) from baseline after 16 weeks of treatment; or

(iii) the subject achieves a Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) of clear (0) or almost clear (1) after 16 weeks of treatment.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disease is atopic dermatitis.

10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disease is moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein:

(i) the subject has a 75% reduction in EASI (EASI75) from baseline after 16 weeks of treatment; or

(ii) the subject has a 90% reduction in EASI (EASI90) from baseline after 16 weeks of treatment; or

(iii) the subject has a 100% reduction in EASI (EASI100) from baseline after 16 weeks of treatment; or

(iv) the subject achieves an Investigator Global Assessment for AD (IGA-AD) score of clear (0) or almost clear (1) and at least a 2-point improvement in IGA-AD from baseline after 16 weeks of treatment; or

(v) the subject achieves an Investigator Global Assessment for AD (IGA-AD) score of clear (0) after 16 weeks of treatment.

12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the orismilast is orally administered to the subject in the form of a modified release formulation comprising the orismilast.

13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the modified release formulation releases a mean amount of about 10% to about 70% of the orismilast after 45 minutes and more than about 70% after 180 minutes, when measured in-vitro using Ph. Eur. 2.9.3 Apparatus II, with a dissolution medium of 900 ml 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate in 0.1N HCl, a paddle speed of 75 rpm, and the dissolution medium at 37±0.5° C.

14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the modified release formulation comprises orismilast and a polymeric matrix.

15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises a hydrophilic or hydrophobic matrix.

16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the polymer matrix is selected from one or more polymers selected from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose a polyethylene oxide, a polyethylene glycol, a polyethyleneoxide-polypropyleneoxide block-co-polymer, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a copolymers of PVP and vinyl acetate, a poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate), polyvinyl alcohol, a sugar alcohol and a biodegradable polymer.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the polymeric matrix comprises hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the modified release formulation comprises of from about 15% w/w to about 20% w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, wherein a 2% solution of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in water at 20° C. has a viscosity of from 80 to 120 mPa·s.

19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the modified release formulation comprises a core comprising:

(i) orismilast;

(ii) a hydrophilic matrix former, wherein the hydrophilic matrix former is present in a concentration of from about 15% w/w to about 20% w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based on the weight of the core;

(iii) from about 30% w/w to about 78% w/w lactose monohydrate based on the weight of the core; and

(iv) optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients selected from the group consisting of glidants and lubricants;

wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable coating system on the core.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein a 2% solution of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in water at 20° C. has a viscosity of from 80 to 120 mPa·s; and the pharmaceutically acceptable coating system is a PVA-based coating system.

21. The method of claim 12 , wherein the modified release formulation comprises Core 1, Core 2 or Core 3 selected from Table A or Core 4, Core 5 or Core 6 selected from Table B:

TABLE A

% w/w of the core

Component

Core 1

Core 2

Core 3

orismilast

 2.5-4.5%

 5.5-7.7%

   9-11%

Lactose monohydrate

 70-85%

 69-80%

 66-76%

Hydroxypropyl

 12-23%

 12-23%

 12-23%

methylcellulose

Anhydrous colloidal

0.01-1.5%

0.01-1.5%

0.01-1.5%

silica

Magnesium stearate

0.01-2.0%

0.01-2.0%

0.01-2.0%

wherein the core in Table A is coated with a water-soluble film coating in an amount to provide about 3% to 5% weight gain of the core;

TABLE B

Amount

Component

Core 4

Core 5

Core 6

orismilast

10

mg

20

mg

30

mg

Lactose monohydrate

233

mg

223

mg

213

mg

Hydroxypropyl

52.5

mg

52.5

mg

52.5

mg

methylcellulose

Anhydrous colloidal

1.5

mg

1.5

mg

1.5

mg

silica

Magnesium stearate

3.0

mg

3.0

mg

3.0

mg

Core weight

300

mg

300

mg

300

mg

Water-soluble film

12

mg

12

mg

12

mg

coating

Coated core weight

312

mg

312

mg

312

mg.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein a 2% solution of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in water at 20° C. has a viscosity of from 80 to 120 mPa·s; and the water-soluble film coating is a PVA-based pharmaceutically acceptable coating system is a polyvinyl alcohol-based coating.

23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in Core 1, Core 2 and Core 3 is present in an amount of about 17.5% w/w of the core.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Apr 28, 2025
From: SOMMER, MORTEN OTTO ALEXANDER; FELDING, JAKOB; KJOLLER, KIM DOMELA; JELLINGSO, MADS; JENSEN, MORTEN LIND; NIEMEIER, ECKHARD
To: UNION THERAPEUTICS A/S
Reel/Frame 070961/0480 →
Priority Claims (1)
GB 2306662 · May 5, 2023 · national
Continuity (2)
Continuation PCTEP2024062355 · May 3, 2024
Related Publication 20250090512A1 · Mar 20, 2025
References Cited (231)
US 5712298A · Amschler · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 6094614A · Hiwatashi · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6549840B1 · Mikami et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6630813B2 · Berels et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 8338431B2 · Bollu et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8940761B2 · Nielsen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8952162B2 · Nielsen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8980905B2 · Nielsen · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 9181248B2 · Nielsen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9273064B2 · Nielsen · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9637499B2 · Nielsen · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9908894B2 · Metzler et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10793580B2 · Liang et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10906915B2 · Liang et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11065257B2 · Liang et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11220514B2 · Dahl et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11292799B2 · Andrews et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11299497B2 · Larsen et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11365204B2 · Larsen · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11370799B2 · Dahl et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11384096B2 · Andrews et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11434286B2 · Lin et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11866445B2 · Larsen · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11981681B2 · Andrews et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20020128290A1 · Ohshima et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20050186276A1 · Berchielli et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050192333A1 · Hinze et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20070104792A1 · Jenkins · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20100099688A1 · Felding et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20120028974A1 · Nielsen et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130123291A1 · Nielson · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130225609A1 · Nickolaus · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140329853A1 · Nielsen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150105420A1 · Nielsen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150111915A1 · Nielsen · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160022657A1 · Nielsen · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170137438A1 · Metzler et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20190330223A1 · Liang et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200010477A1 · Liang et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200239493A1 · Larsen · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200262842A1 · Dahl et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200323869A1 · Liang et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200385400A1 · Larsen et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210070769A1 · Andrews et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210079012A1 · Andrews et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210147440A1 · Dahl et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210386674A1 · Rasmussen · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20220162227A1 · Dahl et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220281889A1 · Larsen · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220362259A1 · Liang et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220372131A1 · Lin et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230073362A1 · Dahl et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230087354A1 · Andrews et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20240228606A1 · Lin et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
EP 0943613A1 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
EP 1029860A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
EP 2266541 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
EP 3528838B1 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
JP H03148337A · 1991 [cited by applicant]
JP H08512041A · 1996 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010519332A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2012067143A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
JP 6850886B2 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
JP 6850887B2 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO 9501338A1 · 1995 [cited by applicant]
WO 9744337A1 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO 0050011A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005066183A1 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008104175A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011160632A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012016280A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015197534A2 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017103058A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018057849A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018234299A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019057806A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019115776A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020148271A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2022200339A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO 2023203022A1 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
(2022) “Abrocitinib Prescribing Information”, Administration FaD., https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/213871s000lbl.pdf, 31 pages. [cited by applicant]
(2014) “Apremilast Prescribing Information”, Administration FaD., Retrieved From https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/205437s011lbl.pdf, 21 pages. [cited by applicant]
(1987) “Chemical Abstract Registry No. 109264-30-4”, 1 page. [cited by applicant]
(2016) “Crisaborole Prescribing Information”, Retrieved From https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/207695s007s009s010lbl.pdf, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
(2017) “Dupixent (dupilumab) Prescribing Information”, Administration FaD., Retrieved From https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/761055s046lbl.pdf, 79 pages. [cited by applicant]
(2020) “Efficacy and Safety Study of Apremilast in Subjects with Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis”, Retrieved From https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02087943?cond=Atopic%20Dermatitis&intr=Apremilast&viewType=Table… [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent International Application No. PCT/DK2008/000080, mailed on Dec. 5, 2008, 16 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent International Application No. PCT/DK2011/000069, mailed on Aug. 19, 2011, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent International Application No. PCT/EP2020/050798, mailed on Mar. 17, 2020, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent International Application No. PCT/EP2022/057472, mailed on Jul. 21, 2022, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Japanese Office Action issued in Japanese Application No. 2013-515698, mailed on Mar. 10, 2015, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
(2014) “New Drug Application Otezla® 205437Orig1s000”, Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics review, 73 pages. [cited by applicant]
(Mar. 2023) “Orismilast”, Retrieved From https://web.archive.org/web/20230324144811/https://uniontherapeutics.com/orismilast/, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Partial International Search Results and Provisional Opinion of PCT Application No. PCT/EP2024/062355, Mailed on Jul. 22, 2024, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Russian Office Action issued in Russian Application No. 2013103079/04, mailed on Dec. 21, 2015, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
(2024) “Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Orismilast in Psoriasis (IASOS)”, NCT05190419 Clinical Trials, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
(2019) “Upadacitinib Prescribing Information”, Retrieved From https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/211675s007lbl.pdf, 59 pages. [cited by applicant]
Aarts et al. (Jul. 2021) “Long-term Treatment with Apremilast in hidradenitis suppurativa: A 2-year Follow-up of Initial Responders”, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 85(1):258-260. [cited by applicant]
Abud-Mendoza et al. (2009) “Treating Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Rituximab. An Open Study”, Reumatol Clinica, 5(4):147-152. [cited by applicant]
Ahlehoff et al. (Feb. 2013) “Cardiovascular Disease Event Rates in Patients with Severe Psoriasis Treated with Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Danish Real-World Cohort Study”, Journal of internal medicine, 273(2):19… [cited by applicant]
Ahlehoff et al. (Aug. 2011) “Psoriasis is Associated with Clinically Significant Cardiovascular Risk: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study”, Journal of internal medicine, 270(2):147-157. [cited by applicant]
Ariga et al. (2004) “Nonredundant Function of Phosphodiesterases 4D and 4B in Neutrophil Recruitment to the Site of Inflammation”, The Journal of Immunology, 173(12):7531-7538. [cited by applicant]
Banner et al. (2009) “Dual PDE3/4 Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”, British Journal of Pharmacology, 157(6):892-906. [cited by applicant]
Batycka-Baran et al. (2021) “Serum Concentration and Skin Expression of S100A7 (Psoriasin) in Patients Suffering from Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, Dermatology, 237(5):1-7. [cited by applicant]
Baumer et al. (2006) “Highly Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Allergic Skin Diseases and Psoriasis”, Inflammation & Allergy-Drug Targets, 6(1):17-26. [cited by applicant]
Bieber et al. (Sep. 2022) “Atopic Dermatitis: Pathomechanisms and Lessons Learned from Novel Systemic Therapeutic Options”, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 36(9):1432-1449. [cited by applicant]
Bissonnette et al. (Jul. 1, 2016) “Apremilast, an Oral Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Palmoplantar Psoriasis: Results of a Pooled Analysis from Phase II PSOR-005 and Phase III Efficacy and Safety Tri… [cited by applicant]
Blauvelt et al. (Dec. 2023) “Next Generation PDE4 Inhibitors that Selectively Target PDE4B/D Subtypes: A Narrative Review”, Dermatology and therapy, 13(12):3031-3042. [cited by applicant]
Blok et al. (Jun. 2016) “Gene Expression Profiling of Skin and Blood in Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, The British Journal of Dermatology, 174(6):1392-1394. [cited by applicant]
Boswell-Smith et al. (2005) “Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Allergy and Inflammation”, Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs, 6(11):1136-1141. [cited by applicant]
Bundschuh et al. (Jan. 1, 2001) “In Vivo Efficacy in Airway Disease Models of Roflumilast, a Novel Orally Active PDE4 Inhibitor”, 297(1):280-290. [cited by applicant]
Butler et al. (May 1983) “Increased Leukocyte Histamine Release with Elevated Cyclic AMP-Phosphodiesterase Activity in Atopic Dermatitis”, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 71(5):490-497. [cited by applicant]
Chauret et al. (Aug. 19, 2002) “Improving Metabolic Stability of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors Containing a Substituted Catechol: Prevention of Reactive Intermediate Formation and Covalent Binding”, 12(16):2149-2152. [cited by applicant]
Contreras et al. (2017) “Selective Inhibition of Phosphodiesterases 4A, B, C and D Isoforms in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Current and Future Evidences”, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 23(14):2073-2083. [cited by applicant]
Cooper, Kevind. (Jan. 1994) “Atopic Dermatitis: Recent Trends in Pathogenesis and Therapy”, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 102(1):128-137. [cited by applicant]
Dastidar et al. (May 2007) “Therapeutic Benefit of PDE4 Inhibitors in Inflammatory Diseases”, Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs, 8(5):364-372. [cited by applicant]
Daxhelet et al. (2020) “Proposed Definitions of Typical Lesions in Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, Dermatology, 236(5):1-8. [cited by applicant]
Dermer, Gerald B. (Mar. 12, 1994) “Another Anniversary for the War on Cancer”, Bio/Technology, 12:320 (4 pages). [cited by applicant]
Dietsch et al. (2006) “Characterization of the Inflammatory Response to a Highly Selective PDE4 Inhibitor in the Rat and the Identification of Biomarkers that Correlate with Toxicity”, Toxicologic Pathology, 34(1):39-51. [cited by applicant]
Egeberg et al. (May 2017) “Prevalence and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 137(5):1060-1064. [cited by applicant]
Egeberg et al. (2016) “Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, JAMA Dermatology, 152(4):429-434. [cited by applicant]
Eichenfield et al. (Feb. 2014) “Guidelines for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis”, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 70(2):338-351. [cited by applicant]
Finlay et al. (May 1994) “Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)—A Simple Practical Measure for Routine Clinical Use”, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 19(3):210-216. [cited by applicant]
Frederiksen et al. (May 2024) “Orismilast for the Treatment of Mild to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Week 16 Data from OSIRIS, A Phase 2a, Open-Label, Single-Centre, Single-Arm, Dose-Finding Clinical Trial”, Journal … [cited by applicant]
Freshney, Ian R. (1983) “Culture of Animal Cells”, A Manual of Basic Technique, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Frew et al. (2019) “Topical, Systemic and Biologic Therapies in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Pathogenic Insights by Examining Therapeutic Mechanisms”, Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease, 10:1-24. [cited by applicant]
Garcia-Osta et al. (2012) “Phophodieserases as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease”, ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 3(11):832-844. [cited by applicant]
Garcovich et al. (2020) “Apremilast for the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurative Associate With Psoriatic Arthritis in Multimorbid Patients”, Medicine (Baltimore), 99(5):e18991 (4 pages). [cited by applicant]
Giembycz, Mark A. (Jun. 2005) “Life After PDE4: Overcoming Adverse Events with Dual-Specificity Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors”, Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 5(3):238-244. [cited by applicant]
Gooderham et al. (Oct. 2015) “Selective Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Psoriasis: Focus on Apremilast”, BioDrugs, 29(5):327-339. [cited by applicant]
Guay et al. (Jun. 3, 2002) “Discovery of L-791,943: A Potent, Selective, Non Emetic and Orally Active Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor”, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 12(11):1457-1461. [cited by applicant]
Guttman-Yassky et al. (Jan. 2019) “The Role of Phosphodiesterase 4 in the Pathophysiology of Atopic Dermatitis and the Perspective for its Inhibition”, Experimental dermatology, 28(1):3-10. [cited by applicant]
Hanifin et al. (Jul. 1, 1996) “Type 4 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors have Clinical and in Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Atopic Dermatitis”, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 107(1):51-56. [cited by applicant]
Harada et al. (Sep. 2008) “Curative Effects of Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors Cilomilast, Roflumilast, and Rolipram in Dermatitis Mouse Model”, Journal of Dermatological Science, 51(3):215-219. [cited by applicant]
Herdman et al. (Dec. 2011) “Development and Preliminary Testing of the New Five-Level Version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)”, Quality of Life Research, 20(10):1727-1736. [cited by applicant]
Holden et al. (Sep. 1986) “Monocyte Localization of Elevated cAMP Phosphodiesterase Activity in Atopic Dermatitis”, J. Investigative Dermatology, 87(3):372-376. [cited by applicant]
Hotz et al. (Sep. 2016) “Intrinsic Defect in Keratinocyte Function Leads to Inflammation in Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136(9):1768-1780. [cited by applicant]
Houslay et al. (Nov. 15, 2005) “Phosphodiesterase-4 as a Therapeutic Target”, Drug Discovery Today, 10(22):1503-1519. [cited by applicant]
Hsiao et al. (Nov. 2010) “Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Concomitant Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Case Series and Literature Review”, Archives of Dermatology, 146(11):1265-1270. [cited by applicant]
Huang et al. (2006) “Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Asthma and COPD”, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13(27):3253-3262. [cited by applicant]
Huanget al. (2001) “The Next Generation of PDE4 Inhibitors”, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 5(4):432-438. [cited by applicant]
Jemec, Gregor B. E. (2012) “Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(2):158-164. [cited by applicant]
Jin et al. (May 28, 2002) “Induction of the Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase PDE4B is Essential for LPS-Activated TNF-α Responses”, PNAS, 99(11):7628-7633. [cited by applicant]
Jin et al. (2007) “Insights into the Physiological Functions of PDE4 from Knockout Mice”, Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases in Health and Disease, CRC Press, 323-346. [cited by applicant]
Jin et al. (2012) “Phosphodiesterase 4 and Its Inhibitors in Inflammatory Diseases”, Chang Gung Med J, 35(3):197-210. [cited by applicant]
Jin et al. (2005) “Specific Role of Phosphodiesterase 4B in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Signaling in Mouse Macrophages”, Journal of Immunology, 175(3):1523-1531. [cited by applicant]
Kamata et al. (May 1, 2023) “Optimal Use of Jak Inhibitors and Biologics for Atopic Dermatitis on the Basis of the Current Evidence”, JID Innovations, 3(3):100195 (13 pages). [cited by applicant]
Kerdel et al. (Feb. 1, 2019) “Apremilast for the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Hidradenitis Suppurativa in a Prospective, Open-Label, Phase 2 Study”, Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, Strategic Communication in Dermatolo… [cited by applicant]
Kimball et al. (2012) “Adalimumab for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Parallel Randomized Trial”, Annals of Internal Medicine, 157(12):846-855. [cited by applicant]
Kimball et al. (2014) “Assessing the Validity, Responsiveness and Meaningfulness of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR) as the Clinical Endpoint for Hidradenitis Suppurativa Treatment”, British Journa… [cited by applicant]
Kimball et al. (2016) “HiSCR (Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response): A Novel Clinical Endpoint to Evaluate Therapeutic Outcomes in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa from the Placebo-Controlled Portion of a Ph… [cited by applicant]
Kirby et al. (Aug. 2020) “The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life (HiSQOL) Score: Development and Validation of a Measure for Clinical Trials”, The British Journal of Dermatology, 183(2):340-348. [cited by applicant]
Kofoed et al. (2015) “New Drugs and Treatment Targets in Psoriasis”, Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 95(2):133-139. [cited by applicant]
Kroegel et al. (2007) “Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors as a Novel Approach for the Treatment of Respiratory Disease: Cilomilast”, Expert Opinion on Investigational Drug, 16(1):109-124. [cited by applicant]
Lagente et al. (2005) “Selective PDE4 Inhibitors as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for the Treatment of Airway Diseases”, Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 100(Suppl 1):131-136. [cited by applicant]
Laughter et al. (Feb. 1, 2021) “The Global Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: Lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2017*”, British Journal of Dermatology, 184(2):304-309. [cited by applicant]
Lebwohl, Mark. (Apr. 5, 2003) “Psoriasis”, Lancet, 361(9364):1197-1204. [cited by applicant]
Lee et al. (2017) “What is Hidradenitis Suppurativa?”, Can Fam Physician, 63(2):114-120. [cited by applicant]
Leroux et al. (Mar. 1, 2005) “Alpha-fluorinated Ethers, Thioethers, and Amines: Anomerically Biased Species”, Chemical Reviews, 105(3):827-856. [cited by applicant]
Li et al. (Oct. 17, 2018) “Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases”, Frontiers in pharmacology, 9:1048 (21 pages). [cited by applicant]
Lim et al. (2019) “Systematic Review of Immunomodulatory Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, Biologics: Targets and Therapy, 13:53-78. [cited by applicant]
Lipworth, Brian J. (Jan. 8, 2005) “Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for Asthma And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”, Lancet, 365(9454):167-175. [cited by applicant]
Lugnier et al. (Apr. 1, 2020) “Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases: New Targets in the Metabolic Syndrome?”, Pharmacology & therapeutics, 208:107475 (17 pages). [cited by applicant]
Manning et al. (1999) “Suppression of Human Inflammatory Cell Function by Subtype-Selective PDE4 Inhibitors Correlates with Inhibition of PDE4A and PDE4B”, British Journal of Pharmacology, 128(7):1393-1398. [cited by applicant]
Martín-Santiago et al. (Jan. 1, 2022) “Safety Profile and Tolerability of Topical Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, Current Therapeutic Resear… [cited by applicant]
Marzano et al. (Dec. 2014) “Association of Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Acne, and Suppurative Hidradenitis (PASH) Shares Genetic and Cytokine Profiles with other Autoinflammatory Diseases”, Medicine, 93(27):1-11. [cited by applicant]
McDonough et al. (2020) “Nonselective Inhibition of PDE4 Induces Gastroparesis in Mice”, The FASEB Journal, 34(S1):1-1. [cited by applicant]
McDowell et al. (Aug. 2019) “Crisaborole: A Novel Nonsteroidal Topical Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis”, Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 35(4):172-178. [cited by applicant]
Menter et al. (May 2008) “Guidelines of Care for the Management of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Section 1. Overview of Psoriasis and Guidelines of Care for the Treatment of Psoriasis with Biologics”, Journal of th… [cited by applicant]
Menter et al. (Sep. 2009) “Guidelines of Care for the Management of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Section 4. Guidelines of Care for the Management and Treatment of Psoriasis with Traditional Systemic Agents”, Journ… [cited by applicant]
Menter et al. (Jan. 2010) “Guidelines of Care for the Management of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Section 5. Guidelines of Care for the Treatment of Psoriasis with Phototherapy and Photochemotherapy”, Journal of th… [cited by applicant]
Mozeika et al. (May 2013) “Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 are Expressed Strongly in Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, Acta Derm Venereol, 93(3):301-304. [cited by applicant]
Müller et al. (Jan. 8, 2024) “Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: Recently Approved Drugs and advanced Clinical Development Programs”, Allergy, 79(6):1501-1515. [cited by applicant]
Muselík et al. (Oct. 15, 2021) “A Critical Overview of FDA and EMA Statistical Methods to Compare In Vitro Drug Dissolution Profiles of Pharmaceutical Products”, Pharmaceutics, 13(10):1703 (12 pages). [cited by applicant]
Napolitano et al. (Apr. 2017) “Hidradenitis Suppurativa: from Pathogenesis to Diagnosis and Treatment”, Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 10:105-115. [cited by applicant]
Napolitano et al. (Apr. 18, 2023) “The Hidden Sentinel of the Skin: An Overview on The Role of Interleukin-13 in Atopic Dermatitis”, Frontiers in Medicine, 10:1165098 (7 pages). [cited by applicant]
Newton et al. (2019) “Exploring Content and Psychometric Validity of Newly Developed Assessment Tools for Itch and Skin Pain in Atopic Dermatitis”, Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 3(1):42 (12 pages). [cited by applicant]
Niv et al. (2017) “Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Acne, and Hidradenitis Suppurativa (PASH) Syndrome with Recurrent vVasculitis”, JAAD Case Reports, 3(1):70-73. [cited by applicant]
Paes et al. (Jul. 1, 2021) “The Molecular Biology of Phosphodiesterase 4 Enzymes as Pharmacological Targets: An Interplay of Isoforms, Conformational States, and Inhibitors”, Pharmacological Reviews, 73(3):1016-1049 (34… [cited by applicant]
Park et al. (2001) “Metabolism of Fluorine-Containing Drugs”, Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 41:443-470. [cited by applicant]
Peter et al. (2007) “Differential expression and function of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) subtypes in human primary CD4+ T cells: Predominant Role of PDE4D”, 178(8):4820-4831. [cited by applicant]
Press et al. (2009) “PDE4 Inhibitors—A Review of the Current Field”, Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, 47:37-74. [cited by applicant]
Quaglino et al. (2011) “Th1, Th2, Th17 and Regulatory T Cell Pattern in Psoriatic Patients: Modulation of Cytokines and Gene Targets Induced by Etanercept Treatment and Correlation with Clinical Response”, Dermatology, … [cited by applicant]
Ravindran et al. (2008) “A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Toxicity of Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs and Biological Agents for Psoriatic Arthritis”, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 67(6):855… [cited by applicant]
Reilly et al. (1993) “The Validity and Reproducibility of a Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Instrument”, PharmacoEconomics, 4(5):353-365. [cited by applicant]
Richert et al. (2009) “Rolipram not Good for MS”, Multiple Sclerosis Research, 15:1206-1214. [cited by applicant]
Richter et al. (Sep. 1, 2013) “PDE4 as a Target for Cognition Enhancement”, Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 17(9):1011-1027. [cited by applicant]
Riis et al. (2018) “Investigational Drugs in Clinical Trials for Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, Expert Opinion on Investigation Drugs, Informa Healthcare, 27(1):43-53. [cited by applicant]
Rondags et al. (2019) “Correlation of the Refined Hurley Classification for Hidradenitis Suppurativa with Patient-Reported Quality of Life and Objective Disease Severity Assessment”, The British Journal of Dermatology, … [cited by applicant]
Roy et al. (Dec. 22, 2022) “Efficacy of Topical and Systemic Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis on Pruritus: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis”, Frontiers in Medicine, 9:1079323 (16 pages). [cited by applicant]
Sabat et al. (2020) “Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6(1):18 (20 pages). [cited by applicant]
Samrao et al. (Aug. 2012) “A Pilot Study of an Oral Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (Apremilast) for Atopic Dermatitis in Adults”, Arch Dermatol, 148(8):890-897. [cited by applicant]
Samynathan et al. (2023) “Navigating the Atopic Dermatitis Toolbox: Challenging Scenarios and Shared Decision Making”, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 132(3):337-343. [cited by applicant]
Saunte et al. (2015) “Diagnostic Delay in Hidradenitis Suppurativa is a Global Problem”, British Journal of Dermatology, 173(6):1546-1549. [cited by applicant]
Schafer et al. (2014) “Apremilast is a Selective PDE4 Inhibitor with Regulatory Effects on Innate Immunity”, Cellular Signaling, 26(9):2016-2029. [cited by applicant]
Schafer et al. (Feb. 2010) “Apremilast, a CAMP Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor, Demonstrates Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Vitro and in a Model of Psoriasis”, British Journal of Pharmacology, 159(4):842-855. [cited by applicant]
Schafer, Torsten (2006) “Epidemiology of Psoriasis: Review and the German Perspective”, Dermatology, 212(4):327-337. [cited by applicant]
Schett et al. (2010) “Apremilast: A Novel PDE4 Inhibitor in the Treatment of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases”, Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 2(5):271-278. [cited by applicant]
Schlapbach et al. (Oct. 2011) “Expression of the IL-23/Th17 Pathway in Lesions of Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 65(4):790-798. [cited by applicant]
Schlapbach et al. (Jul. 2009) “Human β-Defensin-2 and Psoriasin are Overexpressed in Lesions of Acne Inversa”, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 61(1):58-65. [cited by applicant]
Sideris et al. (Aug. 24, 2022) “New and Upcoming Topical Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of the Literature”, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(17):4974 (20 pages). [cited by applicant]
Silverberg et al. (Nov. 1, 2018) “Association of Atopic Dermatitis with Allergic, Autoimmune, and Cardiovascular Comorbidities in US Adults”, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 121(5):604-612 (26 pages). [cited by applicant]
Silverberg et al. (Mar. 1, 2023) “Burden of Disease and Unmet Needs in Atopic Dermatitis:Results from a Patient Survey”, Dermatitis, 34(2):135-144. [cited by applicant]
Silverberg et al. (2022) “Expert Perspectives on Key Parameters that Impact Interpretation of Randomized Clinical Trials in Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis”, American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 23(1):1-11. [cited by applicant]
Silverberg et al. (Apr. 2023) “Pharmacology of Orismilast, A Potent and Selective PDE4 Inhibitor”, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 37(4):721-729. [cited by applicant]
Simone, Joseph V. (Feb. 3, 1997) “Oncology: Introduction 20th Edition”, Cecil: Textbook of Medicine, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Simpson et al. (2018) “A phase 2 Randomized Trial of Apremilast in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis”, The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 139(5):1063-1072. [cited by applicant]
Smets et al. (1995) “The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) Psychometric Qualities of an Instrument to Assess Fatigue”, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39(5):315-325. [cited by applicant]
Spina, D. (Oct. 2008) “PDE4 Inhibitors: Current Status”, British Journal of Pharmacology, 155(3):308-315. [cited by applicant]
Tello et al. (2021) “Multidisciplinary Management of the Adverse Effects of Apremilast”, Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas, 112(2):134-141. [cited by applicant]
Thorlacius et al. (2019) “Development of HiSQOL: A Hidradenitis Suppurativa-Specific Quality of Life Instrument”, Skin Appendage Disorders, 5(4):221-229. [cited by applicant]
Thorlacius et al. (2018) “Increased Suicide Risk in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 138(1):52-57. [cited by applicant]
Torphy, Theodore J. (1998) “Phosphodiesterase Isozymes: Molecular Targets for Novel Antiasthma Agents”, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 157(2):351-370. [cited by applicant]
Tsuji et al. (2023) “PDE4 Inhibition by Difamilast Regulates Filaggrin and Loricrin Expression Via Keratinocyte Proline-Rich Protein in Human Keratinocytes”, Journal of Dermatological Science, 110(2):61-68. [cited by applicant]
Tzanetakou et al. (2016) “Safety and Efficacy of Anakinra in Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Randomized Clinical Trial”, JAMA Dermatology, 152(1):52-59 (E1-E8). [cited by applicant]
Vignola, Antonio M. (Jun. 2004) “PDE4 Inhibitors in COPD—a More Selective Approach to Treatment”, Respiratory Medicine, 98(6):495-503. [cited by applicant]
Vippagunta et al. (May 16, 2001) “Crystalline Solids”, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 48(1):3-26. [cited by applicant]
Voorhees et al. (Jul. 1, 2020) “Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast in Patients with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis of the Scalp: Results of a Phase 3b, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study… [cited by applicant]
Vossen et al. (2018) “Apremilast for Moderate Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial”, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 80(1):80-88. [cited by applicant]
Warren et al. (Mar. 17, 2023) “Efficacy and Safety of Orismilast in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Results from the Phase IIb IASOS Trial”, Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Warren et al. (Apr. 2023) “Oral Orismilast: Efficacy and Safety in Moderate-To-Severe Psoriasis and Development of Modified Release Tables”, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 37(4):711-720. [cited by applicant]
Warren et al. (Mar. 1, 2024) “Orismilast in Moderate-To-Severe Psoriasis: Efficacy and Safety From a 16-Week, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Finding, and Phase 2b Trial (IASOS)”, Journal of the Ame… [cited by applicant]
Weber et al. (Jun. 2017) “Apremilast in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Case Series of 9 Patients”, Journal of the American Academy Dermatology, 76(6):1189-1191. [cited by applicant]
Weifeng et al. (2017) “Pharmaceutical Professional Knowledge”, 11th Edition, China Medical Science and Technology Press, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Wolk et al. (Nov. 2017) “Lipocalin-2 is Expressed by Activated Granulocytes and Keratinocytes in Affected Skin and Reflects Disease Activity in Acne Inversa/Hidradenitis Suppurativa”, British Journal of Dermatology, 177… [cited by applicant]
Wollenberg et al. (Dec. 2020) “ETFAD/EADV Eczema Task Force 2020 Position Paper on Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Adults and Children”, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 34… [cited by applicant]
Zigmond et al. (1983) “The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale”, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6):361-370. [cited by applicant]
Zouboulis et al. (2017) “Development and validation of the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4), A Novel Dynamic Scoring System to Assess HS Severity”, The British Journal of Dermatology, … [cited by applicant]
Chaumeil et al., “Micronization: a method of improving the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs,” Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 1998, 20(3), 211-215. [cited by applicant]
Teckoe et al., “Process Optimization of a Novel Immediate Release Film Coating System using QbD Principles,” AAPS PharmSciTech, 2013, 14, 531-540. [cited by applicant]
Dow (2007) [cited by applicant]