System and method for charging vehicle's higher-voltage power supply using lower-voltage charging station
An apparatus includes an AC input configured to receive an AC electrical signal and a DC input configured to receive a first DC electrical signal having a lower voltage and a second DC electrical signal having a higher voltage. The apparatus also includes an on-board charger configured to charge a power supply using the AC electrical signal. The on-board charger includes an AC/DC PFC converter and a DC/DC converter. The apparatus further includes switches configured to form and break electrical connections between the AC input, DC input, AC/DC PFC converter, DC/DC converter, and power supply. In addition, the apparatus includes a controller configured to adjust the electrical connections formed by the switches. The controller is configured, when the DC input receives the first DC electrical signal, to place the switches in a configuration to couple the DC input to the PFC converter and couple the PFC converter to the power supply.
1. An apparatus for charging a power supply, the apparatus comprising:
an alternating current (AC) connector configured to receive an AC electrical signal from an AC power source;
a direct current (DC) connector configured to receive a first DC electrical signal having a lower voltage from a lower-voltage DC power source and a second DC electrical signal having a higher voltage from a higher-voltage DC power source;
an on-board charger configured to charge the power supply using the AC electrical signal, the on-board charger comprising an AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) converter and a DC/DC converter;
switches configured to selectively form and break electrical connections between the AC connector, the DC connector, the AC/DC PFC converter, the DC/DC converter, and the power supply;
a controller configured to adjust the electrical connections formed by the switches; and
one or more sensors configured to detect whether the AC connector is connected to the AC power source, the DC connector is connected to the lower-voltage DC power source, or the DC connector is connected to the higher-voltage DC power source,
wherein the controller is configured to, in response to a detection using the one or more sensors that the DC connector is connected to the lower-voltage DC power source, place the switches in a first configuration to couple the DC connector to the AC/DC PFC converter and couple the AC/DC PFC converter to the power supply, and
wherein the controller is configured to, in response to a detection using the one or more sensors that the DC connector is connected to the higher-voltage DC power source, place the switches in a second configuration to couple the DC connector to the power supply.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the switches in the first configuration bypass the DC/DC converter so that electrical energy flows from the AC/DC PFC converter without passing through the DC/DC converter.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to, in response to a detection using the one or more sensors that the AC connector is connected to the AC power source, place the switches in a third configuration to couple the AC connector to the AC/DC PFC converter, couple the AC/DC PFC converter to the DC/DC converter, and couple the DC/DC converter to the power supply.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the AC/DC PFC converter comprises a boost PFC converter circuit, the boost PFC converter circuit comprising an inductor, an additional switch configured to selectively couple the inductor to ground, and an on-off controller configured to control the additional switch; and
the apparatus further comprises:
a first control loop configured, when the AC connector receives the AC electrical signal, to provide a first voltage to the on-off controller in order to control a power factor of the boost PFC converter circuit; and
a second control loop configured, when the DC connector receives the first DC electrical signal having the lower voltage, to provide a second voltage to the on-off controller in order to control voltage boosting by the boost PFC converter circuit.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the switches based on whether the AC electrical signal comprises a single-phase AC electrical signal or a three-phase AC electrical signal.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the power supply has a nominal voltage of approximately 800 volts;
the lower-voltage DC power source is a 400-volt charging station;
the higher-voltage DC power source is an 800-volt charging station; and
the controller is configured to, using the one or more sensors, adjust the electrical connections formed by the switches such that
(i) the DC connector is coupled to the power supply when the DC connector is coupled to the 800-volt charging station and
(ii) the DC connector is coupled to the AC/DC PFC converter and the AC/DC PFC converter is coupled to the power supply when the DC connector is coupled to the 400-volt charging station.
7. An electric vehicle comprising:
at least one electric motor;
a power supply configured to provide electrical energy to the at least one electric motor;
an alternating current (AC) connector configured to receive an AC electrical signal from an AC power source;
a direct current (DC) connector configured to receive a first DC electrical signal having a lower voltage from a lower-voltage DC power source and a second DC electrical signal having a higher voltage from a higher-voltage DC power source;
an on-board charger configured to charge the power supply using the AC electrical signal, the on-board charger comprising an AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) converter and a DC/DC converter;
switches configured to selectively form and break electrical connections between the AC connector, the DC connector, the AC/DC PFC converter, the DC/DC converter, and the power supply;
a controller configured to adjust the electrical connections formed by the switches; and
one or more sensors configured to detect whether the AC connector is connected to the AC power source, the DC connector is connected to the lower-voltage DC power source, or the DC connector is connected to the higher-voltage DC power source,
wherein the controller is configured to, in response to a detection using the one or more sensors that the DC connector is connected to the lower-voltage DC power source, place the switches in a first configuration to couple the DC connector to the AC/DC PFC converter and couple the AC/DC PFC converter to the power supply, and
wherein the controller is configured to, in response to a detection using the one or more sensors that the DC connector is connected to the higher-voltage DC power source, place the switches in a second configuration to couple the DC connector to the power supply.
8. The electric vehicle of claim 7 , wherein the switches in the first configuration bypass the DC/DC converter when the first DC electrical signal is used to charge the power supply.
9. The electric vehicle of claim 7 , wherein the controller is configured to, in response to a detection using the one or more sensors that the AC connector is connected to the AC power source, place the switches in a third configuration to couple the AC connector to the AC/DC PFC converter, couple the AC/DC PFC converter to the DC/DC converter, and couple the DC/DC converter to the power supply.
10. The electric vehicle of claim 7 , wherein:
the AC/DC PFC converter comprises a boost PFC converter circuit, the boost PFC converter circuit comprising an inductor, an additional switch configured to selectively couple the inductor to ground, and an on-off controller configured to control the additional switch; and
the electric vehicle further comprises:
a first control loop configured, when the AC connector receives the AC electrical signal, to provide a first voltage to the on-off controller in order to control a power factor of the boost PFC converter circuit; and
a second control loop configured, when the DC connector receives the first DC electrical signal having the lower voltage, to provide a second voltage to the on-off controller in order to control voltage boosting by the boost PFC converter circuit.
11. The electric vehicle of claim 7 , wherein the controller is configured to control the switches based on whether the AC electrical signal comprises a single-phase AC electrical signal or a three-phase AC electrical signal.
12. The electric vehicle of claim 7 , wherein:
the power supply has a nominal voltage of approximately 800 volts;
the lower-voltage DC power source is a 400-volt charging station;
the higher-voltage DC power source is an 800-volt charging station; and
the controller is configured to, using the one or more sensors, adjust the electrical connections formed by the switches such that (i) the DC connector is coupled to the power supply when the DC connector is coupled to the 800-volt charging station and (ii) the DC connector is coupled to the AC/DC PFC converter and the AC/DC PFC converter is coupled to the power supply when the DC connector is coupled to the 400-volt charging station.
13. The electric vehicle of claim 7 , further comprising:
one or more first components configured to remain powered while the power supply is charged using any of the AC electrical signal, the first DC electrical signal having the lower voltage, and the second DC electrical signal having the higher voltage; and
one or more second components configured to be selectively powered depending on whether the power supply is charged using the AC electrical signal, the first DC electrical signal having the lower voltage, or the second DC electrical signal having the higher voltage.
14. The electric vehicle of claim 13 , wherein:
the one or more first components comprise at least one heating, air conditioning, and ventilation (HVAC) compressor or heater; and
the one or more second components comprise one or more vehicle accessories.
15. A method comprising:
determining, using one or more sensors, whether an alternating current (AC) connector is connected to an AC power source to receive an AC electrical signal, a direct current (DC) connector is connected to a lower-voltage DC power source to receive a first DC electrical signal having a lower voltage, or the DC connector is connected to a higher-voltage DC power source to receive a second DC electrical signal having a higher voltage; and
based on the determination using the one or more sensors, controlling switches to selectively form and break electrical connections between the AC connector, the DC connector, an AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) converter of an on-board charger, a DC/DC converter of the on-board charger, and a power supply,
wherein controlling the switches comprises, in response to a determination using the one or more sensors that the DC connector is connected to the lower-voltage DC power source, placing the switches in a first configuration to couple the DC connector to the AC/DC PFC converter and couple the AC/DC PFC converter to the power supply, and
wherein controlling the switches comprises, in response to a determination using the one or more sensors that the AC connector is connected to the AC power source, placing the switches in a third configuration to couple the AC connector to the AC/DC PFC converter, coupling the AC/DC PFC converter to the DC/DC converter, and coupling the DC/DC converter to the power supply.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein controlling the switches comprises, in response to a determination using the one or more sensors that the DC connector is connected to the higher-voltage DC power source, placing the switches in a second configuration to couple the DC connector to the power supply.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the power supply has a nominal voltage of approximately 800 volts;
the lower-voltage DC power source is a 400-volt charging station;
the higher-voltage DC power source is an 800-volt charging station; and
the switches are controlled such that (i) the DC connector is coupled to the power supply when the DC connector is coupled to the 800-volt charging station and (ii) the DC connector is coupled to the AC/DC PFC converter and the AC/DC PFC converter is coupled to the power supply when the DC connector is coupled to the 400-volt charging station.