Optical phase shifter using KTN (KTaNbO3) and manufacturing method thereof
Provided is an optical phase shifter. The optical phase shifter includes: a silicon substrate; a cladding layer disposed on the silicon substrate; an intermediate film disposed on the cladding layer; a KTN (KTaNbO 3 ) waveguide disposed on the intermediate film; a protective layer disposed on the intermediate film to cover the KTN waveguide; and first and second electrodes disposed on the intermediate film while being spaced apart from each other with the KTN waveguide interposed between the first and second electrodes, wherein a silicon waveguide is disposed inside the cladding layer while being spaced apart from the KTN waveguide with the intermediate film interposed between the silicon waveguide and the KTN waveguide.
1. An optical phase shifter comprising:
a silicon substrate;
a cladding layer disposed on the silicon substrate;
an intermediate film disposed on the cladding layer;
a KTN (KTaNbO 3 ) waveguide disposed on the intermediate film;
a protective layer disposed on the intermediate film to cover the KTN waveguide; and
first and second electrodes disposed on the intermediate film while being spaced apart from each other with the KTN waveguide interposed between the first and second electrodes;
a first transition region that is adjacent to an optical input of an optical modulator;
a second transition region that is adjacent to an optical output of the optical modulator; and
a KTN region disposed between the first transition region and the second transition region,
wherein a silicon waveguide is disposed inside the cladding layer while being spaced apart from the KTN waveguide with the intermediate film interposed between the silicon waveguide and the KTN waveguide,
wherein an area of the silicon waveguide in the first transition region and the second transition region is wider than an area of the silicon waveguide in the KTN region, and
wherein, in the KTN region, the silicon waveguide is not present inside the cladding layer.
2. The optical phase shifter of claim 1 , wherein, when a voltage is applied to the optical phase shifter,
an electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
the electric field causes a change in a refractive index of the KTN waveguide, and
a phase of a light passing through the KTN waveguide is controlled by the change in the refractive index.
3. The optical phase shifter of claim 1 , wherein
all of the silicon substrate, the silicon waveguide, and the KTN waveguide extend in a first direction that extends from the optical input to the optical output.
4. The optical phase shifter of claim 3 , wherein an area of the silicon waveguide between the first transition region and the KTN region is changed so as to be gradually narrowed or gradually widened in the first direction.
5. The optical phase shifter of claim 1 , wherein
the first transition region includes a first-first transition region that is adjacent to the optical input and a first-second transition region that is adjacent to the KTN region, and
an area of the silicon waveguide in the first-first transition region is wider than an area of the silicon waveguide in the first-second transition region.
6. The optical phase shifter of claim 1 , wherein
the second transition region includes a second-first transition region that is adjacent to the optical output and a second-second transition region that is adjacent to the KTN region, and
an area of the silicon waveguide in the second-first transition region is wider than an area of the silicon waveguide in the second-second transition region.
7. The optical phase shifter of claim 1 , wherein
the first electrode and the second electrode pass through the protective layer in a thickness direction while being spaced apart from the KTN waveguide,
the first electrode is adjacent to one side of the KTN waveguide, and
the second electrode is adjacent to an opposite side of the KTN waveguide.
8. The optical phase shifter of claim 1 , wherein the optical phase shifter operates in a transverse electric (TE) mode among the transverse electric (TE) mode and a transverse magnetic (TM) mode.