Systems and methods for adjusting pressure in immersion-cooled datacenters
In some embodiments, a thermal management system includes an immersion tank defining an immersion chamber, a two-phase working fluid positioned in the immersion chamber, and a pressure trim device in fluid communication with the immersion chamber. The pressure trim device includes at least one of a cold thermal sink and a hot thermal sink. The cold thermal sink is maintained at a suppressed temperature less than a boiling temperature of the two-phase working fluid. The hot thermal sink is maintained at an elevated temperature greater than a boiling temperature of the two-phase working fluid.
1. A thermal management system for thermal management of electronic devices comprising:
an immersion tank defining an immersion chamber;
a two-phase working fluid positioned in the immersion chamber;
a pressure trim device in fluid communication with the immersion chamber, wherein a portion of a working fluid moves from the immersion tank to a pressure trim device, the pressure trim device including:
a cold thermal sink maintained at a suppressed temperature less than a boiling temperature of the two-phase working fluid, and
a hot thermal sink maintained at an elevated temperature greater than the boiling temperature of the two-phase working fluid; and
a fluid control mechanism configured to control the movement of the portion of the working fluid to the pressure trim device based on a pressure within the immersion tank.
2. The thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising a liquid control valve configured to selectively allow fluid communication between the immersion chamber and the hot thermal sink.
3. The thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising a vapor control valve configured to selectively allow fluid communication between the immersion chamber and the cold thermal sink.
4. The thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising a pressure sensor in pressure communication with the immersion chamber.
5. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the hot thermal sink has a thermal capacity configured to vaporize a volume of working fluid in a vapor phase at least 10% of a tank vapor volume at the boiling temperature and 1 Atmosphere of pressure (ATM).
6. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the cold thermal sink has a thermal capacity configured to condense a volume of a vapor phase of the two-phase working fluid at least 10% of a tank vapor volume at the boiling temperature and 1 ATM.
7. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the hot thermal sink is in fluid communication with the immersion chamber via a vapor return line.
8. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the cold thermal sink is configured to be cooled by a direct expansion cooling device.
9. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the cold thermal sink is configured to be cooled by a solid-state cooler.
10. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the hot thermal sink is configured to be heated by a resistive heater.
11. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the hot thermal sink is configured to be heated by a solar heater.
12. The thermal management system of claim 1 further comprising a heat pump configured to heat a portion of the hot thermal sink and cool a portion of the cold thermal sink.
13. A thermal management system for thermal management of electronic devices comprising,
an immersion tank defining an immersion chamber;
a two-phase working fluid positioned in the immersion chamber; and
a pressure trim device in fluid communication with the immersion chamber, wherein a portion of a working fluid moves from the immersion tank to a pressure trim device, the pressure trim device including:
a cold thermal sink maintained at a suppressed temperature less than a boiling temperature of the two-phase working fluid, and
a hot thermal sink maintained at an elevated temperature greater than the boiling temperature of the two-phase working fluid; and
a fluid control mechanism configured to adjust a flowrate of working fluid from the immersion tank to the pressure trim device
a pressure sensor positioned in the immersion tank to provide a pressure measurement; and
a controller in communication with the fluid control mechanism to control a position of the fluid control mechanism based on the pressure measurement.
14. The thermal management system of claim 13 , wherein the controller is in data communication with a virtual machine (VM) allocator.
15. The thermal management system of claim 13 , further comprising at least one sensor positioned in the immersion tank to measure an operating property of the immersion tank, and the sensor is in data communication with the controller.
16. The thermal management system of claim 13 , wherein the controller is configured to proactively adjust the position of the fluid control mechanism based on a trend in an operating property.
17. A method of thermal management for thermal management of electronic devices comprising:
measuring at least one operating property of an immersion cooling system, wherein the operating property is pressure within the immersion cooling system;
determining a position of a fluid control mechanism based at least partially on the operating property;
moving at least a portion of the fluid control mechanism to the position;
allowing a portion of a working fluid to move from an immersion tank to a pressure trim device, wherein the pressure trim device includes a cold thermal sink and a hot thermal sink maintained at an elevated temperature greater than a boiling temperature of the working fluid;
changing a physical state of the working fluid with the pressure trim device; and
returning to the immersion tank at least part of the portion of the working fluid after changing the physical state of the portion of the working fluid.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein determining a position of a fluid control mechanism includes comparing a measured operating property against a threshold value.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein moving the portion of the fluid control mechanism includes sending an instruction to a motor.