Bitumen compositions comprising lignin
The current invention concerns composition comprising bitumen, one or more plasticity modifying agent(s), and lignin, as well as methods and uses related to such compositions. In particular, compositions are disclosed with improved properties, such as mixing properties.
1. A process for obtaining a lignin, the process comprising:
a. subjecting a lignocellulosic biomass to hydrothermal pretreatment resulting in a hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass;
b. following step (a), subjecting at least part of the hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass obtained in step (a) to a hydrolysis resulting in a liquid fraction comprising soluble carbohydrates, and a fiber fraction comprising a lignin component, wherein the hydrolysis is an acid catalyzed hydrolysis and/or enzymatic hydrolysis; and
c. optionally, following step (b), subjecting at least part of the liquid fraction obtained in step (b) to a fermentation in order to ferment at least part of the soluble carbohydrates to a fermentation product, thereby obtaining a fermentation broth;
wherein the lignin has a Lignin Ion Exchange Capacity (LIEC) of 0.4 mol/kg dry matter (DM) or less.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation product comprises ethanol, methane, or butanol.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrothermal pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass is performed at a temperature of 150-260° C.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrothermal pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass is performed in a period of residence time of 2-120 minutes.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrothermal pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass results in a xylan number of 5% or more.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolysis comprises action of one or more cellulase(s) selected from the group consisting of exo-glucanases, endo-glucanases, hemi-cellulases and beta-glucosidases.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolysis is performed for a period of time of 1-200 hours.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step (b) and step (c) are performed as a separate hydrolysis and fermentation step (SHF), and wherein the hydrolysis is performed at a temperature of 30-72° C.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (b) and step (c) are performed as a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation step (SSF), and wherein the hydrolysis is performed at a temperature of 30-72° C.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process comprises C5 bypass wherein the C5 bypass comprises a solid/liquid separation step before step (b), wherein the liquid fraction is not subjected to the hydrolysis in step (b), or wherein the process is conducted as whole slurry process, wherein the pretreated biomass is subjected directly in a subsequent hydrolysis step.
11. The process of claim 1 , further comprising isolating at least part of the fermentation product from the fermentation broth occurs through use of distillation.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is obtained from soft lignocellulosic biomass.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process does not comprises addition of acid or base during pretreatment.
14. The process of claim 1 , further comprising admixing at least part of the lignin component with bitumen to form a bitumen composition comprising lignin, one or more plasticity modifying agent(s), and optionally one or more further component(s).
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the lignin has a phenolic OH (phOH) content of 2 mmol/g or less and/or a sulphur(S) content of 0.4% (w/w) or less.
16. The process of claim 14 , wherein the bitumen is straight run bitumen, hard bitumen, oxidised bitumen, cut-back bitumen or fluxed bitumen.
17. The process of claim 14 , the one or more further component(s) comprises one or more aggregate(s) and/or filler(s), and/or one or more active component(s).
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the one or more component(s) is selected from the group consisting of one or more dispersing agent(s), surfactant(s), hydrotropic agent(s), emulsifier(s), preserving agent(s), anti-foaming agent(s), viscosity modifier(s), reactive polymer(s) and any combination thereof.
19. The process of claim 14 , wherein the one or more plasticity modifying agent(s) is one or more plastomer, one or more thermoplastic elastomer, one or more rubber, one or more viscosity modifier, and/or one or more reactive polymer, or any combination thereof.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the one or more plastomer is selected from one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-methyl acrylate (EMA), ethylene-butyl acrylate (EBA), atactic polypropylene (APP), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polystyrene (PS), and any combination thereof.
21. The process of claim 19 , wherein the thermoplastic elastomers is one or more of butadiene elastomer (SBE), linear or radial styrene-butadiene-styrene elastomer (SBS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-isoprene-styrene elastomer (SIS), styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene elastomer (SEBS), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), isobutene-isoprene random copolymer (IIR), polyisobutene (PIB), polybutadiene (PBD), polyisoprene (PI) and any combination thereof.
22. The process of claim 19 , wherein the one or more rubber is a natural rubber.
23. The process of claim 19 , wherein the one or more viscosity modifier is one or more flux oil, or Fischer-Tropsch waxes, including any combination thereof.
24. The process of claim 19 , wherein the one or more reactive polymer is one or more random terpolymer of ethylene, acrylic ester and glycidyl methacrylate; maleic anhydride-grafted styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer, or any combination thereof.