Localized IQ mismatch measurement and compensation systems and methods
The present disclosure relates to quadrature (IQ) signal mismatch in RFDACs. IQ mismatch is a non-ideality which occurs whenever I and Q vectors deployed to modulate the phase and the amplitude of RFDAC output signals are not aligned to be offset 90 degrees between each other. IQ mismatch may result in EVM degradation, and may be especially problematic for the RFDAC architecture because the RFDAC operates its digital-to-analog conversion at RF rate. A system may be deployed in the RFDAC to measure and compensate for IQ mismatch. The system may enable full-CMOS digital integration of both the measurement and compensation procedures. The system uses a simple flip-flop structure and exploits the fact that phase-vectors in CMOS logic are eventually digital pulses, and as such the mismatch between I and Q pulses with identical rise-fall time is simply measured as a skewed rise-to-rise and fall-to-fall delay between phases.
1. A digital-to-analog converter, comprising:
a delay line comprising a plurality of inverters selectively coupled to an output of the delay line via a first plurality of switches;
an additive delay line comprising a second plurality of switches coupled to a plurality of capacitive elements, wherein the additive delay line is coupled between a first inverter and a second inverter of the plurality of inverters; and
a latch sensor comprising an input coupled to the output of the delay line and configured to transition a state of a relative signal based on a reference signal overlapping a falling edge of a first quadrature signal at the latch sensor.
2. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 1 , wherein the delay line is configured to apply a first delay to the reference signal.
3. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 2 , wherein each switch of the first plurality of switches is coupled between two inverters of the plurality of inverters and the output of the delay line.
4. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 3 , wherein closing a first switch of the first plurality of switches applies a first adjustment to the first delay and closing a second switch of the first plurality of switches applies a second adjustment to the first delay different from the first adjustment.
5. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 2 , wherein the additive delay line is configured to apply a second delay to the reference signal, wherein the second delay comprises a larger delay than the first delay.
6. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 5 , wherein closing a first switch of the second plurality of switches applies a first adjustment to the second delay and closing a second switch of the second plurality of switches applies a second adjustment to the second delay.
7. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 1 , wherein the latch sensor is configured to transition the state of the relative signal based on the reference signal overlapping a rising edge of the first quadrature signal at the latch sensor, wherein the relative signal is output from the latch sensor.
8. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 1 , wherein the reference signal comprises a second quadrature signal.
9. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 1 , comprising processing circuitry configured to determine a quadrature signal mismatch between the reference signal and the first quadrature signal based on the transition of the state of the relative signal.
10. A system, comprising:
a delay line comprising a plurality of inverters selectively coupled to an output of the delay line via a first plurality of switches, wherein the delay line is configured to apply a first delay to a reference signal; and
an additive delay line comprising a second plurality of switches coupled to a plurality of capacitive elements, wherein the additive delay line is coupled between a first inverter and a second inverter of the plurality of inverters; and
a latch sensor comprising an input coupled to the output of the delay line, the latch sensor configured to transition a state of a relative signal based on a reference signal overlapping a falling edge of a first quadrature signal at the latch sensor.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein each switch of the first plurality of switches is coupled between two inverters of the plurality of inverters and the output of the delay line, wherein the latch sensor is configured to transition a state of a relative signal based on a reference signal overlapping a rising edge of the first quadrature signal at the latch sensor, wherein the relative signal is output from the latch sensor, wherein the latch sensor is configured to transition the state of the relative signal based on the reference signal overlapping a falling edge of the first quadrature signal at the latch sensor, wherein the reference signal comprises a second quadrature signal.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein closing a first switch of the first plurality of switches applies a first adjustment to the first delay and closing a second switch of the first plurality of switches applies a second adjustment to the first delay different from the first adjustment.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the additive delay line is configured to apply a second delay to the reference signal, wherein the second delay comprises a larger delay than the first delay.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein closing a first switch of the second plurality of switches applies a first adjustment to the second delay and closing a second switch of the second plurality of switches applies a second adjustment to the second delay.
15. A method, comprising:
applying, via a delay line, a first delay to a reference signal, the delay line comprising a plurality of inverters selectively coupled to an output of the delay line via a first plurality of switches;
applying, via an additive delay line, a second delay to the reference signal, the additive delay line comprising a second plurality of switches coupled to a plurality of capacitive elements, wherein the additive delay line is coupled between a first inverter and a second inverter of the plurality of inverters; and
transitioning, via a latch sensor, a state of a relative signal output from the latch sensor based on the reference signal overlapping a falling edge of a first quadrature signal at the latch sensor, wherein an input of the latch sensor is coupled to the output of the delay line.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the latch sensor is configured to again transition the state of the relative signal based on the reference signal overlapping a rising edge of the first quadrature signal at the latch sensor.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the reference signal comprises a second quadrature signal.
18. The method of claim 16 , comprising determining, via processing circuitry, a quadrature signal mismatch between the reference signal and the first quadrature signal based on the transition of the state of the relative signal.
19. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 9 , wherein the processing circuitry is configured to apply a compensation to the first quadrature signal to compensate for the quadrature signal mismatch by applying a delay to a rising edge of the first quadrature signal or a falling edge of the first quadrature signal.
20. The digital-to-analog converter of claim 1 , wherein the relative signal comprises a readback signal output from the latch sensor based on a relationship between the reference signal and the first quadrature signal.