Systems and methods of managing and evaluating emergency medical procedures
Systems, apparatuses, and methods directed to the collection and analysis of data related to a patient during an emergency advanced airway management process. The collected data may be obtained using various types of sensors, with the data collection process being managed or coordinated by a suitable system, such as a combination monitor-defibrillator. The monitor-defibrillator (alone or in combination with other system elements, such as a wired or wireless communications capability, a processor, data storage, etc.) may include a capability to process some or all of the acquired data, and in response indicate to a user when some of the collected data may be unreliable.
1. A device for evaluating measured carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) content in an exhaled breath, comprising:
an input configured to receive the measured CO 2 content;
a user interface; and
a processor configured to:
generate a measurement based on the measured CO 2 content;
identify alternating positive and negative slopes in the measured CO 2 content;
determine that the measured CO 2 content comprises positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts by:
determining that the alternating positive and negative slopes have greater than a threshold steepness; and
determining that a periodicity of the positive and negative slopes is above a threshold periodicity;
in response to determining that the measured CO 2 content comprises the positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts,
determine a likelihood that the measurement is unreliable;
display, on the user interface, a portion of the measurement indicative of artifacts in a first color and a portion of the measurement devoid of artifacts in a second color; and
indicate, on the user interface, the likelihood that the measurement is unreliable.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine a characteristic of the positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts and the user interface is configured to indicate the characteristic.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the measurement comprises an end tidal CO 2 value or a respiratory rate.
4. A device for evaluating measured carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) content in an exhaled breath, comprising:
an input configured to receive the measured CO 2 content;
a user interface; and
a processor configured to:
generate a measurement based on the measured CO 2 content;
identify alternating positive and negative slopes in the measured CO 2 content;
determine that the measured CO 2 content comprises positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts by:
determining that the alternating positive and negative slopes have greater than a threshold steepness; and
determining that a periodicity of the positive and negative slopes is above a threshold periodicity;
in response to determining that the measured CO 2 content comprises positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts, determine a likelihood that the measurement is unreliable;
highlight, on the user interface, a portion of the measurement indicative of the positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts; and
indicate, on the user interface, the likelihood the measurement is unreliable.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine a characteristic of the positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts and the user interface is configured to indicate the characteristic.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the characteristic comprises a timing of the positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts.
7. The device of claim 5 , wherein the characteristic comprises a proportion of a total interval in which the positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts are present.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the processor is configured to determine that the measured CO 2 content comprises the positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts by determining that a magnitude of the positive pressure ventilation induced artifacts in the total interval is equal to or greater than a threshold.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the device is a monitor-defibrillator or a post-event review device.
10. A method for evaluating measured carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) content in an exhaled breath, the method comprising:
receiving the measured CO 2 content;
identify alternating positive and negative slopes in the measured CO 2 content;
determining, by a processor, that the measured CO 2 content comprises artifacts by:
determining that the alternating positive and negative slopes have greater than a threshold steepness; and
determining that a periodicity of the positive and negative slopes is above a threshold periodicity, the artifacts comprising ventilation induced artifacts;
in response to determining that the measured CO 2 content comprises the artifacts, determining, by the processor, a likelihood that the measured CO2 content is unreliable;
displaying, by a user interface, a portion of the measured CO 2 content indicative of the artifacts in a first color and a portion of the measured CO 2 content devoid of artifacts in a second color; and
indicating, by the user interface, the likelihood that the measured CO 2 content is unreliable.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
generating a measurement based on the measured CO 2 content; and
indicating a likelihood that the measurement is unreliable when the measured CO 2 content includes the artifacts.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the measurement comprises an end tidal CO 2 value or a respiratory rate.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising concurrently displaying, on a display, the measurement and the likelihood the measurement is unreliable.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to:
determine the likelihood that the measurement is unreliable by comparing a magnitude of the artifacts to a threshold.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine that the artifacts comprise chest compression induced artifacts; and
in response to determining that the artifacts comprise chest compression induced artifacts, determine a magnitude of the chest compression induced artifacts; and
wherein the user interface is further configured to indicate the magnitude of the chest compression induced artifacts.
16. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a CO 2 sensor configured to measure the CO 2 content.
17. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
determining a magnitude of the artifacts; and
displaying, by the user interface, the magnitude of the artifacts.
18. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
disable an end-tidal CO 2 alarm in response to determining the likelihood that the measurement is unreliable.