Heat and moisture exchanger for a patient interface
A patient interface for supplying a flow of breathable gas to the airways of a patient may comprise a heat and moisture exchanger (HME). The HME may be positioned in a flow path of the flow of breathable gas. The HME may absorb heat and moisture from gas exhaled by the patient and the incoming flow of breathable gas to be supplied to the patient's airways may be heated and moisturized by the heat and moisture held in the HME.
1. A heat and moisture exchanger (HMX) device for heat and/or humidifying pressurized air directed to a patient's airways during respiratory therapy with a patient interface, the HMX device comprising:
a water-absorbent HMX material having a concave-shaped posterior side configured to face the patient and avoid contact with the patient in use; and
a frame comprising:
a front retention member positioned on a front side of the frame and partly forming first frame apertures, the water-absorbent HMX material being exposed through the first frame apertures;
second frame apertures that are smaller than the first frame apertures, the water-absorbent HMX material being exposed through the second frame apertures; and
a rear retention member positioned on a rear side of the frame, the front retention member and the rear retention member retaining the water-absorbent HMX material inside of the frame.
2. The HMX device of claim 1 , wherein the second frame apertures are positioned radially outward of the first frame apertures.
3. The HMX device of claim 1 , wherein the frame comprises a first wall portion on the front side of the frame.
4. The HMX device of claim 3 , wherein the first frame apertures are partly formed by the first wall portion.
5. The HMX device of claim 3 , wherein the frame comprises a second wall portion around a periphery of the water-absorbent HMX material.
6. The HMX device of claim 5 , wherein the second frame apertures are formed by the second wall portion.
7. The HMX device of claim 1 , wherein the frame is constructed from a material that is more rigid than the water-absorbent HMX material and does not absorb moisture.
8. The HMX device of claim 1 , wherein the frame comprises a pair of engagement members configured to removably connect to the patient interface.
9. The HMX device of claim 8 , wherein the pair of engagement members are configured to removably connect to the patient interface with a snap-fit.
10. The HMX device of claim 8 , wherein the pair of engagement members are positioned outward of the first frame apertures.
11. The HMX device of claim 1 , wherein the water-absorbent HMX material includes a plurality of channels configured to allow pressurized air to flow through the water-absorbent HMX material during use along a flow path, and
wherein the first frame apertures are aligned with the flow path such that pressurized air flows through the water-absorbent HMX material and the first frame apertures during use.
12. The HMX device of claim 1 , wherein the water-absorbent HMX material comprises a plurality of layers that form a plurality of corrugations, and the plurality of corrugations forming a plurality of channels to allow pressurized air to flow through the water-absorbent HMX material.
13. The HMX device of claim 1 , wherein the water-absorbent HMX material is foam.
14. The HMX device of claim 1 , wherein the water-absorbent HMX material is paper.
15. The HMX device of claim 14 , wherein the water-absorbent HMX material includes corrugations and the water-absorbent HMX material is rolled into a coil.
16. The HMX device of claim 14 , wherein the water-absorbent HMX material further comprises a biocompatible additive to increase water absorbency.
17. The HMX device of claim 16 , wherein the biocompatible additive is CaCl 2 ).
18. The HMX device of claim 1 , wherein the water-absorbent HMX material comprises foam and paper.
19. A patient interface system configured for sealed delivery of a flow of air at a continuously positive pressure with respect to ambient air pressure to an entrance to a patient's airways including at least the patient's nares, wherein the patient interface system is configured to maintain a therapeutic pressure in a range of about 4 cmH2O to about 30 cmH2O above ambient air pressure in use, throughout the patient's respiratory cycle, while the patient is sleeping, to ameliorate sleep disordered breathing, said patient interface system comprising:
a patient interface comprising:
a plenum chamber configured to be pressurised at the therapeutic pressure in use;
a seal forming structure connected to the plenum chamber and configured to seal with an area around the entrance to the patient's airways including at least the patient's nares, the seal forming structure being constructed from a soft, flexible, resilient material;
a positioning and stabilising structure comprising at least one tie and configured to maintain the seal forming structure in sealing contact with the area surrounding the entrance to the patient's airways while maintaining the therapeutic pressure at the entrance to the patient's airways;
a connection port configured to connect to an air circuit; and
a gas washout vent configured to allow a flow of patient exhaled gas to escape to ambient air to minimise rebreathing of exhaled carbon dioxide by the patient; and
the HMX device of claim 1 .
20. The patient interface system of claim 19 , wherein the frame comprises a pair of engagement members positioned on an external surface of the frame, and
wherein the pair of engagement members are configured to releasably engage the plenum chamber with a snap-fit.
21. The patient interface system of claim 19 , wherein the water-absorbent HMX material is supported relative to the patient interface such that during use:
the flow of air travels in a first direction from the connection port, through the water-absorbent HMX material, and to the patient's airways; and
the flow of patient exhaled gas travels in a second direction, opposite the first direction, from the patient's airways, through the water-absorbent HMX material, and exits to atmosphere through the gas washout vent.
22. The patient interface system of claim 21 , further comprising a baffle configured to separate the flow of air traveling in the first direction from the flow of patient exhaled gas traveling in the second direction.
23. The patient interface system of claim 19 , further comprising an auxiliary vent positioned on a patient side of the plenum chamber relative to the HMX device.
24. The patient interface system of claim 19 , wherein the HMX device is positioned inside of the plenum chamber.
25. A respiratory therapy system to provide respiratory therapy to a patient, the respiratory therapy system comprising:
a respiratory therapy device including a pressure generator configured to generate a flow of air at a continuously positive pressure with respect to ambient air pressure in a range of about 4 cmH2O to about 30 cmH2O above ambient air pressure in use;
the patient interface system of claim 19 ; and
an air circuit configured to provide the flow of air from the respiratory therapy device to the patient interface system.
26. The respiratory therapy system of claim 25 , wherein the respiratory therapy system does not include a humidifier.