Low viscosity lubricating fluid for an electric motor system
An electric motor lubricating fluid for an electric motor system including a lubricating base oil, at least one sulfurized component, at least two phosphorus-providing additives, and at least one high molecular weight dispersant. The electric motor lubricating fluid provides acceptable wear performance as well as good electrical conductivity and oxidative stability for use in electric motor system fluids having a low viscosity.
1. An electric motor lubricating fluid suitable for electric or hybrid-electric vehicles, the electric motor lubricating fluid comprising:
one or more base oils of lubricating viscosity;
about 2 to about 4 weight percent of a succinimide dispersant derived from a high-molecular weight polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 2,000 or greater;
an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester providing about 40 to about 70 ppm of phosphorus to the electric motor lubricating fluid;
an oil-soluble phosphorus antiwear additive including an ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate providing about 40 to about 70 ppm of phosphorus to the electric motor lubricating fluid;
a sulfur-providing additive including a thiadiazole or derivative thereof providing up to 950 ppm of sulfur to the electric motor lubricating fluid; and
wherein the electric motor lubricating fluid has a kV 100° C. of about 4.5 cSt or less and, about 150 to about 250 ppm of total phosphorus.
2. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , wherein the amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester has the structure of Formula I or a solvate or hydrate thereof:
wherein
R 1 and R 2 are, independently, hydrogen or a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbyl group;
m is an integer from 0 to 1, p is an integer from 1 to 2, and m+p equals 2;
R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are, independently, hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group and at least one of R 3 to R 6 is a hydrocarbyl group.
3. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 2 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are, independently, a C 3 to C 10 alkyl group and wherein at least one of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is a C 10 to C 20 alkyl group.
4. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , wherein the number average molecular weight of the high molecular weight polyisobutylene is about 2,000 to about 2,300.
5. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 4 , wherein the succinimide dispersant has about 0.5 to about 1 weight percent nitrogen and is post treated with a phosphorus containing compound and a boron containing compound, and wherein the succinimide dispersant delivers about 70 to about 140 ppm phosphorus and about 150 to about 300 ppm nitrogen to the electric motor lubricating fluid.
6. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , wherein the succinimide dispersant, the amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester, the ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate, and the thiadiazole or derivative thereof are provided in an additive concentrate and wherein the additive concentrate has a kV 100° C. of about 15 to about 80 cSt.
7. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 6 , wherein a ratio of the kV 100° C. of the additive concentrate to the kV 100° C. of the electric motor lubricating fluid is about 5:1 to about 30:1.
8. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , wherein the electric motor lubricating fluid has a change in viscosity of less than 0.09 cSt after the electric motor lubricating fluid has been aged according to CEC L-48-A.
9. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , wherein the electric motor lubricating fluid achieves a failure load stage of at least 8 in the FZG A10/16.6R/90 scuffing test of CEC L-84-02.
10. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , wherein the electric motor lubricating fluid has an electrical conductivity of about 60 nS/M or less as measured by a modified conductivity test pursuant to ASTM D2624-15 using the electric motor lubricating fluid and measured at 20 Hz and at 100° C.
11. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , wherein the oil-soluble phosphorus antiwear additive including the ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate is made by a process comprising the steps of (a) reacting an organic hydroxy compound with phosphorus pentasulfide to form a reaction product and further reacting the reaction product with an unsaturated carboxylic acid to form the oil-soluble phosphorus antiwear additive including the ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate.
12. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , wherein the ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate includes a compound of Formula II, or a salt thereof:
wherein R 7 and R 8 are, independently, a C 3 to C 8 linear or branched alkyl group, and R 9 is —H or —CH 3 .
13. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 12 , wherein the ashless dialkyl dithiophosphoate is 3-[[bis(2-methylpropoxy) phosphinothioyl]thio]-2-methyl-propanoic acid.
14. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , wherein the thiadiazole or derivative thereof includes one or more compounds having a structure of Formula III:
wherein
each R 10 is, independently, hydrogen or sulfur;
each R 11 is, independently, an alkyl group;
n is an integer of 0 or 1 and if R 10 is hydrogen then the integer n of the adjacent R 11 moiety is 0 and if R 10 is sulfur then the n of the adjacent R 11 moiety is 1; and
wherein at least one R 10 is sulfur.
15. The electric motor lubricating fluid of claim 1 , further including one or more metal-containing detergent additives providing no more than about 50 ppm of calcium to the electric motor lubricating fluid.
16. An additive concentrate suitable for an electric motor lubricating fluid, the additive concentrate comprising:
about 40 to about 70 weight percent of a succinimide dispersant derived from a high molecular weight polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 2,000 or greater;
an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester providing about 1000 to about 1500 ppm of phosphorus to the additive concentrate;
an oil-soluble phosphorus antiwear additive including an ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate providing about 800 ppm to about 1300 ppm of phosphorus to the additive concentrate;
a sulfur-providing additive including a thiadiazole or derivative thereof providing sulfur, but no more than about 18,000 ppm of sulfur to the additive concentrate; and
wherein the additive concentrate has a kV 100° C. of about 15 cSt to about 80 sCt.
17. The additive concentrate of claim 16 , wherein the number average molecular weight of the high molecular weight polyisobutylene is about 2,000 to about 2,300.
18. The additive concentrate of claim 16 , wherein the succinimide dispersant has about 0.5 to about 1 weight percent nitrogen and is post treated with a phosphorus containing compound and a boron containing compound, and wherein the succinimide dispersant delivers about 70 to about 140 ppm phosphorus and about 150 to about 300 ppm nitrogen to the electric motor lubricating fluid.
19. The additive concentrate of claim 16 , further including one or more metal-containing detergent additives providing no more than about 950 ppm of calcium to the additive concentrate.
20. A method for lubricating a driveline component including an electric motor, the method comprising:
lubricating the driveline component with an electric motor lubricating composition and wherein the electric motor lubricating composition contacts portions of the electric motor;
the electric motor lubricating composition including (i) one or more base oils of lubricating viscosity; (ii) about 2 to about 4 weight percent of a succinimide dispersant derived from a high molecular weight polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 2,000 or greater; (iii) an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester providing about 40 to about 70 ppm of phosphorus to the electric motor lubricating fluid; (iv) an oil-soluble phosphorus antiwear additive including an ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate providing about 40 to about 70 ppm of phosphorus to the electric motor lubricating fluid; and (v) a sulfur-providing additive including a thiadiazole or derivative thereof providing sulfur, but no more than about 950 ppm of sulfur to the electric motor lubricating fluid; and
wherein the electric motor lubricating fluid has a kV 100° C. of about 3.5 cSt or less, about 150 to about 200 ppm of total phosphorus, and an electrical conductivity of about 37 nS/M or less, as measured by a modified conductivity test pursuant to ASTM D2624-15 using the electric motor lubricating fluid and measured at 20 Hz and at 100° C.
21. The method for lubricating a driveline component including an electric motor of claim 20 , wherein the number average molecular weight of the high molecular weight polyisobutylene is about 2,000 to about 2,300.
22. The method for lubricating a driveline component including an electric motor of claim 20 , wherein the succinimide dispersant has about 0.5 to about 1 weight percent nitrogen and is post treated with a phosphorus containing compound and a boron containing compound, and wherein the succinimide dispersant delivers about 70 to about 140 ppm phosphorus and about 150 to about 300 ppm nitrogen to the electric motor lubricating.
23. The method for lubricating a driveline component including an electric motor of claim 20 , wherein the succinimide dispersant, the amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester; the oil-soluble phosphorus antiwear additive including an ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate; and the sulfur-providing additive including a thiadiazole or derivative thereof are provided in an additive concentrate having a kV 100° C. of about 15 to about 80 cSt.
24. The method for lubricating a driveline component including an electric motor of claim 23 , wherein a ratio of the kV 100° C. of the additive concentrate to the kV 100° C. of the electric motor lubricating fluid is about 5:1 to about 30:1.
25. The method for lubricating a driveline component including an electric motor of claim 20 , wherein the electric motor lubricating fluid has a change in viscosity of less than 0.09 cSt after the electric motor lubricating fluid has been aged according to CEC L-48-A.
26. The method for lubricating a driveline component including an electric motor of claim 20 , wherein the electric motor lubricating fluid achieves a failure load stage of at least 8 in the FZG A10/16.6R/90 scuffing test of CEC L-84-02.
27. The method for lubricating a driveline component including an electric motor of claim 20 , wherein the electric motor lubricating composition further includes one or more metal-containing detergent additives providing no more than about 50 ppm of calcium to the electric motor lubricating composition.