Ring waveguide based integrated photonics optical gyroscope with balanced detection scheme
The present disclosure relates to integrated photonics-based optical gyroscopes with silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide-based microresonators. SiN microresonators are fabricated either on a fused silica platform or on a silicon substrate with oxide cladding. A narrow linewidth high-Q laser is hybridly integrated on a silicon photonics platform. The laser is tuned with a first SiN microresonator, and the rotational sensing component of the gyroscope comprises another SiN microresonator. The silicon photonics front-end chip has components for a balanced detection scheme to cancel noise in the optical signal coming back from the rotational sensing component.
1. An optical gyroscope fabricated as an integrated photonics chip, comprising:
a first portion of the integrated photonics chip comprising waveguide-based optical components, wherein a narrow linewidth laser light is launched from the first portion of the integrated photonics chip to a second portion of the integrated photonics chip; and
a rotation sensing element in the second portion of the integrated photonics chip that receives the narrow linewidth laser light from the first portion, wherein the narrow linewidth of the laser light dictates a quality factor of the rotation sensing element,
wherein the first portion and the second portion of the integrated photonics chip are packaged together on a common platform, and the rotation sensing element produces an output optical signal that is divided equally to propagate into two symmetrical waveguide branches leading to two respective photodetectors to achieve balanced power detection.
2. The optical gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises a stand-alone front-end chip.
3. The optical gyroscope of claim 2 , wherein the second portion comprises a stand-alone sensing chip containing the rotation sensing element.
4. The optical gyroscope of claim 3 , wherein the stand-alone front-end chip is butt-coupled to the stand-alone sensing chip so that the narrow linewidth laser light aligns to the rotation sensing element for efficient coupling.
5. The optical gyroscope of claim 3 , wherein the stand-alone sensing chip comprises silicon nitride waveguide core.
6. The optical gyroscope of claim 5 , wherein the narrow-linewidth laser light is produced by a semiconductor laser integrated with the first portion of the integrated photonics chip.
7. The optical gyroscope of claim 6 , wherein the semiconductor laser is injection-locked to a laser microresonator ring.
8. The optical gyroscope of claim 6 , wherein the rotation sensing element comprises a linear input waveguide and a sensing microresonator ring whose quality factor is dictated by the narrow linewidth laser light.
9. The optical gyroscope of claim 5 , wherein a linewidth of the semiconductor laser is thermally tuned by a heater.
10. The optical gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the integrated photonics chip comprises the two photodetectors that detect power of the output optical signal from the rotation sensing element.
11. The optical gyroscope of claim 10 , wherein the waveguide-based optical components on the first portion of the integrated photonics chip comprise symmetrical elements along the two symmetrical waveguide branches to achieve balanced power detection of the output optical signal from the rotation sensing element.
12. The optical gyroscope of claim 11 , wherein each waveguide branch comprises a directional coupler.
13. The optical gyroscope of claim 12 , wherein each waveguide branch comprises a variable optical attenuator.
14. The optical gyroscope of claim 13 , wherein each waveguide branch comprises a phase modulator.
15. The optical gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the common platform is a silicon nitride (SiN) platform including monolithically integrated second portion that comprises SiN-based rotation sensing elements.
16. The optical gyroscope of claim 15 , wherein a cavity is created within the SiN platform into which the first portion of the integrated photonics chip is hybridly integrated, wherein the first portion contains components made of non-SiN materials.
17. The optical gyroscope of claim 16 , wherein the non-SiN materials include silicon photonics components.
18. The optical gyroscope of claim 17 , wherein the non-SiN materials include III-V compound semiconductor based components that are bonded or grown on the silicon photonics components.
19. The optical gyroscope of claim 16 , wherein the non-SiN materials include germanium or silicon germanium photodiodes or avalanche photodetectors.
20. The optical gyroscope of claim 16 , wherein the non-SiN materials include phase modulators made of electro-optic materials.