Non-pneumatic tire
A non-pneumatic tire defining axial, radial, and circumferential directions. The tire includes an annular lattice structure extending radially between an inner circumferential edge and an outer circumferential edge. The lattice structure exhibits topological polarization, with the inner circumferential edge being stiffer than the outer circumferential edge. The topological polarization includes asymmetry in mechanical response to opposing forces applied to the inner and outer circumferential edges. The lattice structure which provides topological polarization endows the tire with localized softness along the outer radius, which enables extreme absorption of asperities, without transferring significant forces to the axle. In some embodiments, the lattice structure further exhibits topological protection, including the topological polarization characteristics being maintained upon experiencing wear at the outer circumferential edge. In some embodiments, the lattice structure is, or is akin to, a Kagome lattice arrangement.
1. A non-pneumatic tire defining axial, radial, and circumferential directions, the non-pneumatic tire comprising:
an inner annular band;
an annular lattice structure extending radially from the inner annular band, the lattice structure defining a plurality of circumferential layers each with a repeating pattern of circumferentially-aligned openings, the circumferential layers including:
a first circumferential layer, and
a second circumferential layer immediately radially outside of, and circumferentially surrounding, the first circumferential layer;
wherein the openings of the first circumferential layer are circumferentially off-set from the openings of the second circumferential layer;
and further wherein:
each of the openings of the first circumferential layer terminate at a radially outermost edge and at a radially innermost edge,
each of the openings of the second circumferential layer terminate at a radially innermost edge and at a radially outermost edge, and
the radially outermost edge of each of the openings of the first circumferential layer is radially spaced from the radially innermost edge of each of the openings of the second circumferential layer in a direction of the inner annular band such that the radially outermost edge of each of the openings of the first circumferential layer is closer to the inner annular band than the radially innermost edge of each of the openings of the second circumferential layer;
wherein a material web interconnects the openings of the first and second circumferential layers, and further wherein the material web defines a first support arrangement extending between and directly connecting first and second, immediately circumferentially adjacent openings of the second circumferential layer, and even further wherein in a radial plane perpendicular to central axis of the tire, the first support arrangement defines first and second triangular shapes between the first and second openings, the first and second triangular shapes each extending between and interconnecting the first and second, immediately circumferentially adjacent openings of the second circumferential layer and intersecting at a first hinge;
wherein the material web further defines a second support arrangement extending between and interconnecting first and second, immediately circumferentially adjacent openings in the first circumferential layer, the second support arrangement defining, in the radial plane, first and second triangular shapes that each extend between and interconnect the first and second, immediately circumferentially adjacent openings in the first circumferential layer, the second triangular shape of the second support arrangement extending between and directly connecting the first opening of the second circumferential layer with the first and second openings of the first circumferential layer, and further wherein the first triangular shape of the first support arrangement and the second triangular shape of the second support arrangement share a common, second hinge,
wherein the first and second triangular shapes of the first support arrangement are separate from the first and second triangular shapes of the second support arrangement.
2. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 ,
wherein the annular lattice structure extends radially between an inner circumferential edge at the inner annular band and an outer circumferential edge;
wherein the lattice structure exhibits topological polarization.
3. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 2 , wherein the topological polarization includes the inner circumferential edge being stiffer than the outer circumferential edge.
4. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 2 , wherein the topological polarization includes asymmetry in mechanical response to opposing forces applied to the inner and outer circumferential edges.
5. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 2 , wherein the lattice structure further exhibits topological protection, including the topological polarization characteristic being maintained upon experiencing wear at the outer circumferential edge.
6. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 2 , wherein the lattice structure is a Kagome lattice arrangement.
7. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein the openings of the first circumferential layer are not radially aligned with the openings of the second circumferential layer.
8. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of circumferential layers further includes a third circumferential layer immediately radially outside of, and circumferentially surrounding, the second circumferential layer, and further wherein the openings of the second circumferential layer are circumferentially off-set from the openings of the third circumferential layer.
9. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 8 , wherein a line in a radial plane perpendicular to a central axis of the tire bisects a shape of at least one of the openings of both the first and third circumferential layers.
10. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 9 , wherein the line does not bisect a shape of any of the openings of the second circumferential layer.
11. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein each of the openings defines a hexagonal shape in a radial plane perpendicular to a central axis of the tire.
12. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 11 , wherein the hexagonal shape is an irregular hexagon.
13. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein each of the openings extend axially through a thickness of the lattice structure.
14. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein the material web further defines a third support arrangement extending between and interconnecting the second opening in the first circumferential layer with a third opening in the first circumferential layer, the third opening being immediately circumferentially adjacent the second opening in the first circumferential layer, the third support arrangement defining, in the radial plane, first and second triangular shapes, the second triangular shape of the third support arrangement extending between and directly connecting the second opening of the second circumferential layer with the second opening of the first circumferential layer and a third opening of the first circumferential layer, and further wherein the first triangular shape of the first support arrangement and the second triangular shape of the third support arrangement share a common, third hinge.
15. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of circumferential layers further includes a third circumferential layer immediately radially outside of, and circumferentially surrounding, the second circumferential layer, and further wherein the material web further defines a fourth support arrangement extending between and interconnecting first and second, immediately circumferentially adjacent openings in the third circumferential layer, the fourth support arrangement defining, in the radial plane, first and second triangular shapes, the first triangular shape of the fourth support arrangement extending between and directly connecting the first opening of the second circumferential layer with first and second openings of the third circumferential layer, and further wherein the second triangular shape of the first support arrangement and the first triangular shape of the fourth support arrangement share a common, fourth hinge.
16. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 15 , wherein the material web further defines a fifth support arrangement extending between and interconnecting the second opening in the third circumferential layer with a third opening in the third circumferential layer, the third opening in the third circumferential layer being immediately circumferentially adjacent the second opening in the third circumferential layer, the fifth support arrangement defining, in the radial plane, first and second triangular shapes, the first triangular shape extending between and directly connecting the second opening of the second circumferential layer with the second opening of the third circumferential layer and a third opening of the third circumferential layer, and further wherein the second triangular shape of the first support arrangement and the first triangular shape of the fifth support arrangement share a common, fifth hinge.
17. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 16 , wherein the first hinge is connected to each of the second hinge, the third hinge the fourth hinge, and the fifth hinge.
18. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein the lattice structure includes a repeating pattern of the first support arrangement.