Sequential digestion of polypeptides for mass spectrometric analysis
The disclosed methods are directed to preparing polypeptides for multi-attribute analysis. The polypeptides are optionally denatured, reduced, and/or alkylated before being subjected to a first digestion. Following the first digestion the large and small fragments resulting from the digestion are separated from each other. A second digestion is then performed on the larger of the fragments. All of the fragments from the two digestions are then analyzed chromatographically, electrophoretically, or spectrometrically, or a combination of these methods. The methods are especially useful for the preparation of therapeutic polypeptides for analysis, especially those that are not easily cleaved.
1. A method of preparing a therapeutic polypeptide for analysis, comprising:
a. cleaving the polypeptide in a first digestion, wherein the cleaving produces at least two fragments of the polypeptide;
b. separating the at least two fragments from each other to produce a first large peptide fragment-containing solution and a first small peptide fragment-containing solution;
c. cleaving the large peptide fragments of the first large peptide fragment-containing solution in a second digestion, wherein at least one of the large peptide fragments of the first large peptide fragment-containing solution is cleaved to produce at least two fragments of the large peptide fragments of the first large peptide fragment-containing solution;
d. combining the digested solution of c. and the small peptide fragment-containing solution of b; and
e. analyzing the combined solution of d.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cleaving the polypeptide in the first digestion comprises proteolytic or chemical cleavage.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cleaving is proteolytic cleavage accomplished by a protease.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the protease is selected from the group consisting of neutrophil elastase, trypsin, endoproteinase Glu-C, endoproteinase Arg-C, pepsin, chymotrypsin, chymotrypsin B, Lys-N protease, Lys-C protease, Glu-C protease, Asp-N protease, pancreatopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase B, proteinase K, and thermolysin, and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the protease is trypsin.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide is denatured before cleaving the polypeptide in the sample in the first digestion.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide is alkylated before cleaving the polypeptide in the sample in the first digestion.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide is denatured and either alkylated or reduced before cleaving the polypeptide in the sample in the first digestion.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide is denatured, reduced, and alkylated before cleaving the polypeptide in the sample in the first digestion.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cleaving the polypeptide in the second digestion comprises proteolytic cleavage accomplished by a protease.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the protease is selected from the group consisting of neutrophil elastase, trypsin, endoproteinase Glu-C, endoproteinase Arg-C, pepsin, chymotrypsin, chymotrypsin B, Lys-N protease, Lys-C protease, Glu-C protease, Asp-N protease, pancreatopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase B, proteinase K, and thermolysin, and combinations thereof; wherein the protease is different than the protease used for cleaving the polypeptide in the first digestion.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the protease is neutrophil elastase.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the neutrophil elastase is human neutrophil elastase.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein analyzing comprises at least one technique selected from the group consisting of chromatography, electrophoresis, spectrometry, and combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the technique for analyzing the sample comprises:
a. chromatography and is selected from the group consisting of gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, expanded bed adsorption chromatography, reverse-phase chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and combinations thereof;
b. electrophoresis and is selected from the group consisting of gel electrophoresis, free-flow electrophoresis, electrofocusing, isotachophoresis, affinity electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, counterelectrophoresis, and capillary electrophoresis, capillary zone electrophoresis, and combinations thereof; or
c. spectrometry and is selected from the group consisting of mass spectrometry, ultraviolet spectrometry, visible light spectrometry, fluorescent spectrometry, and ultraviolet-visible light spectrometry, and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the technique comprises liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least two fragments of step a. are separated using a molecular weight cutoff filter.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the molecular cutoff of the filter is 30 kDa.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is at least partially executed by an automated liquid handling device.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, a derivative of an antibody or antibody fragment, and a fusion polypeptide.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the therapeutic polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of infliximab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, ranibizumab, palivizumab, abagovomab, abciximab, actoxumab, adalimumab, afelimomab, afutuzumab, alacizumab, alacizumab pegol, ald518, alemtuzumab, alirocumab, altumomab, amatuximab, anatumomab mafenatox, anrukinzumab, apolizumab, arcitumomab, aselizumab, altinumab, atlizumab, atorolimiumab, tocilizumab, bapineuzumab, basiliximab, bavituximab, bectumomab, belimumab, benralizumab, bertilimumab, besilesomab, bevacizumab, bezlotoxumab, biciromab, bivatuzumab, bivatuzumab mertansine, blinatumomab, blosozumab, brentuximab vedotin, briakinumab, brodalumab, canakinumab, cantuzumab mertansine, cantuzumab mertansine, caplacizumab, capromab pendetide, carlumab, catumaxomab, cc49, cedelizumab, certolizumab pegol, cetuximab, citatuzumab bogatox, cixutumumab, clazakizumab, clenoliximab, clivatuzumab tetraxetan, conatumumab, crenezumab, cr6261, dacetuzumab, daclizumab, dalotuzumab, daratumumab, demcizumab, denosumab, detumomab, dorlimomab aritox, drozitumab, duligotumab, dupilumab, ecromeximab, eculizumab, edobacomab, edrecolomab, efalizumab, efungumab, elotuzumab, elsilimomab, enavatuzumab, enlimomab pegol, enokizumab, enoticumab, ensituximab, epitumomab cituxetan, epratuzumab, erenumab, erlizumab, ertumaxomab, etaracizumab, etrolizumab, evolocumab, exbivirumab, fanolesomab, faralimomab, farletuzumab, fasinumab, fbta05, felvizumab, fezakinumab, ficlatuzumab, figitumumab, flanvotumab, fontolizumab, foralumab, foravirumab, fresolimumab, fulranumab, futuximab, galiximab, ganitumab, gantenerumab, gavilimomab, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gevokizumab, girentuximab, glembatumumab vedotin, golimumab, gomiliximab, gs6624, ibalizumab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, icrucumab, igovomab, imciromab, imgatuzumab, inclacumab, indatuximab ravtansine, infliximab, intetumumab, inolimomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, ipilimumab, iratumumab, itolizumab, ixekizumab, keliximab, labetuzumab, lebrikizumab, lemalesomab, lerdelimumab, lexatumumab, libivirumab, ligelizumab, lintuzumab, lirilumab, lorvotuzumab mertansine, lucatumumab, lumiliximab, mapatumumab, maslimomab, mavrilimumab, matuzumab, mepolizumab, metelimumab, milatuzumab, minretumomab, mitumomab, mogamulizumab, morolimumab, motavizumab, moxetumomab pasudotox, muromonab-cd3, nacolomab tafenatox, namilumab, naptumomab estafenatox, narnatumab, natalizumab, nebacumab, necitumumab, nerelimomab, nesvacumab, nimotuzumab, nivolumab, nofetumomab merpentan, ocaratuzumab, ocrelizumab, odulimomab, ofatumumab, olaratumab, olokizumab, omalizumab, onartuzumab, oportuzumab monatox, oregovomab, orticumab, otelixizumab, oxelumab, ozanezumab, ozoralizumab, pagibaximab, palivizumab, panitumumab, panobacumab, parsatuzumab, pascolizumab, pateclizumab, patritumab, pemtumomab, perakizumab, pertuzumab, pexelizumab, pidilizumab, pintumomab, placulumab, ponezumab, priliximab, pritumumab, PRO 140, quilizumab, racotumomab, radretumab, rafivirumab, ramucirumab, ranibizumab, raxibacumab, regavirumab, reslizumab, rilotumumab, rituximab, robatumumab, roledumab, romosozumab, rontalizumab, rovelizumab, ruplizumab, samalizumab, sarilumab, satumomab pendetide, secukinumab, sevirumab, sibrotuzumab, sifalimumab, siltuximab, simtuzumab, siplizumab, sirukumab, solanezumab, solitomab, sonepcizumab, sontuzumab, stamulumab, sulesomab, suvizumab, tabalumab, tacatuzumab tetraxetan, tadocizumab, talizumab, tanezumab, taplitumomab paptox, tefibazumab, telimomab aritox, tenatumomab, tefibazumab, teneliximab, teplizumab, teprotumumab, tezepelumab, TGN1412, tremelimumab, ticilimumab, tildrakizumab, tigatuzumab, TNX-650, tocilizumab, toralizumab, tositumomab, tralokinumab, trastuzumab, TRBS07, tregalizumab, tucotuzumab celmoleukin, tuvirumab, ublituximab, urelumab, urtoxazumab, ustekinumab, vapaliximab, vatelizumab, vedolizumab, veltuzumab, vepalimomab, vesencumab, visilizumab, volociximab, vorsetuzumab mafodotin, votumumab, zalutumumab, zanolimumab, zatuximab, ziralimumab, zolimomab aritox, a glycoprotein, CD polypeptide, a HER receptor polypeptide, a cell adhesion polypeptide, a growth factor polypeptide, an insulin polypeptide, an insulin-related polypeptide, a coagulation polypeptide, a coagulation-related polypeptide, albumin, IgE, a blood group antigen, a colony stimulating factor, a receptor, a neurotrophic factor, an interferon, an interleukin, a viral antigen, a lipoprotein, calcitonin, glucagon, atrial natriuretic factor, lung surfactant, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, enkephalinase, mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide, DNAse, inhibin, activing, an integrin, protein A, protein D, a rheumatoid factor, an immunotoxin, a bone morphogenetic protein, a superoxide dismutase, a surface membrane polypeptide, a decay accelerating factor, an AIDS envelope, a transport polypeptide, a homing receptor, an addressin, a regulatory polypeptide, an immunoadhesin, a myostatin, a TALL polypeptide, an amyloid polypeptide, a thymic stromal lymphopoietin, a RANK ligand, a c-kit polypeptide, a TNF receptor, and an angiopoietin, the antibodies shown in Table 7 and biologically active fragments, analogs or variants thereof.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the therapeutic polypeptide is a bi-specific T-cell engager molecule.
23. A method of preparing a therapeutic polypeptide for analysis, comprising:
a. cleaving the polypeptide in a first digestion, wherein the cleaving produces at least two fragments of the polypeptide;
b. separating the at least two fragments from each other to produce a first large peptide fragment-containing solution and a first small peptide fragment-containing solution;
c. cleaving the large peptide fragments of the first large peptide fragment-containing solution in a second digestion, wherein at least one of the large peptide fragments of the first large peptide fragment-containing solution is cleaved to produce at least two fragments of the large peptide fragments of the first large peptide fragment-containing solution;
d. separating the at least two fragments of the large peptide fragments from each other to produce a second large peptide fragment-containing solution and a second small peptide fragment-containing solution;
e. cleaving the large peptide fragments of the second large peptide fragment-containing solution in a third digestion, wherein at least one of the large peptide fragments of the second large peptide fragment-containing solution is cleaved to produce at least two fragments of the large peptide fragments of the second large peptide fragment-containing solution;
f. combining the digested solution of c., the first small peptide fragment-containing solution of b., and the second small peptide fragment-containing solution of d; and
g. analyzing the combined solution of f.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the cleaving the polypeptide in the third digestion comprises proteolytic cleavage accomplished by a protease.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the protease is selected from the group consisting of neutrophil elastase, trypsin, endoproteinase Glu-C, endoproteinase Arg-C, pepsin, chymotrypsin, chymotrypsin B, Lys-N protease, Lys-C protease, Glu-C protease, Asp-N protease, pancreatopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase B, proteinase K, and thermolysin, and combinations thereof; wherein the protease is different than the protease used for cleaving the polypeptide in the first digestion and different than the protease used for cleaving the polypeptide in the second digestion.
26. A method of preparing a therapeutic polypeptide for analysis, comprising:
a. denaturing, reducing, and alkylating the polypeptide;
b. digesting the polypeptide with trypsin to produce large trypsin-cleaved polypeptide fragments and small trypsin-cleaved polypeptide fragments;
c. separating the large and small trypsin-cleaved polypeptide fragments into a first aliquot and a second aliquot, respectively;
d. digesting the large trypsin-cleaved polypeptide fragments of the first aliquot with neutrophil elastase;
e. combining the first aliquot and second aliquot at about a 1:1 ratio; and
f. analyzing the combined aliquots of step (e).
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the neutrophil elastase is human neutrophil elastase.
28. The method of claim 26 , wherein analyzing the sample comprises at least one technique selected from the group consisting of chromatography, electrophoresis, spectrometry, and combinations thereof.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein:
a. the technique comprises chromatography and is selected from the group consisting of gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, expanded bed adsorption chromatography, reverse-phase chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and combinations thereof;
b. the technique comprises electrophoresis and is selected from the group consisting of gel electrophoresis, free-flow electrophoresis, electrofocusing, isotachophoresis, affinity electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, counterelectrophoresis, and capillary electrophoresis, and combinations thereof; or
c. the technique comprises spectrometry and is selected from the group consisting of mass spectrometry, ultraviolet spectrometry, visible light spectrometry, fluorescent spectrometry, and ultraviolet-visible light spectrometry, and combinations thereof.
30. The method of claim 26 , wherein the therapeutic polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, a derivative of an antibody or antibody fragment, and a fusion polypeptide.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the therapeutic polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of infliximab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, ranibizumab, palivizumab, abagovomab, abciximab, actoxumab, adalimumab, afelimomab, afutuzumab, alacizumab, alacizumab pegol, ald518, alemtuzumab, alirocumab, altumomab, amatuximab, anatumomab mafenatox, anrukinzumab, apolizumab, arcitumomab, aselizumab, altinumab, atlizumab, atorolimiumab, tocilizumab, bapineuzumab, basiliximab, bavituximab, bectumomab, belimumab, benralizumab, bertilimumab, besilesomab, bevacizumab, bezlotoxumab, biciromab, bivatuzumab, bivatuzumab mertansine, blinatumomab, blosozumab, brentuximab vedotin, briakinumab, brodalumab, canakinumab, cantuzumab mertansine, cantuzumab mertansine, caplacizumab, capromab pendetide, carlumab, catumaxomab, cc49, cedelizumab, certolizumab pegol, cetuximab, citatuzumab bogatox, cixutumumab, clazakizumab, clenoliximab, clivatuzumab tetraxetan, conatumumab, crenezumab, cr6261, dacetuzumab, daclizumab, dalotuzumab, daratumumab, demcizumab, denosumab, detumomab, dorlimomab aritox, drozitumab, duligotumab, dupilumab, ecromeximab, eculizumab, edobacomab, edrecolomab, efalizumab, efungumab, elotuzumab, elsilimomab, enavatuzumab, enlimomab pegol, enokizumab, enoticumab, ensituximab, epitumomab cituxetan, epratuzumab, erenumab, erlizumab, ertumaxomab, etaracizumab, etrolizumab, evolocumab, exbivirumab, fanolesomab, faralimomab, farletuzumab, fasinumab, fbta05, felvizumab, fezakinumab, ficlatuzumab, figitumumab, flanvotumab, fontolizumab, foralumab, foravirumab, fresolimumab, fulranumab, futuximab, galiximab, ganitumab, gantenerumab, gavilimomab, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gevokizumab, girentuximab, glembatumumab vedotin, golimumab, gomiliximab, gs6624, ibalizumab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, icrucumab, igovomab, imciromab, imgatuzumab, inclacumab, indatuximab ravtansine, infliximab, intetumumab, inolimomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, ipilimumab, iratumumab, itolizumab, ixekizumab, keliximab, labetuzumab, lebrikizumab, lemalesomab, lerdelimumab, lexatumumab, libivirumab, ligelizumab, lintuzumab, lirilumab, lorvotuzumab mertansine, lucatumumab, lumiliximab, mapatumumab, maslimomab, mavrilimumab, matuzumab, mepolizumab, metelimumab, milatuzumab, minretumomab, mitumomab, mogamulizumab, morolimumab, motavizumab, moxetumomab pasudotox, muromonab-cd3, nacolomab tafenatox, namilumab, naptumomab estafenatox, narnatumab, natalizumab, nebacumab, necitumumab, nerelimomab, nesvacumab, nimotuzumab, nivolumab, nofetumomab merpentan, ocaratuzumab, ocrelizumab, odulimomab, ofatumumab, olaratumab, olokizumab, omalizumab, onartuzumab, oportuzumab monatox, oregovomab, orticumab, otelixizumab, oxelumab, ozanezumab, ozoralizumab, pagibaximab, palivizumab, panitumumab, panobacumab, parsatuzumab, pascolizumab, pateclizumab, patritumab, pemtumomab, perakizumab, pertuzumab, pexelizumab, pidilizumab, pintumomab, placulumab, ponezumab, priliximab, pritumumab, PRO 140, quilizumab, racotumomab, radretumab, rafivirumab, ramucirumab, ranibizumab, raxibacumab, regavirumab, reslizumab, rilotumumab, rituximab, robatumumab, roledumab, romosozumab, rontalizumab, rovelizumab, ruplizumab, samalizumab, sarilumab, satumomab pendetide, secukinumab, sevirumab, sibrotuzumab, sifalimumab, siltuximab, simtuzumab, siplizumab, sirukumab, solanezumab, solitomab, sonepcizumab, sontuzumab, stamulumab, sulesomab, suvizumab, tabalumab, tacatuzumab tetraxetan, tadocizumab, talizumab, tanezumab, taplitumomab paptox, tefibazumab, telimomab aritox, tenatumomab, tefibazumab, teneliximab, teplizumab, teprotumumab, tezepelumab, TGN1412, tremelimumab, ticilimumab, tildrakizumab, tigatuzumab, TNX-650, tocilizumab, toralizumab, tositumomab, tralokinumab, trastuzumab, TRBS07, tregalizumab, tucotuzumab celmoleukin, tuvirumab, ublituximab, urelumab, urtoxazumab, ustekinumab, vapaliximab, vatelizumab, vedolizumab, veltuzumab, vepalimomab, vesencumab, visilizumab, volociximab, vorsetuzumab mafodotin, votumumab, zalutumumab, zanolimumab, zatuximab, ziralimumab, zolimomab aritox, a glycoprotein, CD polypeptide, a HER receptor polypeptide, a cell adhesion polypeptide, a growth factor polypeptide, an insulin polypeptide, an insulin-related polypeptide, a coagulation polypeptide, a coagulation-related polypeptide, albumin, IgE, a blood group antigen, a colony stimulating factor, a receptor, a neurotrophic factor, an interferon, an interleukin, a viral antigen, a lipoprotein, calcitonin, glucagon, atrial natriuretic factor, lung surfactant, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, enkephalinase, mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide, DNAse, inhibin, activing, an integrin, protein A, protein D, a rheumatoid factor, an immunotoxin, a bone morphogenetic protein, a superoxide dismutase, a surface membrane polypeptide, a decay accelerating factor, an AIDS envelope, a transport polypeptide, a homing receptor, an addressin, a regulatory polypeptide, an immunoadhesin, a myostatin, a TALL polypeptide, an amyloid polypeptide, a thymic stromal lymphopoietin, a RANK ligand, a c-kit polypeptide, a TNF receptor, and an angiopoietin, the antibodies shown in Table 7 and biologically active fragments, analogs or variants thereof.
32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the therapeutic polypeptide is a bi-specific T-cell engager molecule.