GNSS positioning based on changes in carrier range

1. A method of estimating a position of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver based on GNSS signals, the method comprising:

obtaining first GNSS measurements made by a signal processing unit of the GNSS receiver at a first position and a first time, the first GNSS measurements comprising first pseudorange measurements and first carrier range measurements associated with a plurality of GNSS satellites observed by the GNSS receiver;

obtaining satellite ephemeris data for at least one satellite among the plurality of satellites;

estimating a first satellite position and a first satellite velocity for the at least one satellite, for the first time, based on the obtained satellite ephemeris data;

calculating a first position solution for the GNSS receiver, based on the first GNSS measurements;

obtaining second GNSS measurements made by the signal processing unit of the GNSS receiver at a second position and a second time, the second GNSS measurements comprising second carrier range measurements associated with the plurality of GNSS satellites;

predicting a change in satellite position for the at least one satellite between the first time and the second time, based on the first satellite position and the first satellite velocity;

determining, for each of the plurality of satellites, a change in carrier range over time, by comparing the first carrier range measurements with the second carrier range measurements;

calculating a position difference between the first position and the second position, based on the determined changes in carrier range and the predicted change in satellite position; and

calculating a second position solution for the GNSS receiver, by combining the first position solution with the position difference.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising estimating a first satellite acceleration for the at least one satellite, for the first time, based on the obtained satellite ephemeris data,

wherein the change in satellite position is predicted based on the first satellite position, the first satellite velocity, and the first satellite acceleration.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining a satellite clock drift for the at least one satellite between the first time and the second time, based on the obtained satellite ephemeris data, and

predicting a change in satellite clock for the at least one satellite between the first time and the second time, based on the satellite clock drift.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein predicting the change in satellite position comprises:

determining a line-of-sight vector between the GNSS receiver and the at least one satellite, based on the first position solution and the first satellite position;

projecting the first satellite velocity onto the line-of-sight vector; and

predicting the change in satellite position along the line-of-sight vector based on the projected first satellite velocity.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first position solution is calculated by a navigation filter.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

obtaining third GNSS measurements made by the signal processing unit of the GNSS receiver at a third position and a third time, the third GNSS measurements comprising third carrier range measurements associated with the plurality of GNSS satellites;

predicting a change in satellite position for the at least one satellite between the first time and the third time, based on the first satellite position and the first satellite velocity;

determining, for each of the plurality of satellites, a change in carrier range over time, by comparing the first carrier range measurements with the third carrier range measurements;

calculating a second position difference between the first position and the third position, based on the determined changes in carrier range and the predicted change in satellite position between the first time and the third time; and

calculating a third position solution for the GNSS receiver, by combining the first position solution with the second position difference.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a time interval between the second time and the third time is less than 0.125 s.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

obtaining fourth GNSS measurements made by the signal processing unit of the GNSS receiver at a fourth position and a fourth time, the fourth GNSS measurements comprising second pseudorange measurements and fourth carrier range measurements associated with a second plurality of GNSS satellites observed by the GNSS receiver; and

calculating a fourth position solution for the GNSS receiver, based on the fourth GNSS measurements.

9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

obtaining satellite ephemeris data for at least one satellite among the second plurality of satellites; and

estimating a fourth satellite position and second satellite velocity for said at least one satellite, for the fourth time, based on the obtained satellite ephemeris data.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein a time interval between the first time and the fourth time is at least 0.125 s.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein calculating the position difference between the first position and the second position comprises compensating for a change in ionospheric delay experienced by GNSS signals received from the at least one satellite between the first time and the second time.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the compensating comprises:

calculating a first elevation of the at least one satellite at the first time;

calculating a second elevation of the at least one satellite at the second time;

estimating a first ionospheric delay associated with the first elevation;

estimating a second ionospheric delay associated with the second elevation; and

calculating the change ionospheric delay by comparing the first and second ionospheric delays.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the change in ionospheric delay is compensated for based on an ionospheric correction model, wherein the ionospheric correction model is parameterized by ionospheric coefficients broadcast by at least one of the plurality of satellites.

14. At least one tangible, non-transitory, computer readable medium storing software that, when executed by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform operations comprising:

obtaining first Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements made by a signal processing unit of a GNSS receiver at a first position and a first time, the first GNSS measurements comprising first pseudorange measurements and first carrier range measurements associated with a plurality of GNSS satellites observed by the GNSS receiver;

obtaining satellite ephemeris data for at least one satellite among the plurality of satellites;

estimating a first satellite position and a first satellite velocity for the at least one satellite, for the first time, based on the obtained satellite ephemeris data;

calculating a first position solution for the GNSS receiver, based on the first GNSS measurements;

obtaining second GNSS measurements made by the signal processing unit of the GNSS receiver at a second position and a second time, the second GNSS measurements comprising second carrier range measurements associated with the plurality of GNSS satellites;

predicting a change in satellite position for the at least one satellite between the first time and the second time, based on the first satellite position and the first satellite velocity;

determining, for each of the plurality of satellites, a change in carrier range over time, by comparing the first carrier range measurements with the second carrier range measurements;

calculating a position difference between the first position and the second position, based on the determined changes in carrier range and the predicted change in satellite position; and

calculating a second position solution for the GNSS receiver, by combining the first position solution with the position difference.

15. A GNSS receiver comprising:

a signal processing unit; and

at least one processor, configured to:

obtain, from the signal processing unit, first GNSS measurements made by the signal processing unit at a first position and a first time, the first GNSS measurements comprising first pseudorange measurements and first carrier range measurements associated with a plurality of GNSS satellites observed by the GNSS receiver;

obtain satellite ephemeris data for at least one satellite among the plurality of satellites;

estimate a first satellite position and a first satellite velocity for the at least one satellite, for the first time, based on the obtained satellite ephemeris data;

calculate a first position solution, based on the first GNSS measurements;

obtain, from the signal processing unit, second GNSS measurements made by the signal processing unit at a second position and a second time, the second GNSS measurements comprising second carrier range measurements associated with the plurality of GNSS satellites;

predict a change in satellite position for the at least one satellite between the first time and the second time, based on the first satellite position and the first satellite velocity;

determine, for each of the plurality of satellites, a change in carrier range over time, by comparing the first carrier range measurements with the second carrier range measurements;

calculate a position difference between the first position and the second position, based on the determined changes in carrier range and the predicted change in satellite position; and

calculate a second position solution for the GNSS receiver, by combining the first position solution with the position difference.