Homomorphic encryption apparatus and method
A homomorphic encryption apparatus and method are disclosed. The homomorphic encryption apparatus includes one or more processors, and memory storing instructions configured to, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to receive a blind rotation key for performing a blind rotation operation and receive an operand ciphertext of the blind rotation operation, generate a first ciphertext by performing addition of a polynomial representation based on the blind rotation key and the operand ciphertext, and generate a target ciphertext by performing key switching and accumulative multiplication based on the first ciphertext.
1. A homomorphic encryption operation apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; and
a receiver device and memory storing instructions configured to, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive, by the receiver device, a blind rotation key and an operand ciphertext;
generate a first ciphertext by performing addition of a polynomial representation based on the blind rotation key and the operand ciphertext; and
generate a target ciphertext by performing key switching and accumulative multiplication based on the first ciphertext,
wherein the key-switching is performed on the first ciphertext which is a temporary ciphertext such that an order of key-switching is changed so that a computational load and memory within the homomorphic encryption operation apparatus required in a blind rotation operation is reduced.
2. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein a Hamming weight of a secret key is used to generate the blind rotation key.
3. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the operand ciphertext is a learning with error (LWE) ciphertext, and
the target ciphertext is a ring learning with error (RLWE) ciphertext.
4. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
generate the first ciphertext based on a variable of a polynomial representation constituting the blind rotation key and based on an index corresponding to an odd exponent of the variable.
5. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
generate the target ciphertext in the form of an RLWE ciphertext by performing the accumulative multiplication between an RLWE ciphertext and a key-switched ciphertext, where the RLWE ciphertest is generated based on a secret key of the operand ciphertext.
6. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
generate a key-switched ciphertext by performing the key switching on the first ciphertext; and
generate the target ciphertext by performing the accumulative multiplication based on the key-switched ciphertext.
7. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
generate a first accumulative multiplication result by performing the accumulative multiplication based on the first ciphertext; and
generate the target ciphertext by performing the key switching on the first accumulative multiplication result.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the key switching and the accumulative multiplication are performed simultaneously.
9. A homomorphic encryption operation apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; and
a receiver device and storage storing instructions configured to, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive, from the receiver device, a blind rotation key and an operand ciphertext;
extract a common variable based on the operand ciphertext and the blind rotation key; and
generate a target ciphertext by performing accumulative multiplication and key switching based on the common variable,
wherein the key-switching is performed on the accumulative multiplication where an order of key-switching is changed so that a computational load and memory within the homomorphic encryption operation apparatus required in a blind rotation operation is reduced.
10. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 9 , wherein a Hamming weight of a secret key is used to generate the blind rotation key.
11. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 9 , wherein
the operand ciphertext is a learning with error (LWE) ciphertext, and
the target ciphertext is a ring learning with error (RLWE) ciphertext.
12. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
extract the common variable using some components of the blind rotation key.
13. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
generate a second accumulative multiplication result by performing the accumulative multiplication based on the common variable;
generate a key-switched second accumulative multiplication result by performing the key switching on the second accumulative multiplication result; and
generate the target ciphertext by performing multiplication of the key-switched second accumulative multiplication result by some terms of polynomials constituting the blind rotation key.
14. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
generate a third accumulative multiplication result by performing the accumulative multiplication based on the common variable;
generate a variable-changed multiplication result by changing a variable of a polynomial representation constituting the third accumulative multiplication result;
generate a key-switched multiplication result by performing the key switching on the variable-changed multiplication result; and
generate the target ciphertext by performing multiplication of the key-switched multiplication result by some terms of polynomials constituting the blind rotation key.
15. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
generate a fourth accumulative multiplication result by performing the accumulative multiplication based on the common variable;
generate a multiplication result by performing multiplication of the fourth accumulative multiplication result by some terms of polynomials constituting the blind rotation key;
generate a variable-changed multiplication result by changing a variable of a polynomial representation constituting the multiplication result; and
generate the target ciphertext by performing the key switching on the variable-changed multiplication result.
16. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
generate the fourth accumulative multiplication result by performing the accumulative multiplication of the common variable by an accumulative value corresponding to a variable corresponding to a power of 5 or −5 among variables of the blind rotation key.
17. The homomorphic encryption operation apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the instructions are further configured to cause the one or more processors to:
generate a first key switching result by performing first key switching based on the common variable; and
generate the target ciphertext by performing the accumulative multiplication and second key switching based on the first key switching result.
18. A homomorphic encryption operation method comprising:
receiving, from a receiver device connected to a homomorphic encryption operation apparatus, a blind rotation key and an operand ciphertext;
generating a first ciphertext by performing addition of a polynomial representation based on the blind rotation key and the operand ciphertext; and
generate a target ciphertext by performing key switching and accumulative multiplication based on the first ciphertext,
wherein the key-switching is performed on the first ciphertext which is a temporary ciphertext such that an order of key-switching is changed so that a computational load and memory within the homomorphic encryption operation apparatus required in a blind rotation operation is reduced.
19. The homomorphic encryption operation method of claim 18 , wherein the generating of the first ciphertext comprises:
generating the first ciphertext based on a variable of a polynomial representation constituting the blind rotation key and an index corresponding to an odd exponent of the variable.
20. The homomorphic encryption operation method of claim 18 , wherein the generating of the target ciphertext comprises:
generating a key-switched ciphertext by performing the key switching on the first ciphertext; and
generating the target ciphertext by performing the accumulative multiplication based on the key-switched ciphertext.
21. The homomorphic encryption operation method of claim 18 , wherein the generating of the target ciphertext comprises:
generating a first accumulative multiplication result by performing the accumulative multiplication based on the first ciphertext; and
generating the target ciphertext by performing the key switching on the first accumulative multiplication result.