IP Library Granted Patent US 12,433,898
Granted Patent B2
US 12,433,898 · App. 17/901,356 · Granted Oct 7, 2025

Use of GABA

Inventors: Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer (Zurich, CH); William Ralvenius (Somerville, MA)
A61K31/5517A61K31/4184A61K31/4188A61K31/437A61K31/5025A61K31/519A61K31/53A61K31/5513A61P17/04
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,433,898
App. No.
17/901,356
Granted
Oct 7, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

A compound for use in the treatment of itch is provided, wherein the compound comprises the general formula (1a), general formula (1b) or general formula (1c). The compounds of the invention are positive allosteric α2 and/or α3 GABA A receptor modulators.

Claims (26)

1. A method for treating a pruritic condition in a subject, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a compound with the general formula (2a″)

with

R 1 being

a substituted phenyl comprising C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, F, Cl, Br, I, —CN as substituents, wherein in particular said substituted phenyl comprises at least one —F as a substituent,

R 7 being

tert-butyl,

a C 4 -cycloalkyl,

R 8 being

—O—CH 2 —R 4 , with R 4 being an C 1 -C 6 substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaryl.

2. The method according to claim 1 , with R 8 being

—O—CH 2 —R 4 , with R 4 being an C 1 -C 6 substituted or unsubstituted triazole.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pruritic condition is Serotonin-, Histamine-, Chloroquine-, Compound 48/80 induced itch and bile acid-induced itch.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is an α1, α2, α3 or α5 GABA A receptor modulator.

5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the compound is a positive allosteric α2 or α3 GABA A receptor modulator.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is a dog.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pruritic condition is Serotonin-, Histamine-, Chloroquine-, Compound48/80 induced itch and bile acid-induced itch.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pruritic condition is associated with atopic dermatitis, kidney disease, liver disease, or treatment with opioids.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is to be administered with a corticosteroid, a gabapentinoide, an opioid-receptor antagonist, capsaicin, or a local anaesthetic to the subject.

10. A method for treating an itch in a subject, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a compound

thereby treating the itch.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the itch is associated with kidney disease, liver disease, or treatment with opioids.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the compound is to be administered at a dose of from about 0.01 mg/kg per day to about 10 mg/kg per day when administered to a dog.

13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising

wherein the compound is in the form of a suspension in a saline solution, and wherein said pharmaceutical composition is formulated to provide a dose of at least 0.01 mg/kg of a subject's bodyweight when administered to the subject.

14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated to provide a dose of at least 0.03 mg/kg of a subject's bodyweight when administered to the subject.

15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 , wherein the suspension comprises polysorbate 80.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Sep 2, 2022
From: ZEILHOFER, HANNS ULRICH; RALVENIUS, WILLIAM
To: UNIVERSITAT ZURICH
Reel/Frame 060975/0299 →
Priority Claims (2)
EP 16153035 · Jan 27, 2016 · regional
EP 16178824 · Jul 11, 2016 · regional
Continuity (4)
Continuation 16994146 · Aug 14, 2020
Continuation 16045193 · Jul 25, 2018
Continuation PCTEP2017051866 · Jan 27, 2017
Related Publication 20250268912A1 · Aug 28, 2025
References Cited (106)
US 6572848B1 · Breton et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6617326B2 · Carling et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6630471B1 · Carling et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6696444B2 · Carling et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6936608B2 · Bettati et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7005431B2 · Bettati et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7119196B2 · Cook et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 8809541B2 · Gwak et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8835424B2 · Cook et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 9199965B2 · Kim et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 10245265B2 · Weng et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20050245517A1 · Skolnick et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20110082147A1 · Harbeson et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110195950A1 · Hintermann · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20130165652A1 · Gwak et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130331394A1 · Siekmeier · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20160199373A1 · Erickson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170258800A1 · Weng et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20190083493A1 · Erickson et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190134057A1 · Zeilhofer et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
EP 2960234 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
JP 2001514206 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
JP 2002514169 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2004170323 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO 0047582 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 02074773 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005030773 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2006061428 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008015271 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008064157 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009143211 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010063487 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010124108 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011011712 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012026765 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015072853 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015086503 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016154031 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017129801 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
Ralvenius William T et al: “The clobazam metabolite N-desmethyl clobazam is an [alpha]2 preferring benzodiazepine with an improved therapeutic window for antihyperalgesia”, Neuropharmacology, Pergamon Press, Oxford, GB,… [cited by applicant]
Paul, et al., Selective Distribution of GABAA Receptor Subtypes in Mouse Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons and primary afferents. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Research in Systems Neuroscience 2012; 520:3895-3911. [cited by applicant]
PCT/EP2017/051866 International Search Report and Written Opinion dated May 15, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Ralvenius, et al., Analgesia and unwanted benzodiazepine effects in point-mutated mice expressing only one benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAA receptor subtype. Nature Communication, Apr. 13, 2015;6:6803. [cited by applicant]
Ralvenius, et al., Itch suppression in mice and dogs by modulation of spinal a2 and a3GABAA receptors. Nature Communications, 2018; 9:3230, 1-15. [cited by applicant]
Ross, S.E., et al., Loss of inhibitory interneurons in the dorsal spinal cord and elevated itch in Bhlhb5 mutant mice. Neuron. Mar. 25, 2010;65(6):886-98. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.025. [cited by applicant]
Rudolph, U. & Mohler, H., GABAA receptor subtypes: Therapeutic potential in Down syndrome, affective disorders, schizophrenia, and autism. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014;54:483-507. [cited by applicant]
Russell, et al., Discovery of Imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazines as GABAA a2/3 Subtype Selective Agonists for the Treatment of Anxiety. J. Med. Chem., 2006, 49 (4), pp. 1235-1238 DOI: 10.1021/jm051200u. [cited by applicant]
Savic, MM., et al., Novel positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors: do subtle differences in activity at alpha1 plus alphas versus alpha2 plus alpha3 subunits account for dissimilarities in behavioral effects i… [cited by applicant]
Seidler, et al., A Cre-loxP-based mouse model for conditional somatic gene expression and knockdown in vivo by using avian retroviral vectors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jul. 22, 2008;105(29):10137-42. [cited by applicant]
Shindayet al, Reinforcing Effects Of Compounds Lacking Intrinsic Efficacy At a1 Subunit-Containing GABAA Receptor Subtypes in Midazolam- But Not Cocaine-Experienced Rhesus Monkeys, Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013, vol. 38… [cited by applicant]
Sun, Y.G., et al., Cellular basis of itch sensation. Science. Sep. 18, 2009; 325(5947): 1531-1534. [cited by applicant]
Thomsen, et al., Suppression of spontaneous scratching in hairless rats by sedatives but not by antipruritics. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. Jul.-Aug. 2002;15(4):218-24. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Non-Final Office Action for corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 16/045,193, dated Oct. 2, 2019. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Restriction Requirement for corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 16/045,193, dated May 2, 2019. [cited by applicant]
Van Laere et al., In Vivo Characterization and Dynamic Receptor Occupancy Imaging of TPA023B, ana2/a3/a5 Subtype Selective-Aminobutyric Acid—A Partial Agonist, Biol Psychiatry, 2008, vol. 64 (2), pp. 153-161. [cited by applicant]
Xu, et al., [An animal model for screening of antiallergic and antipruritic drugs].Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1996;31(6):420-4. [cited by applicant]
Zeilhofer, et al., GABAergic analgesia: new insights from mutant mice and subtype-selective agonists. Trends Pharmacol Sci. Aug. 2009;30(8):397-402. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.05.007. Epub Jul. 16, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Zeilhofer, et al., Restoring the spinal pain gate: GABAA receptors as targets for novel analgesics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switz. Advanes in Pharmacology (San Diego, CA) … [cited by applicant]
Canada Office Action for Application No. 3,012,791 mailed Dec. 28, 2022 (4 pages). [cited by applicant]
Office Action for Brazil App. No. BR112018015386-9 dated Jan. 10, 2022 (6 pages). [cited by applicant]
Office Action for Russian App. No. 2018128905 dated Dec. 2, 2021 (22 pages with translation). [cited by applicant]
Office Action for Russian App. No. 2018128905 dated May 5, 2021 (28 pages with translation). [cited by applicant]
Thomsen, J. S. et al.: Suppression of Spontaneous Scratching in Hairless Rats by Sedatives but Not by Antipruritics, kin Pharmacology and Physiology, 15 (4), 2002, pp. 218-224 (doi: 10.1159000065968) (abstract, p. 222, … [cited by applicant]
Uh Xu et al.: “An animal model for screening of antiallergic and antipruritic drugs”, Jan. 1, 1996, retrieved from the internet https://www_ncbi.nlm.nih.qov/pubmed/9275721 (abstract). [cited by applicant]
Da Settimo, F., et al. “GABAA/Bz Receptor Subtypes as Targets for Selective Drugs” Current Medicinal Chemistry, 14 (25), 2007, pp. 2680-2701, doi: 10.2174 / 092986707782023190 (entire document, especially Fig. 7, 9, 10,… [cited by applicant]
Russell, M. G. N., et al.: “Discovery of Imidazo[1, 2-b] [1, 2,4]triazines as GABM a2/3 Subtype Selective Agonists for the Treatment of Anxiety”, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 49 (4), 2006, p. 1235-1238, doi: 10.1021/… [cited by applicant]
Patent Examination Report for New Zealand App. No. 744651 dated Mar. 11, 2022 (5 pages). [cited by applicant]
Office Action for Thailand App. No. 1801004509 (4 pages with translation). [cited by applicant]
Mexico Office Action for App. No. MX/a/2018/009252 dated Jun. 8, 2021(8 pages). [cited by applicant]
Japanese Office Action for App. No. 2018-539149 dated Nov. 30, 2021 (11 pages). [cited by applicant]
Chen Long, Journal of Pain, Nov. 11, 2015, vol. 17, NR:2, pp. 181-189. [cited by applicant]
De Lucas A Garcia, Biochemical Pharmacology, Dec. 25, 2014, vol. 93, NR:3, pp. 370-379. [cited by applicant]
Kohut SJ, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2008, vol. 90, NR:1, pp. 65-73. [cited by applicant]
Chile Office Action for App. No. 2018-02023 dated Sep. 1, 2022 (3 pages). [cited by applicant]
Akimoto, et al., SCH23390, a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, suppressed scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. Nov. 16, 2011;670(1):162-7. [cited by applicant]
Amrutkar, D., et al., SAN711, a novel GABAA a3 Receptor subtype preferring positive allosteric modulator for the treatment of neuropathic pain and pruritus. Presentation poster. Saniona, IASP (2018), Boston, USA. [cited by applicant]
Atack et al., GABAA Receptor Subtype-Selective Efficacy: TPA023, an a2/a3 Selective Non-sedating Anxiolytic and aSIA, an as Selective Cognition Enhancer, CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 2008, vol. 14, pp. 25-35. [cited by applicant]
Atack et al., Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of TPA023B, a GABAA receptor a2/a3 subtype-selective partial agonist, Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2011, vol. 25(3), pp. 329-344. [cited by applicant]
Besson, et al., GABAergic modulation in central sensitization in humans: a randomized placebo-controlled pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study comparing clobazam with clonazepam in healthy volunteers. Pain. Mar. 2015;15… [cited by applicant]
Beyer, et al., Blockage of substance P-induced scratching behavior in rats by the intrathecal administration of inhibitory amino acid agonists. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. Nov. 1989;34(3):491-5. [cited by applicant]
Carter, et al., Characterization of the anticonvulsant properties of ganaxolone (CCD 1042; 3alpha-hydroxy-3beta-methyl-Salpha-pregnan-20-one), a selective, high-affinity, steroid modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid… [cited by applicant]
De Lucas, et al., GABAA as subunit-containing receptors do not contribute to reversal of inflammatory-induced spinal sensitization as indicated by the unique selectivity profile of the GABAA receptor allosteric modulato… [cited by applicant]
Dias, et al., Evidence for a Significant Role of a3-Containing GABAA Receptors in Mediating the Anxiolytic Effects of Benzodiazepines. Journal of Neuroscience Nov. 16, 2005, 25 (46) 10682-10688; DOI: https://doi.org/10.… [cited by applicant]
Dias et al., Evidence for a Significant Role of a3-Containing GABAA Receptors in Mediating the Anxiolytic Effects of Benzodiazepines, The Journal of Neuroscience, 2005, vol. 25 (46), pp. 10682-10688. [cited by applicant]
Dugue, et al., Electrical coupling mediates tunable low-frequency oscillations and resonance in the cerebellar Golgi cell network. Neuron, Jan. 15, 2009; 61(1):126-39. [cited by applicant]
Fischer et al., Contribution of GABAA Receptors Containing a3Subunits to the Therapeutic-Related and Side Effects of Benzodiazepine-Type Drugs in Monkeys, Psycho pharmacology (Berl)., 2011, vol. 215 (2), pp. 311-319. [cited by applicant]
Foster, et al., Targeted Ablation, Silencing, and Activation Established Glycinergic Dorsal Hom Neurons as Key components of Spinal Gate for Pain and Itch. Neuron (2015), 85(6), 1289-1304. [cited by applicant]
Froestl et al., GABA receptors, Biotrend Reviews, Review No. Jul. 1, 2011. [cited by applicant]
Gauthier et al., Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Arylation of Imidazo [1,3- b][1,2,4]triazine: Synthesis of an alpha 2/3-selective GABA Agonist in Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2005, vol. 70, pp. 5938-5945. [cited by applicant]
Han, et al., A subpopulation of nociceptors specifically linked to itch. Nat Neurosci. Feb. 2013;16(2):174-82. doi: 10.1038/nn.3289. Epub Dec. 23, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Herde, et al., GABBA receptor subtypes in the mouse brain: Regional mapping an diazepam receptor occupancy by in vivo [18F] flumazenil PET; Inst. Pharm Sci, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), ETH … [cited by applicant]
Jensen, et al., Clobazam and Its Active Metabolite N-desmethylclobazam Display Significantly Greater Affinities for a2- versus a1-GABAA-Receptor Complexes. PLOS ONE, Feb. 12, 2014; 9(2):e88456. [cited by applicant]
Kido-Nakahara, et al., Neural peptidase endothelin-converting enzyme 1 regulates endothelin 1-induced pruritus. The journal of clinical investigation, Jun. 2014; 124(6): 2683-2695. [cited by applicant]
Knabl, et al., Genuine antihyperalgesia by systemic diazepam revealed by experiments in GABAA receptor point-mutated mice. Pain. Feb. 2009;141(3):233-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.10.015. Epub Dec. 16, 2008. [cited by applicant]
Kohut, et al., Novel discriminative stimulus effects of TPA023B, subtype-selective gamma-aminobutyric-acid(A)/benzodiazepine modulator: comparisons with zolpidem, lorazepam, and TPA023. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. Jul. 200… [cited by applicant]
Abrakakis, et al., Inhibitory coupling between inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Mol Pain. May 12, 2009; 5: 24. [cited by applicant]
Li, et al., Improved Synthesis of Anxiolytic, Anticonvulsant, and Antinociceptive a2/a3-GABA(A)-ergic Receptor Subtype Selective Ligands as Promising Agents to Treat Anxiety, Epilepsy, and Neuropathic Pain. Synthesis 20… [cited by applicant]
Long, et al., GABA(A) Receptors in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala are involved in pain- and itch-related responses. J Pain. Feb. 2016;17(2):181-9. [cited by applicant]
McKernan, et al., Which GABAA-receptor subtypes really occur in the brain? Trends Neurosci. Apr. 1996;19(4):139-43. [cited by applicant]
Morales et al., Anxiolytic effects of the GABAA receptor partial agonist, L-838,417: Impact of age, test context familiarity, and stress, Pharmacol Biochem Behav., 2013, vol. 139, pp. 31-37. [cited by applicant]
Munro, et al., Comparison of the novel subtype-selective GABAA receptor-positive allosteric modulator NS11394 [3′-[5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-biphenyl-2-carbonitrile] with diazepam, zolpidem, breta… [cited by applicant]
Munro, et al., GABA(A) receptor modulation: potential to deliver novel pain medicinces? European Journal of Pharmacology, Mar. 13, 2013; 716(1-3):17-23. [cited by applicant]
Nickolls, et al., Pharmacology in translation: the preclinical and early clinical profile of the novel a2/3 functionally selective GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator PF-06372865. British journal of pharmacolog… [cited by applicant]
Nigam, et al., 302 Archives of Dermatological Research, 507-515 (2010). [cited by applicant]
Nigam, et al., GABA and GABA(A) receptor expression on immune cells in psoriasis: a pathophysiological role. Arch Dermatol Res. Sep. 2010;302(7):507-15. [cited by applicant]
New Zealand Office Action fo r Application No. 744651 mailed January 24, 2023 (4 pages). [cited by applicant]