Electroplating of high damping material for trailing shield in a perpendicular magnetic recording writer
The present embodiments relate to a PMR write head with a trailing shield that comprises a FeCoNiM composition. The FeCoNiM composition can be formed via an electroplating process by adding Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ and a transition metal salt to an aqueous solution comprised of other additives in an electroplating cell that has an Ni or Co as the anode. The plated HD magnetic material as the trailing shield in a PMR writer can minimize a wide area track erasure (WATE). Further, a high moment high damping shield can lower bit error rate (BER) and increase aerial density capability (ADC) of the write head.
1. A method comprising:
disposing a side shield around a main pole for a write head; and
forming a trailing shield that comprises an iron (Fe)-cobalt (Co)-nickel (Ni)-metal (M) (FeCoNiM) composition that is adjacent to the main pole by:
adding Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ and a transition metal salt to an aqueous solution; and
applying a pulse to the aqueous solution according to a pulse waveform.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse waveform comprises a forward plating peak current density (I fp ) from 10 to 50 mA/cm 2 , a forward plating peak time between 3 to 100 ms, a reverse plating peak current density (I rp ) from 0 to 15 mA/cm 2 , and/or a reverse plating peak time between 0 to 100 ms to form the FeCoNiM composition.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trailing shield composition is comprised of the following formula:
Fe w Co x Ni y M z ,
wherein: Fe is iron, Co is cobalt, Ni is nickel and M is metal;
w, x, y and z are the concentrations of Fe, Co, Ni and M, respectively, in atomic percent (%);
M is comprised of a 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metal;
w is between 15 to 70, x is equal to or less than 10, y is between 20 to 70 and z is between 2 to 10, and w+x+y+z=100.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trailing shield is disposed on the main pole via electroplating the trailing shield using a mask.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein electroplating the trailing shield using the mask includes adding a ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ), cobalt 2+ (Co 2+ ), nickel 2+ (Ni 2+ ) and the transition metal salt to the aqueous solution comprised of one or more additives in an electroplating cell that has an Ni or Co as an anode.
6. A method for disposing a trailing shield on a main pole of a write head, the method comprising:
adding a ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ), cobalt 2+ (Co 2+ ), nickel 2+ (Ni 2+ ) and a transition metal salt (M) to an aqueous solution to form an FeCoNIM composition; and
disposing the trailing shield including the FeCoNiM composition over the main pole of the PMR write head by applying a pulse to the aqueous solution according to a pulse waveform.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the aqueous solution is comprised of one or more additives in an electroplating cell that has an Ni or Co as an anode, and plating to form an iron (Fe) cobalt (Ce) nickel (Ni) metal (M) the FeCoNiM composition.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the pulse waveform comprises a forward plating peak current density (I fp ) from 10 to 50 mA/cm 2 , a forward plating peak time between 3 to 100 ms, a reverse plating peak current density (I rp ) from 0 to 15 mA/cm 2 , and/or a reverse plating peak time between 0 to 100 ms to form the FeCoNiM composition.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises chemical constituents comprising any of: FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O with a concentration of between 5-30 grams/liter, NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O with a concentration of between 10-50 grams/liter, NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O with a concentration of between 10-50 grams/liter, CoSO 4 ·7H 2 O with a concentration of equal to or less than 20 grams/liter, H 3 BO 3 with a concentration of between 20-30 grams/liter, Saccharin Na with a concentration of equal to or less than 2 grams/liter, Sodium lauryl sulfate with a concentration of between 0.01-0.2 grams/liter, and Ammonium Perrhenate with a concentration of between 0.04-1.5 grams/liter.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the trailing shield composition is comprised of the following formula:
Fe w Co x Ni y M z ,
wherein:
w, x, y and z are the concentrations of Fe, Co, Ni and M, respectively, in atomic percent (%);
M is comprised of a 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metal;
w is between 15 to 70, x equal to or less than 10, y is between 20 to 70 and z is between 2 to 10, and w+x+y+z=100.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein a temperature of the aqueous solution is between 10-30 degrees Celsius, and a pH level is between 2-4.
12. A method of forming a trailing shield used in a write head, the method comprising:
adding Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ and a transition metal salt to an aqueous solution; and
applying a pulse to the aqueous solution according to a pulse waveform to form the trailing shield, wherein a composition of the trailing shield comprises Fe w Co x Ni y M z ,
wherein: Fe is iron, Co is cobalt, Ni is nickel and M is metal;
w, x, y and z are the concentrations of Fe, Co, Ni and M, respectively, in the composition and are in atomic percent (%);
M is comprised of a 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metal;
w is between 15 to 70, x is equal to or less than 10, y is between 20 to 70 and z is between 2 to 10, and w+x+y+z=100.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the pulse waveform comprises a forward plating peak current density (I fp ) from 10 to 50 mA/cm 2 , a forward plating peak time between 3 to 100 ms, a reverse plating peak current density (I rp ) from 0 to 15 mA/cm 2 , and/or a reverse plating peak time between 0 to 100 ms to form the FeCoNiM composition.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the trailing shield is disposed on a main pole via electroplating the trailing shield using a mask.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein electroplating the trailing shield using the mask includes adding a ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ), cobalt 2+ (Co 2+ ), nickel 2+ (Ni 2+ ) and the transition metal salt to the aqueous solution comprised of one or more additives in an electroplating cell that has an Ni or Co as an anode.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous solution is comprised of one or more additives in an electroplating cell that has an Ni or Co as an anode, and plating to form the FeCoNiM composition.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises chemical constituents comprising any of: FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O with a concentration of between 5-30 grams/liter, NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O with a concentration of between 10-50 grams/liter, NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O with a concentration of between 10-50 grams/liter, CoSO 4 ·7H 2 O with a concentration of equal to or less than 20 grams/liter, H 3 BO 3 with a concentration of between 20-30 grams/liter, Saccharin Na with a concentration of equal to or less than 2 grams/liter, Sodium lauryl sulfate with a concentration of between 0.01-0.2 grams/liter, and Ammonium Perrhenate with a concentration of between 0.04-1.5 grams/liter.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein a temperature of the aqueous solution is between 10-30 degrees Celsius, and a pH level is between 2-4.