IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,438,148
Granted Patent B2
US 12,438,148 · App. 18/607,552 · Granted Oct 7, 2025

Nanostructured battery active materials and methods of producing same

Inventors: Wanqing Cao (Fremont, CA); Virginia Robbins (Los Gatos, CA); Yimin Zhu (Union City, CA)
Assignee: OneD Material, Inc.
H01M4/366B01J21/18B01J23/72B01J37/0211C01B33/02C01B33/021C01B33/029C30B11/12C30B25/005C30B29/06C30B29/60H01M4/0428H01M4/0495H01M4/134H01M4/36H01M4/386H01M4/622C01P2004/16C01P2004/64
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,438,148
App. No.
18/607,552
Granted
Oct 7, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Methods for producing nanostructures from copper-based catalysts on porous substrates, particularly silicon nanowires on carbon-based substrates for use as battery active materials, are provided. Related compositions are also described. In addition, novel methods for production of copper-based catalyst particles are provided. Methods for producing nanostructures from catalyst particles that comprise a gold shell and a core that does not include gold are also provided.

Claims (38)

1. A composition comprising a porous substrate and a population of silicon nanowires attached thereto, wherein the porous substrate comprises a population of graphite particles, wherein the population of graphite particles is porous, and wherein one end of each of the nanowires is attached to the porous substrate, the other end of each of the nanowires comprising copper, a copper compound, and/or a copper alloy.

2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein silicon accounts for between 1 and 50% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein silicon accounts for between 2 and 25% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein silicon accounts for between 6 and 20% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the copper, a copper compound, and/or a copper alloy is elemental copper, copper oxide or copper silicide.

6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanowires have an average diameter of between 10 nm and 100 nm.

7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the substrate particles have an average particle size of 0.5 μm to 50 μm.

8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a polymer binder.

9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the polymer binder is selected from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

10. A battery slurry comprising the composition of claim 1 .

11. The battery slurry of claim 10 , wherein silicon accounts for between 1 and 50% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

12. The battery slurry of claim 10 , wherein silicon accounts for between 2 and 25% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

13. The battery slurry of claim 10 , wherein silicon accounts for between 6 and 20% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

14. The battery slurry of claim 10 , wherein the copper, a copper compound, and/or a copper alloy is elemental copper, copper oxide or copper silicide.

15. The battery slurry of claim 10 , wherein the nanowires have an average diameter of between 10 nm and 100 nm.

16. The battery slurry of claim 10 , wherein the substrate particles have an average particle size of 0.5 μm to 50 μm.

17. The battery slurry of claim 10 , further comprising a polymer binder.

18. The battery slurry of claim 17 , wherein the polymer binder is selected from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

19. A battery anode comprising the composition of claim 1 .

20. The battery anode of claim 19 , wherein silicon accounts for between 1 and 50% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

21. The battery anode of claim 19 , wherein silicon accounts for between 2 and 25% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

22. The battery anode of claim 19 , wherein silicon accounts for between 6 and 20% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

23. The battery anode of claim 19 , wherein the copper, a copper compound, and/or a copper alloy is elemental copper, copper oxide or copper silicide.

24. The battery anode of claim 19 , wherein the nanowires have an average diameter of between 10 nm and 100 nm.

25. The battery anode of claim 19 , wherein the substrate particles have an average particle size of 0.5 μm to 50 μm.

26. The battery anode of claim 19 , further comprising a polymer binder.

27. The battery anode of claim 26 , wherein the polymer binder is selected from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

28. A battery comprising the composition of claim 1 .

29. The battery of claim 28 , wherein silicon accounts for between 1 and 50% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

30. The battery of claim 28 , wherein silicon accounts for between 2 and 25% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

31. The battery of claim 28 , wherein silicon accounts for between 6 and 20% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

32. The battery of claim 28 , wherein the copper, a copper compound, and/or a copper alloy is elemental copper, copper oxide or copper silicide.

33. The battery of claim 28 , wherein the nanowires have an average diameter of between 10 nm and 100 nm.

34. The battery of claim 28 , wherein the substrate particles have an average particle size of 0.5 μm to 50 μm.

35. The battery of claim 28 , further comprising a polymer binder.

36. The battery of claim 35 , wherein the polymer binder is selected from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

37. The composition of claim 1 wherein the graphite particles comprise a capillary network through their structure.

38. A composition comprising a porous substrate and a population of silicon nanowires attached thereto, wherein the porous substrate comprises a population of graphite particles, and wherein one end of each of the nanowires is attached to the porous substrate, the other end of each of the nanowires comprising copper, a copper compound, and/or a copper alloy, wherein silicon accounts for between 1 and 50% of the total weight of the nanowires and the graphite particles.

Assignments (2)
CHANGE OF NAME Recorded May 7, 2024
From: ONED MATERIAL LLC
To: ONED MATERIAL, INC.
Reel/Frame 067342/0043 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Mar 17, 2024
From: CAO, WANQING; ROBBINS, VIRGINIA; ZHU, YIMIN
To: ONED MATERIAL LLC
Reel/Frame 066803/0728 →
Continuity (5)
Continuation 18111549 · Feb 18, 2023
Continuation 16355454 · Mar 15, 2019
Continuation 14234565
Provisional Application 61511826 · Jul 26, 2011
Related Publication 20240290958A1 · Aug 29, 2024
References Cited (175)
US 4136216A · Feldstein · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4171225A · Molenaar et al. · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4400436A · Breininger et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 5677082A · Greinke et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5897945A · Lieber et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5997832A · Lieber et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6036774A · Lieber et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6225198B1 · Alivisatos et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6303266B1 · Okino et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6306736B1 · Alivisatos et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6479030B1 · Firsich · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6962823B2 · Empedocles et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7067867B2 · Duan et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7105428B2 · Pan et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7211464B2 · Lieber et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7301199B2 · Lieber et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7569941B2 · Majumdar et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7776760B2 · Taylor · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7825036B2 · Yao et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7842432B2 · Niu et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7951422B2 · Pan et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8623288B1 · Dubrow et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 10243207B2 · Cao et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 11616225B2 · Cao et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11967707B2 · Cao et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20040026684A1 · Empedocles · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20060188774A1 · Niu et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070051927A1 · Itoh et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070166899A1 · Yao · 2007 [cited by examiner]
US 20080011125A1 · Shirata et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080038520A1 · Pan et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080135089A1 · Tsakalakos et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080312070A1 · Talbot et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090143227A1 · Dubrow et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100273316A1 · Renard et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100285358A1 · Cui · 2010 [cited by examiner]
US 20100297502A1 · Zhu · 2010 [cited by examiner]
US 20100323884A1 · Roldan Cuenya et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110008707A1 · Muraoka et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110039690A1 · Niu · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110067228A1 · Green · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110111300A1 · DelHagen et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110200873A1 · Hu et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110309306A1 · Zhou · 2011 [cited by examiner]
US 20120003397A1 · Reniers et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20140248543A1 · Zhu · 2014 [cited by examiner]
US 20150086871A1 · Cao et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20190214641A1 · Cao et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20230411602A1 · Cao et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20240282933A1 · Cao et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
CN 1424149A · 2003 [cited by applicant]
CN 1490439A · 2004 [cited by applicant]
CN 101000867A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
CN 101790805A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CN 101791538A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CN 102460782A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 102530931A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 103035915A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 103764544A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 108452790A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN ZL2018101476691 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
EP 2378597A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
EP 2736837A2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
EP 2736837B1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
EP 3978426A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
EP 4360756A2 · 2024 [cited by applicant]
EP 4364849A2 · 2024 [cited by applicant]
EP 4364849A3 · 2024 [cited by applicant]
JP 2007186416A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
JP 2008523565A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010260170A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2014532023A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
JP 6142362 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 2017137239A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 6345834 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
KR 100778011B1 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
KR 20080044181A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
KR 101073853B1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
KR 1020140068033A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
KR 101895386 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
KR 102051770 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006062947A2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006138671A2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2007061945A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010129910A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011060024A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013016339A2 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
Chinese Board Decision directed to related Chinese Application No. 2012-80041299.4, mailed Nov. 13, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Chinese Certificate of Patent in Application No. 2018-10147669.1 (Patent No. ZL201810147669.1) dated May 3, 2022. [cited by applicant]
Chinese Notice of Reexamination in Chinese Application No. 2012-80041299.4, dated Mar. 29, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Chinese Office Action (with English language translation) directed to related Chinese Application No. 2012-80041299.4, mailed Feb. 27, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Chinese Office Action in Chinese Application No. 2012-80041299.4, dated Aug. 1, 2016. [cited by applicant]
Chinese Office Action in Chinese Application No. 2012-80041299.4, dated Nov. 27, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Chinese Office Action in Chinese Application No. 2018-10147669.1, dated Feb. 24, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Chinese Search Report in Chinese Application No. 2018-10147669.1, mailed Feb. 19, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Chinese Third Office Action in Chinese Application No. 2018-10147669.1, mailed Sep. 10, 2021. [cited by applicant]
EP Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) in EP application No. 12817748.2 dated Feb. 4, 2021. [cited by applicant]
EP Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) in EP application No. 12817748.2 dated May 18, 2020. [cited by applicant]
EP Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) in EP application No. 12817748.2 dated May 22, 2019. [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report in EP application No. 21199255.7 dated Feb. 10, 2022. [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability in PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/047979, dated Jan. 28, 2014. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report directed to related international application No. PCT/US2012/047979, mailed Feb. 28, 2013. [cited by applicant]
Japanese Chinese Office Action in Chinese Application No. 2018-10147669.1, dated May 28, 2020. [cited by applicant]
Japanese Notice of Allowance in Japanese Application No. 2014-522942, dated Mar. 14, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Japanese Notice of Allowance in Japanese Application No. 2017-078418, dated May 15, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Japanese Office Action in Japanese Application No. 2014-522942, dated Aug. 9, 2016. [cited by applicant]
Korean Decision to Grant in Korean Application No. 10-2014-7004916, dated May 29, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Korean Office Action in Korean Application No. 10-2014-7004916, dated Nov. 1, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Korean Office Action in Korean Application No. 10-2018-7025051, dated Nov. 20, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/234,565, mailed Dec. 10, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/234,565, mailed Nov. 15, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 16/355,454, mailed Feb. 1, 2023. [cited by applicant]
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/234,565, mailed Jan. 17, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 16/355,454, mailed Mar. 30, 2022. [cited by applicant]
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 18/111,549, mailed Nov. 28, 2023 (12 pp.). [cited by applicant]
Written Opinion of the International Search Authority directed to related international application No. PCT/US2012/047979, mailed Feb. 28, 2013. [cited by applicant]
Arbiol et al, “Influence of Cu as a catalyst on the properties of silicon nanowires synthesized by the vapour-solid-solid-mechanism”, Nanotechnology 18 (2007) pp. 1-8, IOP Publishing Ltd., Printed in the UK. [cited by applicant]
Bindra et al. “Fundamental Aspects of Electroless Copper Plating”, Electroless Plating Fundamentals and Applications (1990) pp. 289-329, American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society. [cited by applicant]
Bjork et al., “One-dimensional Steeplechase for Electrons Realized”, Nano Letters, 2002, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 87-89, American Chemical Society. [cited by applicant]
Cao, Y. et al. “Growth and properties of semiconductor core/shell nanocrystals with InAs cores”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2000) 122, pp. 9692-9702. [cited by applicant]
Capaccio “Wastewater Treatment for Electroless Plating”, (1990) pp. 519-528, American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society. [cited by applicant]
Chan et al. “Solution-Grown Silicon Nanowires for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes”, ACS Nano (2010) 4(3):1443-1450, American Chemical Society. [cited by applicant]
Chan, C. K., et al., “High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires”, nature nanotechnology, vol. 3, Jan. 2008, pp. 31-35; 2008 Nature Publishing Group, Published online: Dec. 16, 2007. [cited by applicant]
Chen et al. “Hybrid Silicon-Carbon Nanostructured Composites as Superior Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries”, Nano Research (2011) 4(3):290-296, Tsinghua University Press. [cited by applicant]
Chen, H. et al. “Electroless Plating Copper on Carbon Nanotubes by One-Step Activation”, Nanosci & Nanotech (2009) 6(4):42-50 (w/English language Abstract). [cited by applicant]
Chen, H. et al. “Silicon Nanowires With and Without Carbon Coating as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries,” J Solid State Electrochem (Jan. 28, 2010) 14:1829-1834. [cited by applicant]
Cui, Le-Feng, et al. “Carbon-silicon core-shell nanowires as high capacity electrode for lithium ion batteries”, Nano Lett (2009) 9(9):3370-3374. [cited by applicant]
Cui, Li-Feng, et al. “Crystalline-Amorphous Core-Shell Silicon Nanowires for high Capacity and High Current Battery Electrodes”, Nano Lett (2009) 9(1):491-495. [cited by applicant]
Cui, Y. et al. “Diameter-controlled synthesis of single-crystal silicon nanowires”, Appl. Phys. Lett (2001) 78(15):2214-2216. [cited by applicant]
Cui, Y. et al. “Doping and electrical transport in silicon nanowires”, J. Phys. Chem. B (2000) 104:5213-5216. [cited by applicant]
Dabbousi, B.O. et al., “(CdSe)ZnS core-shell quantum dots: Synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescent nanocrystallites”, J. Phys. Chem. B (1997) 101:9463-9475. [cited by applicant]
Duan, X. et al. “General synthesis of compound semiconductor nanowires”, Adv. Mater. (2000) 12:298-302. [cited by applicant]
Gudiksen, M.S. et al., “Diameter-selective synthesis of semiconductor nanowires”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2000) 122:8801-8802. [cited by applicant]
Gudiksen, M.S. et al., “Growth of nanowire superlattice structures of nanoscale photonics and electronics”, Nature (2002) 415-617-620. [cited by applicant]
Gudiksen, M.S. et al., “Synthetic control of the diameter and length of single crystal semiconductor nanowires”, J. Phys. Chem. B (2001) 105: pp. 4062-4064. [cited by applicant]
Holzapfel, M., et al., “A new type of nano-sized silicon/carbon composite electrode for reversible lithium insertion”, Chem. Commun., Jan. 26, 2005; pp. 1566-1568; The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005. [cited by applicant]
Huang, R. et al. “Carbon-coated Silicon Nanowire Array Films for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes”, Appl Phys Lett (Oct. 1, 2009) 95, pp. 33119-1 to 133119-3. [cited by applicant]
Hung et al. “Room-temperature formation of hallow Cu20 nanoparticles”, Adv. Mat (2010) 22:1910-1914. [cited by applicant]
Kolasinski, K. W., “Catalytic growth of nanowires: Vapor-liquid-solid, vapor-solid-solid, solution-liquid-solid and solid-liquid-solid-growth”, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, vol. 10, Issues 3-4, … [cited by applicant]
Kooti et al. “Fabrication of Nanosized Cuprous Oxide Using Fehling's Solution”, Scientia Iranica Transaction F: Nanotech (2010) 17(1): pp. 73-78. [cited by applicant]
Kuo et al. “Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Monodispersed Cu20 Nanocubes with Five Different Size Ranges from 40 to 420 nm”, Adv Func Mat (2007) 17: pp. 3773-3780. [cited by applicant]
Li et al. “Complex chemistry & the Electroless Copper Plating Process”, Plating & Surface Finishing (2004):40-46, American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society. [cited by applicant]
Li, H., et al., “The crystal structural evolution of nano-Si anode caused by lithium insertion and extraction at room temperature”, Solid State Ionics, vol. 135, Issues 1-4, Nov. 2000, pp. 181-191; NH Elsevier. [cited by applicant]
Liu et al. “Modification of synthetic graphite for secondary lithium-ion battery applications”, J Power Sources (1999) 81-82:187-191. [cited by applicant]
Liu, Y., et al., “Novel negative electrode materials with high capacity density for further rechargeable lithium ion batteries”, Res. Rep. Fac. Eng. Mie Univ., vol. 29, Oct. 20, 2004; pp. 65-72. [cited by applicant]
Lu et al. “Electrochemical and thermal behavior of copper coated type MAG-20 natural graphite”, Electrochemica Acta (2002) 47(10):1601-1606, International Society of Electrochemistry. [cited by applicant]
Manna, L. et al. “Epitaxial growth and photochemical annealing of graded CdS/ZnS shells on colloidal CdSe nanorods”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2002) 124:7136-7145. [cited by applicant]
Mei L.P. et al., “A Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Porous Cu20 Nanospheres on Reduced Graphene Oxide Support for Simultaneous Sensing of Uric Acid an Dopamine with High Selectivity Over Ascorbic Acid”, Microchim … [cited by applicant]
Morales, A.M. et al., “A laser ablation method for the synthesis of crystalline semiconductor nanowires”, Science (1998) 279:208-211. [cited by applicant]
Peng, X. et al. “Epitaxial growth of highly luminescent CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with photostability and electronic accessibility”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1997) 119:7019-7029. [cited by applicant]
Peng, X. et al. “Shape control of CdSe nanocrystals”, Nature (2000) 404:59-61. [cited by applicant]
Puntes, V.F. et al., “Colloidal nanocrystal shape and size control: The case of cobalt”, Science (2001) 291:2115-2117. [cited by applicant]
Qian et al. “Synthesis of Germanium/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Core-Sheath Structures via Chemical Vapor Deposition”, Nanowires Sci & Tech (2010) pp. 113-130, Intech. [cited by applicant]
Renard et al. “Catalyst preparation for CMOS-compatible silicon nanowire synthesis”, Nature Nanotech (2009) 4:654-657. [cited by applicant]
Siperko “Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of Pd—Sn catalyzed electroless Cu deposited on pyrolytic graphite”, J Vacuum Sci & Tech A (1991) 9(3):1457-1460. [cited by applicant]
Szczech J.R. et al., “Nanostructured Silicon for High Capacity Lithium Battery Anodes”, Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, pp. 56-72. [cited by applicant]
Szczech J.R. et al., “Nanostructured Silicon for High Capacity Lithium Battery Anodes”, Table ESI 1-7; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706; 2011, 2… [cited by applicant]
Urban, J.J. et al. “Synthesis of single-crystalline perovskite nanowires composed of barium titanate and strontium titanate”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2002) 124(7):1186-1187. [cited by applicant]
Wu et al., “Block-by-Block Growth of Single-Crystalline Si/SiGe Superlative Nanowires”, Nano Letters, 2002, No. 2, vol. 2, pp. 83-86. [cited by applicant]
Xiong, Yujie, et al., “From Complex Chains to 1D Metal Oxides: A Novel Strategy to Cu20 Nanowires”, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 107, No. 16, 2003, pp. 3697-3702. [cited by applicant]
Xu et al. “Preparation of copper nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes by electroless plating method”, Mat Res Bulletin (2004) 39:1449-1505. [cited by applicant]
Yang, J., et al., “Si/C Composites for High Capacity Lithium Storage Materials”, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, vol. 6, Issue 8, Aug. 1, 2003; pp. A154-A156. [cited by applicant]
Yin et al. “Copper Oxide Nanocrystals”, J Am Chem Soc (2005) vol. 127, pp. 9506-9511. [cited by applicant]
Yu “A novel processing technology of electroless copper plating on graphite powder”, Mat Protection (2007) 40(9): pp. 25-27. [cited by applicant]
Yu et al. “Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed Copper Colloids in Polar Solvents”, Nanoscale Res Lett (2009) 4: pp. 465-470. [cited by applicant]
Yun et al., “Ferroelectric Properties of Individual Barium Titanate Nanowires Investigated by Scanned Probe Microscopy”, Nano Letters, 2002, vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 447-450. [cited by applicant]
Zuo, P., et al., “Electrochemical stability of silicon/carbon composite anode for lithium ion batteries”, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 52, Issue 15, Apr. 20, 2007; pp. 4878-4883. [cited by applicant]
Notification of Reexamination issued by SIPO on Mar. 29, 2017 (Year: 2017). [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 18/111,549, mailed Jan. 26, 2024, 8 pp. [cited by applicant]
Corrected Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 18/111,549, mailed Feb. 20, 2024, 5 pp. [cited by applicant]
Corrected Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 18/111,549, mailed Feb. 26, 2024, 5 pp. [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report in EP Application No. 24163989.7 dated Jun. 5, 2024. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 18/607,531, mailed Apr. 9, 2025 (13 pp.). [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report in EP application No. 24163995.4 dated Aug. 29, 2024. [cited by applicant]
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 18/607,531, mailed Sep. 26, 2024 (14 pgs.). [cited by applicant]