Welding wires with high impact toughness
A welding wire is disclosed including a ferrous metal welding material and a flux material including flux ingredients. The flux ingredients include, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire: no greater than 1.91 aluminum, no greater than 1.02 manganese, less than 1.50 magnesium, and no greater than 0.02 rare earth metal oxide, where the rare earth metal oxide comprises at least 99 wt % cerium oxide based upon total weight of rare earth metal oxide. Resulting welds have a maximum diffusible hydrogen content of 5 mL/100 g or less. Resulting welds also have a Charpy V-notch toughness at −40° F. of at least 100 ft-lbs (135.6 Joules).
1. A welding wire comprising a ferrous metal welding material and a flux material including flux ingredients, the flux ingredients comprising, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire:
1.70-1.91 aluminum;
no greater than 1.02 manganese;
less than 1.50 magnesium, wherein magnesium is present in the flux material; and
no greater than 0.02 rare earth metal oxide, wherein rare earth metal oxide is present in the flux material;
wherein the rare earth metal oxide comprises at least 99 wt % cerium oxide based upon total weight of rare earth metal oxide.
2. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the welding wire comprises a flux cored welding wire, the metal welding material comprises a metal sheath, and the flux material comprises a flux core within the metal sheath.
3. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the flux ingredients further comprise, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire, less than 1.0 nickel.
4. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the flux ingredients further comprise, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire:
0.88-1.02 manganese; and
1.27-1.48 magnesium.
5. The welding wire of claim 4 , wherein the flux ingredients further comprise, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire:
0.74-0.90 nickel.
6. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the flux ingredients further comprise, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire:
2.38-2.95 of one or more sintered oxides.
7. The welding wire of claim 6 , wherein the one or more sintered oxides comprise one or more of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), calcium oxide (CaO), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and ferrous oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ).
8. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the flux ingredients further comprise one or more sintered fluorides.
9. The welding wire of claim 8 , wherein the one or more sintered fluorides comprises a first sintered fluoride comprising barium fluoride, and the first sintered fluoride is provided in the flux ingredients, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire, in an amount of 9.65-10.58.
10. The welding wire of claim 9 , wherein the one or more sintered fluorides comprises a second sintered fluoride comprising lithium fluoride, and the second sintered fluoride is provided in the flux ingredients, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire, in an amount of 0.68-1.02.
11. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the flux ingredients further comprise, in weight percent, based on the total weight of the welding wire:
0.816 nickel;
1.378 magnesium;
1.803 aluminum;
0.947 manganese; and
0.009 rare earth metal oxide.
12. A flux composition for a welding wire, the flux composition comprising, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire:
1.70-1.91 aluminum;
no greater than 1.02 manganese;
less than 1.50 magnesium, wherein magnesium is present in the flux material; and
no greater than 0.02 rare earth metal oxide, wherein rare earth metal oxide is present in the flux material;
wherein the rare earth metal oxide comprises at least 99 wt % cerium oxide based upon total weight of rare earth metal oxide.
13. The flux composition of claim 12 , further comprising, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire, less than 1.0 nickel.
14. The flux composition of claim 12 , further comprising, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire:
0.88-1.02 manganese; and
1.27-1.48 magnesium.
15. The flux composition of claim 14 , further comprising, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire:
0.74-0.90 nickel.
16. The flux composition of claim 12 , further comprising, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire:
2.38-2.95 of one or more sintered oxides.
17. The flux composition of claim 16 , wherein the one or more sintered oxides comprise one or more of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), calcium oxide (CaO), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and ferrous oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ).
18. The flux composition of claim 12 , further comprising one or more sintered fluorides.
19. The flux composition of claim 18 , wherein the one or more sintered fluorides comprises a first sintered fluoride comprising barium fluoride, and the first sintered fluoride is provided, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire, in an amount of 9.65-10.58.
20. The flux composition of claim 19 , wherein the one or more sintered fluorides comprises a second sintered fluoride comprising lithium fluoride, and the second sintered fluoride is provided, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire, in an amount of 0.68-1.02.
21. The flux composition of claim 12 , further comprising, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire:
0.816 nickel;
1.378 magnesium;
1.803 aluminum;
0.947 manganese; and
0.009 rare earth metal oxide.