Transparent structural composites with encapsulated micro-LEDs
A transparent structural component including embedded light emitting diodes (LEDs) includes a transparent layer. A plurality of LEDs is arranged on the transparent layer. A plurality of interconnections is made to the plurality of LEDs. A plurality of structural fibers arranged adjacent to the transparent layer. A transparent material encapsulates the transparent layer, the plurality of LEDs, the plurality of interconnections and the plurality of structural fibers.
1. A transparent structural component including embedded light emitting diodes (LEDs), comprising:
a transparent layer;
a plurality of LEDs arranged on the transparent layer;
a plurality of interconnections to the plurality of LEDs;
a plurality of structural fibers arranged adjacent to the transparent layer, wherein the plurality of structural fibers are arranged on an opposite side of the transparent layer as the plurality of LEDs or are arranged over the plurality of LEDs; and
a transparent material encapsulating the transparent layer, the plurality of LEDs, the plurality of interconnections and the plurality of structural fibers, wherein the transparent material entirely encapsulates the transparent layer, the plurality of LEDs, the plurality of interconnections and the plurality of structural fibers.
2. The transparent structural component of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of structural fibers are selected from a group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, natural fibers, and combinations thereof.
3. The transparent structural component of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the transparent layer and the transparent material are selected from a group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), polyamide-imide (PAI), polyamide (PA), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketone (PEK), a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), co-transparent layers thereof, and combinations thereof.
4. The transparent structural component of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of interconnections to the plurality of LEDs are selected from a group consisting of:
copper traces formed on the transparent layer;
first conductive ink traces; and
conductive fibers.
5. The transparent structural component of claim 4 , wherein:
the plurality of interconnections to the plurality of LEDs comprise the conductive fibers;
a plurality of portions of the first conductive ink traces are covered by a dielectric ink; and
second conductive ink traces are arranged over the dielectric ink and the first conductive ink traces at the plurality of portions.
6. The transparent structural component of claim 5 , wherein the conductive fibers are selected from a group consisting of conductive carbon fibers, metal-coated fibers and non-conductive fibers wound around a conductive wire.
7. The transparent structural component of claim 1 , wherein the transparent layer has a first index of refraction and the transparent material is made of a second material having a second index of refraction, and wherein a difference between the first index of refraction and the second index of refraction is less than 2.5% of the first index of refraction.
8. The transparent structural component of claim 7 , wherein a difference between the first index of refraction and the second index of refraction is less than 1% of the first index of refraction.
9. The transparent structural component of claim 1 , wherein the transparent layer and the transparent material are made of the same type of material.
10. The transparent structural component of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of LEDs comprise microLEDs.
11. A method for making a transparent structural component including embedded light emitting diodes (LEDs), comprising:
providing a transparent layer and a plurality of LEDs arranged on the transparent layer;
providing a plurality of interconnections to the plurality of LEDs;
arranging a plurality of structural fibers adjacent to the transparent layer, wherein the plurality of structural fibers are arranged on an opposite side of the transparent layer as the plurality of LEDs or are arranged over the plurality of LEDs; and
encapsulating the transparent layer, the plurality of LEDs, the plurality of interconnections and the plurality of structural fibers in a transparent material, wherein the transparent material entirely encapsulates the transparent layer, the plurality of LEDs, the plurality of interconnections and the plurality of structural fibers.
12. The method for making the transparent structural component of claim 11 , further comprising selecting the plurality of structural fibers from a group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, natural fibers, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of making the transparent structural component of claim 11 , further comprising selecting at least one of the transparent layer and the transparent material from a group consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI), polyamide-imide (PAI), polyamide (PA), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketone (PEK), a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), co-transparent layers thereof, and combinations thereof.
14. The method of making the transparent structural component of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of interconnections to the plurality of LEDs are selected from a group consisting of:
copper traces formed on the transparent layer;
first conductive ink traces printed on the transparent layer; and
conductive fibers attached to the plurality of LEDs.
15. The method of making the transparent structural component of claim 14 , wherein:
the plurality of interconnections to the plurality of LEDs comprise the conductive fibers;
a plurality of portions of the first conductive ink traces are covered by a dielectric ink; and
second conductive ink traces are arranged over the dielectric ink and the first conductive ink traces at the plurality of portions.
16. The method of making the transparent structural component of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of interconnections to the plurality of LEDs comprise conductive fibers and further comprising selecting the conductive fibers from a group consisting of conductive carbon fibers, metal-coated fibers and non-conductive fibers wound around a conductive wire.
17. The method of making the transparent structural component of claim 11 , wherein the transparent layer has a first index of refraction and the transparent material is made of a second material having a second index of refraction, and wherein a difference between the first index of refraction and the second index of refraction is less than 2.5% of the first index of refraction.
18. The method of making the transparent structural component of claim 17 , wherein a difference between the first index of refraction and the second index of refraction is less than 1% of the first index of refraction.
19. The method of making the transparent structural component of claim 11 , wherein the transparent layer and the transparent material are made of the same type of material.
20. The method of making the transparent structural component of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of LEDs comprise microLEDs.