Macrocyclic chelators and methods of use thereof
Macrocyclic chelators for chelation of alpha-emitting radiometal ions, such as actinium-225 are provided. Also provided are radiometal complexes containing an alpha-emitting radiometal ion bound to the macrocyclic chelator via coordinate bonding, and radioimmunoconjugates containing the radiometal complexes covalently linked to a targeting ligand, such as an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. The radioimmunoconjugates can be produced by click chemistry reactions. Methods of using the radiocomplexes and radioimmunoconjugates for selectively targeting neoplastic cells for radiotherapy and for treating neoplastic diseases and disorders are also described.
1 . A chelator selected from the group consisting of:
wherein:
L 1 is a linker selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl moiety, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl, and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one to three groups selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy, amide, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl;
R 11 is a —NH 2 , —NCS, —NCO, —N 3 , alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, —C(O)R 13 , —COOR 13 , —CON(R 13 ) 2 , maleimido, acyl halide, tetrazine, or trans-cyclooctene, or R 11 comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, scaffold protein, small molecule, or aptamer; and
each R 13 is independently hydrogen or alkyl.
2 . The chelator of claim 1 , wherein R 11 is —NCS, —NCO, —N 3 , alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, or maleimido, and L 1 is an unsubstituted alkyl, an unsubstituted heteroalkyl, an unsubstituted aryl, an unsubstituted heteroaryl, or a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety.
3 . The chelator of claim 1 , wherein the chelator comprises a radiometal ion bound to the chelator via coordinate bonding thereby forming a radiometal complex.
4 . The radiometal complex of claim 3 , wherein the radiometal complex is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein:
M is actinium-225 ( 225 Ac)
L 1 is a linker selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl moiety, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl, and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one to three groups selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy, amide, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl;
R 11 is a —NH 2 , —NCS, —NCO, —N 3 , alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, —C(O) R 13 , —COOR 13 , —CON(R 13 ) 2 , maleimido, acyl halide, tetrazine, or trans-cyclooctene, or R 11 comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, scaffold protein, small molecule, or aptamer; and
each R 13 is independently hydrogen or alkyl.
5 . A radioimmunoconjugate comprising the radiometal complex of claim 3 conjugated to an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
6 . The radioimmunoconjugate of claim 5 , wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is linked to R 11 of the radiocomplex via a triazole moiety.
7 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising the radioimmunoconjugate of claim 5 , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
8 . A method of selectively targeting neoplastic cells for radiotherapy in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 .
9 . A method of treating a neoplastic disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 .
10 . A method of treating prostate cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 .
11 . The chelator according to claim 1 , wherein R 11 is selected from the group consisting of bicyclononynyl (BCN), difluorinated cyclooctynyl (DIFO), dibenzocyclooctynyl (DIBO), keto-DIBO, biarylazacyclooctynonyl (BARAC), dibenzoazacyclooctynyl (DIBAC, DBCO, ADIBO), dimethoxyazacyclooctynyl (DIMAC), difluorobenzocyclooctynyl (DIFBO), monobenzocyclooctynyl (MOBO), and tetramethoxy dibenzocyclooctynyl (TMDIBO).
12 . The chelator according to claim 1 , wherein R 11 is DBCO or BCN.
13 . The chelator according to claim 1 , wherein R 11 comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, scaffold protein, small molecule, or aptamer.
14 . A method of preparing a radioimmunoconjugate, the method comprising: contacting the chelator of claim 13 with a radiometal ion, thereby forming a radiometal complex bound to the targeting ligand.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein R 11 comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
16 . The chelator of claim 1 , wherein the chelator is:
17 . A radioimmunoconjugate having a structure selected from the group consisting of:
wherein each R 12 is hydrogen;
M is a radiometal ion;
mAb is an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; and
L 1 is a linker selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl moiety, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl, and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety.
18 . The radioimmunoconjugate of claim 17 , wherein the radioimmunoconjugate is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein mAb is an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.