Camera focusing including lens centration estimation using variable focal length phased metalens
Described is camera focusing including lens centration estimation using variable focal length phased metalenses. Camera modular alignment and test (CMAT) equipment checks the modular transfer function (MTF) performance of lenses and an image sensor. The CMAT equipment positions a variable focal length phased metalens between the lenses and the image sensor. The metalens includes multiple segments that provide a variable focus depending on distance and angle from boresight of the image sensor. By measuring optical characteristics of the lenses at two opposing segments of the metalens, defocusing effects and a lens centration tilt vector can be computed. Repositioning the lenses to align the centration tilt vector with the boresight of the image sensor improves the MTF performance. A final camera assembly with lenses in precise alignment with the image sensor can be produced, which may improve production output by increasing pass rate at an end of line tester.
1. A method comprising:
identifying, loaded in camera modular alignment and test (CMAT) equipment, a set of lenses and a set of camera components including an image sensor for a camera assembly;
executing, by the CMAT equipment, a multiple-axis lens alignment check to measure a modulation transfer function performance of the lenses after integration with the camera components, wherein executing the alignment check includes:
positioning a variable focal length phased metalens between the lenses and the image sensor;
measuring optical characteristics of the lenses at two or more opposing segments of the metalens to determine defocusing effects of the lenses after integration with the camera components;
computing, based on the defocusing effects of the lenses, a centration tilt vector for the lenses relative to a boresight of the image sensor; and
repositioning the lenses to align the centration tilt vector with the boresight of the image sensor to generate instructions for precisely aligning the centration tilt vector with the boresight during production of the camera assembly; and
outputting, by the CMAT equipment, the instructions for precisely aligning the centration tilt vector with the boresight during production of the camera assembly.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two or more opposing segments of the metalens comprise two or more radially opposing segments that provide different focus capabilities at different radial distances from a center of the metalens.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the metalens comprises multiple concentric rings of lens elements positioned about a center of the metalens,
each of the rings is associated with a unique region of the metalens that is located about, and at a unique radial distance from, a center of the metalens; and
the lens elements of each of the rings is configured to provide a different focus capability than the lens elements of at least one other of the rings to enable the CMAT equipment to compute and align a centration tilt vector of the lenses to a boresight of the image sensor.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the two or more opposing segments of the metalens comprise two or more radially opposing segments of the metalens that pass in opposite directions from the center of the metalens and through at least two of the rings.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the metalens comprises at least two different types of rings, each of the rings being associated with one of the at least two different types.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein a first type of the different types of rings includes first lens elements for enabling a minimum tilt angle assessment, and a second type of the different types of rings includes second lens elements for enabling a maximum tilt angle assessment.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein measuring the optical characteristics at the two or more opposing segments comprises:
positioning the metalens in a first position of rotation relative the image sensor;
assessing the minimum tilt angle and the maximum tilt angle of the lenses at the first position of rotation;
positioning the metalens in a second position of rotation relative the image sensor; and
assessing the minimum tilt angle and the maximum tilt angle of the lenses at the second position of rotation; and
assessing, based on a combination of the minimum tilt angle and the maximum tilt angle of the lenses that is assessed for the first and second positions, the minimum tilt angle and the maximum tilt angle of the lenses, generally.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the minimum tilt angle and the maximum tilt angle of the lenses, generally, is assessed further based on the minimum tilt angle and the maximum tilt angle of the lenses assessed when the metalens is positioned in one or more third positions of rotation relative the image sensor.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein a third type of the different types of rings includes third lens elements for enabling a second minimum tilt angle assessment, and a fourth type of the different types of rings includes fourth lens elements for enabling a second maximum tilt angle assessment.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein positioning the variable focal length phased metalens between the lenses and the image sensor comprises positioning the metalens adjacent to a protective glass of the image sensor.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein repositioning the lenses to align the centration tilt vector with the boresight of the image sensor comprises adjusting a tilt angle applied to the lenses relative the image sensor.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein repositioning the lenses to align the centration tilt vector with the boresight of the image sensor comprises adjusting an offset distance applied to the lenses relative the image sensor.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the offset distance comprises a vertical offset applied to the lenses along the boresight of the image sensor at a height above a focal plane of the image sensor.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the offset distance comprises a lateral offset applied to the lenses in one or two directions that are parallel to a focal plane of the image sensor.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the boresight of the image sensor is normal to a focal plane of the image sensor.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the boresight of the image sensor comprises a mechanical boresight of the camera assembly after integration of a lens holder and the image sensor, the image sensor being mounted to a printed circuit board.
17. An apparatus comprising:
a variable focal length phased metalens configured to be used by camera modular alignment and test (CMAT) equipment during a multiple-axis lens alignment check of a camera assembly to measure modulation transfer function performance of the camera assembly after integrating a set of lenses with an image sensor included among a set of camera components,
the metalens comprising multiple concentric rings of lens elements positioned about a center of the metalens,
each of the rings being associated with a unique region of the metalens that is located about, and at a unique radial distance from, a center of the metalens;
the lens elements of each of the rings configured to provide a different focus capability than the lens elements of at least one other of the lens element rings to enable the CMAT equipment to compute and align a centration tilt vector of the lenses to a boresight of the image sensor.
18. A system comprising:
a variable focal length phased metalens including two or more opposing segments; and
camera modulation and alignment test (CMAT) equipment configured to:
identify, loaded in the CMAT equipment, a set of lenses and a set of camera components including an image sensor for a camera assembly; and
output instructions to precisely align a centration tilt vector of the lenses with a boresight of the image sensor by executing a multiple-axis lens alignment check to measure a modulation transfer function performance of the lenses after integration with the camera components, the CMAT equipment being configured to execute the alignment check by:
positioning the metalens between the lenses and the image sensor;
measuring optical characteristics of the lenses at each of the two or more opposing segments to determine defocusing effects of the lenses after integration with the camera components;
computing, based on the defocusing effects of the lenses, the centration tilt vector for the lenses relative the boresight of the image sensor; and
repositioning the lenses to align the centration tilt vector with the boresight of the image sensor to generate the instructions for precisely aligning the centration tilt vector with the boresight during production of the camera assembly.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the two or more opposing segments of the metalens comprise two or more radially opposing segments that provide different focus capability at different radial distances from a center of the metalens.
20. The system of claim 18 , wherein:
the metalens comprises multiple concentric rings of lens elements positioned about a center of the metalens,
each of the rings is associated with a unique region of the metalens that is located about, and at a unique radial distance from, a center of the metalens; and
the lens elements of each of the rings is configured to provide a different focus capability than the lens elements of at least one other of the rings to enable the CMAT equipment to compute
and align a centration tilt vector of the lenses to a boresight of the image sensor.