Irreversible additive, positive electrode material including irreversible additive, and lithium secondary battery including positive electrode material
An irreversible additive includes an oxide having a trigonal crystal structure and represented by Formula 1, and a coating layer positioned on a surface of the oxide and including a compound represented by Formula 2. A positive electrode material including the irreversible additive and a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode material including the irreversible additive are also provided.
1. An additive comprising:
a lithium nickel oxide having a trigonal crystal structure and represented by Formula 1 below; and
a coating layer positioned on a surface of the lithium nickel oxide represented by Formula 1 and including a compound represented by Formula 2 below:
Li 2+a Ni 1−b M1 b O 2+c , [Formula 1]
wherein in Formula 1 above,
0≤a≤0.2, 0≤b≤0.5, and 0≤c≤0.2, and M1 is one or more selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mg, Pt, Al, Co, P, and B,
Li 5+c FeO 4−d A d , [Formula 2]
wherein in Formula 2 above,
0≤c≤0.2 and 0≤d≤0.5, and A is one or more selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, At, and S.
2. The additive of claim 1 , wherein a space group of the lithium nickel oxide represented by Formula 1 above belongs to P3-m1.
3. The additive of claim 1 , wherein the lithium nickel oxide represented by Formula 1 above comprises lithium and nickel in a molar ratio of 1.5 to 2:1.
4. The additive of claim 1 , wherein the lithium nickel oxide represented by Formula 1 above is Li 2 NiO 2 .
5. The additive of claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 2 has an orthorhombic crystal structure.
6. The additive of claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 2 above is Li 5 FeO 4 .
7. The additive of claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 2 above is included in an amount from 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lithium nickel oxide represented by Formula 1 above.
8. A positive electrode material comprising the additive according to claim 1 and a positive electrode active material.
9. The positive electrode material of claim 8 , wherein the positive electrode active material is represented by [Formula 3] below:
Li 1+f Ni x Co y M3 z M4 w O 2 , [Formula 3]
wherein in Formula 3 above, 0≤f≤0.2, 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<z<1, and 0≤w≤0.1, M3 is one or more of Mn or Al, and M4 is one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ti, W, Zr, V, Fe, Y, and Mo.
10. The positive electrode material of claim 8 , wherein the positive electrode active material is represented by [Formula 4] below:
Li 1+f1 Ni x1 Co y1 Mn z1 Al z2 M4 w1 O 2 , [Formula 4]
wherein in Formula 4 above, 0≤f1≤0.2, 0.8≤x1<1, 0<y1<0.2, 0<z1<0.2, 0<z2<0.2, and 0≤w1≤0.1, and M4 is one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, W, Zr, V, Fe, Y, and Mo.
11. The positive electrode material of claim 8 , wherein the additive is included in an amount from 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material.
12. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode including the positive electrode material of claim 8 ;
a negative electrode positioned to face the positive electrode; and
an electrolyte.
13. The lithium secondary battery of claim 12 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a silicon-based negative electrode active material.
14. The lithium secondary battery of claim 12 , further comprising a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
15. The additive of claim 1 , wherein the additive has an oxygen formation energy value that is above 4.7 eV.